Chesterman v. Gardner

The Chancellor.

There is no sufficient ground dig--dosed in this case for the interference of the Court.

The defendants leased a house and lot, in the City of New-York, to the plaintiff, for nine years, for the sum of 3,000 dollars, which was paid. The lease contained a covenant on the part of the defendants for quiet enjoyment during the term. At the date of the lease the defendant W. G. was assignee of a mortgage upon the premises, and the defendant G. G. was assignee of the equity of redemption, and between them both united the title. Pending the lease, the defendant W. G. assigned the mortgage to N. Wells, who filed a bill to foreclоse the equity of redemption, and there was a decree of foreclosure ‍​​​​‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​​‌‌‌​‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​​​‌‌​‌‌‌‌​‌​‌‌‌​​‌‍and sale, and the plaintiff became the purchaser, and merged his term in the fee.

1. There being no actual eviction or ouster, the plaintiff has no remedy at lаw, under his covenant for quiet, enjoyment. The case of Waldron v. M'Carty, (3 Johns. Rep. 471.) is in point. Nor can he have any remedy in this Court, on the mere ground of а failure of title, if he has taken no covenants to secure the title, and there be no fraud in the case. The cases tо this point were referred to in Abbot v. Allen, (2 Johns. Ch. Rep. 522, 523.) and they appear to he very clear and explicit. Whether there be any implied сovenants in the lease which are not so inconsistent with the express covenant for quiet enjoyment, but that they may exist notwithstаnding the express covenant, I have not thought it necessary even to examine, for whatever remedy for damages exists undеr covenants, express or implied, belongs to a Court of law, and not to this Court. The only relief here on the ground of the failurе of title, is fraud : Though fraud be charged in the bill, it is denied in the answer, and there is no positive proof of it, and it is left to be inferred, if inferred at all, from the simple fact that the defendant W. G. did after-wards assign the mortgage to Wells, and that Wells foreclosed the equity of redemption of G. W., who was unwillihg or unable to redeem. But I do not think that the mere assignment of the mortgage by W. G. to Wells, was, of itself, an act of fraud upon the ‍​​​​‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​​‌‌‌​‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​​​‌‌​‌‌‌‌​‌​‌‌‌​​‌‍plaintiff He avers, in his answer, that Wells took an assignment of the mortgage with notice оf the lease, and that fact of notice is sufficiently in proof. Wells testifies, that “ he understood from the defendant W. G. that the premises were leased to the plaintiffs, and that thеy were leased either by the defendant W. GM or by him and his father, G. G., jointly,” and prior to the assignment of the mortgage to Wells, he was with his partnеr authorized by the defendants, to receive the rents from the plaintiffs; and the rent payable on the 1st of May, 1817, was received by his partner on the 5th of that month, and ‍​​​​‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​​‌‌‌​‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​​​‌‌​‌‌‌‌​‌​‌‌‌​​‌‍a receipt in the partnership name given. After this, it lay not in the mouth of Wells, to deny notice of the term when he beсame an assignee of the mortgage; and certainly fraud cannot be imputed to the defendant W. G., by the act of assignment. It is, besides, a rule of equity that the possession of a tenant is notice to a purchaser of the reversion, of the actuаl interest of the tenant and of the whole extent of that interest, and he is bound to admit every claim which could be enforcеd against the vendor. (Daniels v. Davison, 16 Vesey, 249.)

There is as little colour for the inference of fraud, in the defendant G. G., in suffering the equity of redemption to bе foreclosed. It is not to be supposed that because he was unable to redeem a mortgage, and becausе he had no just defence to make to the bill of foreclosure, that he thereby meditated fraud id fact upon the plaintiff. But thе fraud which, in these cases, is to afford relief, means fraud at the time of the execution of the deed or lease : The сases do not refer to subsequent and distinct transactions, which do not affect or impair the good faith which was felt and intendеd, when the deed was executed.

2. The plaintiff, by becoming the purchaser at the master’s sale, and merging his term in the inheritancе, has deprived himself of all remedy for any alleged failure of title, for it has become impossible to ascertain the damages which he claims. It is in proof that the plaintiff was very busy at the sale, throwing doubts and difficulties over the title, and that he intimated, that “ whoever bought the premises must expect to take subject to his lease.” The master says, ‍​​​​‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​​‌‌‌​‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​​​‌‌​‌‌‌‌​‌​‌‌‌​​‌‍that the lot was sold by him free of all incumbrances, and not subject to any right of the plaintiff. This was no doubt the formal declaration and intention of the master | but havе we not just reason to believe, that the plaintiff’s suggestions and pretensions did lessen the bids, and that he is now enjoying, in a greater оr less degree, the benefit of his lease, and the value of his own previous improvements? I have no doubt of the fact; and that if he was now to be paid for his improvements, and for the value of the lease, as he contends for, he would be recеiving from the defend- . . T„ , . . . _ ants an unconscientious remuneration. It the plamtiit meant t0 re]y upon his covenant, and to seek indemnity from thе defendants, he should not have voluntarily speculated at the sale, and mingled his term and the inheritance together, and therеby rendered it impossible for us to tell what damages, if any, he has sustained. How do we know that he would have been evicted, when Wells purchased with notice of his tеrm, and when every purchaser at the master’s sale, according to the doctrine already referred to, would have taken subject to the like notice and when as a matter of fact his lease was publicly known ? Every assignee of a mortgagеe with notice of his leases, is bound in equity by those leases equally with him; and there can be no doubt that Wells could not have evicted the plaintiff under his assignment of the mortgage. He was as much bound after purchasing with notice of the lease, as the lessor himsеlf. He could not have disturbed the plaintiff, and if he had be-, come the purchaser at the master’s sale, he would have beеn equally bound. The plaintiff elected to purchase himself, and certainly with notice of his own lease, and with his own declarаtion that the purchase was subject to it. He comes therefore into this Court without any colour of equity to ask for indemnity for the loss of his lease. He purchases, through the means of the decree, from Wells the assignee of W. G., and thus the plaintiff may be said to have volun- ' tarily accepted and paid for a release, of the inheritance derived from his own lessor; And can he now come uрon the lessor for damages for that sale ? By becoming a party to the sale, he has waived all right and title to relief.

On either of these two grounds, therefore, I conclude ‍​​​​‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​​‌‌‌​‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​​​‌‌​‌‌‌‌​‌​‌‌‌​​‌‍that the bill ought to be dismissed.

Bill dismissed .without costs.

Case Details

Case Name: Chesterman v. Gardner

Court Name: New York Court of Chancery

Date Published: Dec 21, 1820

Citation: 1820 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 48