53 Md. 295 | Md. | 1880
delivered the opinion of the Court.
Anton Textor, trading as J. C. Textor & Bro., being largely indebted to sundry persons, on the 9th day of June, 1876, signed and sealed this proposition to his creditors :
“ I, Anton Textor, of the City of Baltimore, trading as J. C. Textor & Bro., do hereby agree with each and every creditor of J. C. Textor & Bro., who shall accept and sign this agreement written below, to pay to each and every creditor so accepting this agreement, one-fourth of the claim of such creditor against J. C. Textor & Bro., in cash, and to deliver, to each creditor so accepting said agreement, two notes of J. C. Textor & Bro., dated the ninth day of June, in the year 1876, drawn to their own order’and endorsed hy Henry Smith, of the City of Baltimore, each of said notes for one-fourth of the claim of the creditor so accepting said agreement, said cash and notes to he accepted hy all my creditors in full satisfaction of their respective claims against J. O. Textor & Bro.; one of said notes to.he payable twelve months after date, and the other eighteen months after date, without interest.
“ And I, Henry Smith, do hereby covenant and agree with each and every creditor of J. C. Textor & Bro.,*303 who shall accept this agreement and, sign the same, that I will endorse two of said J. C. Textor &■ Brother’s notes, each for one-fourth of the claim of such creditor, as agreed upon herein hy the said J. C. Textor & Bro. Witness our hands and seals this 9th day of June, in the year 1876.”
A number of the creditors, if not all, hy their attorneys signed the agreement and accepted the composition. The appellants were of that number, and were paid the cash stipulated for in the agreement, and received the notes for the deferred payments, which were paid. This suit is to recover the remainder of their claim not provided for in the composition agreement.
The narr. is in assumpsit for goods bargained and sold to the plaintiffs, and also for goods sold and delivered to O’Neal, Cheveront & Co. and Geo. Lewin & Co., who had respectively assigned their claims to the plaintiffs.
Defendant pleaded: 1. Never indebted. 2. Never promised. 3. Specially setting up the composition agreement. 4. Payment, and 5. Release.
The third plea set out, that after the sale and delivery of the goods in the declaration mentioned, the defendant made certain promissory notes to the plaintiffs for their claim, and afterwards made the composition offer (which has already been recited.) It then sets up that the plaintiffs, hy attorneys duly authorized, accepted the offer and agreement, and that he and the said Henry Smith complied with all the terms of the agreement, hy paying the cash and executing the notes as agreed (Henry Smith being then and ever afterwards solvent,) and that the plaintiffs accepted the cash and notes in full discharge of their claim. Issue was joined on the first and second pleas. 2. To the third plea plaintiffs replied that they did not accept the cash and notes in payment. 3. That said agreement and release were procured hy fraud practiced on them. Fourth and fifth pleas were traversed, and to the
Before trial plaintiffs filed an additional replication to the fifth plea, which in substance is as follows: that before the institution of this suit a certain Shaefer & Bonafield, creditors of the defendant, instituted suit against him (the defendant) in the Superior Court of Baltimore City to recover a debt due them for indebtedness before the. 9th of June, 1876; that defendant appeared and pleaded the same plea which is now by his third plea interposed here, and that same replication as is made here was there made : viz., that the agreement was procured by the fraud of the defendant practiced on Shaeffer & Bonafield; that issue was joined thereon and the cause was removed to the Circuit Court of the United States for the District of Maryland, in which Court, in November, 1877, a trial was had, and a verdict was rendered against the defendant for the amount claimed, that judgment was entered, and the same was paid, “ and the plaintiffs further in fact say that the said agreement of the 9th of June, 1876, set out in said cause above set forth, and which in the same agreement set out in the third plea in this case, was made and entered into on their behalf and on behalf of each of their assignors by the same attorneys, and at the same time, who assented thereto, at same time for Shaeffer & Bonafield, and that they and their assignors and the said Shaeffer & Bonafield did assent to and enter into said agreement set out in said third plea, at the same time and through the same attorneys, and that it was in fact hut one agreement, as well the creditors who assented to and became bound thereby, including therein the said plaintiffs and their said assignors, wherefore the said plaintiffs say, that by force of said judgment of said Circuit Court of the United States, the said defendant is estopped from claiming any right as against them, the said plaintiffs
To this replication a demurrer was entered, and the demurrer having being sustained by the Court below, it forms the first subject of review. In support of their replication appellants' counsel insist, that this agreement was a mutual agreement; that the agreement of the other creditors to take less than their respective claims, was the consideration for the agreement of each of the creditors to accept the composition; and that inasmuch as the rule is well settled, that if there he a private agreement by which one creditor, who signs the agreement is nevertheless to get his whole claim or a larger proportion than the other creditors, such understanding is a fraud on the rest, and will avoid the contract, it must also follow if one of the creditors has been induced by the fraudulent representations of the debtor to enter into the composition, and afterwards on issue made on that fact, secures a verdict in his favor, and gets his whole claim, that such fact must also avoid the whole agreement, and relieve all who signed i( from its operation. The fact in this case having been found that Shaeffer & Bonafield were induced by fraud to accept the agreement, and they having obtained satisfaction of their whole debt, the appellants insist it is now incontrovertible, and the fact so found estops defendant in this suit.
We find a great many cases where the creditor, who has exacted more than he would receive by the composition as a condition of his signing the agreement, has been non-suited or enjoined, on its appearing that his cause of action was so tainted with fraud upon the other creditors and oppression of the debtor. Upon the suit of the creditors and debtor, or of the latter alone, the additional notes or securities have been decreed to be delivered up. Leicester vs. Rose, 4 East, 372; Jackson vs. Sadler, 15 Vesey, Jr., 52; Jackman vs. Mitchell, 13 Vesey, Jr., 581; Mawson
Counsel for defendant insist that this agreement was not an agreement of the creditors with each other, but a simple acceptance by each creditor of a proposition from the debtor. It certainly does not appear anywhere that, by express language, it was an agreement by the creditors
It is not necessary that all the creditors of a debtor shall unite in the agreement to make it a binding contract. Any number less than the whole may so agree, and it is binding on those who do agree. Norman vs. Thompson, 4 Exchequer, 754; Boyd vs. Hind, 1 H. & N., 944. In this case it does not appear that all the creditors united in the agreement, nor is it alleged that, without Shaeffer & Bonafield’s signature, the plaintiffs and other creditors would not have made the agreement. Without their signature sufficient consideration for the agreement remained. If the partial failure of consideration were such as to he good ground for setting the composition agreement aside, the proceeding by which it was to he set aside should he one in which all the parties to the composition should have opportunity to he heard. In the case of a creditor contracting for more than the composition agreement was to give him, he practices a fraud himself on the other creditors, by which he induces them to take less than he is to get, or less security than he is to get. If he gets more or other collaterals, he to that extent diminishes the ability of the creditor to meet his engagements with the rest. The creditor practices the fraud. In this case it is alleged that Shaeffer & Bonafield were deceived by the debtor into the arrangement, and that fact has been found by a jury, and he has been released from the operation of the contract of composition. These appellants made a like issue that they were drawn into the arrangement by fraud and deceit, hut on that issue the jury found ad
A fact once found by a jury is not necessarily incontrovertible, and conclusively established by such verdict. In Warford vs. Colvin, 14 Md., 532, which was an action of ejectment, where the parties were the same, (except that
Exception was taken by the appellants to the refusal of the Court to allow them to show by the appellee, as a witness, that after the verdict against him in the suit of Shaeffer & Bonafield. who had settled under the agreement of 9th June, 1876, as the appellants had done, that he, (the witness,) had settled with some others of the creditors for the balance due them, after receiving what was coming under the composition agreement, and had some settlements of the kind with creditors who had not sued.
The only issue involving the question of fraud which was before the jury, was whether the plaintiffs or their assignors had been induced to enter into the composition by the fraudulent conduct, or representations of the defendant, and the evidence could only have been offered to support that issue. It is obnoxious to both objections raised by the appellee’s counsel. It suggests to the jury a fact which they were not entitled to know, and which might be prejudicial on the issue, in support of which it
Judgment affirmed,