Cherry v. State

68 Ala. 29 | Ala. | 1880

SOMERVILLE, J.

Hearsay evidence is always admissible to prove pedigree, and this term embraces not only questions of descent and relationship, but also the particular facts of birth, marriage and death, and the times when these events may have happened. And any book, document, or paper containing entries made by a parent or relation, as to such facts, may be received as the wi’itten declarations of deceased persons who respectively made them.—1 Taylor on Ev. §§ 444, 450. Such evidence is held admissible not only from the extreme difficulty of providing any better, but is resorted to upon the ground of the interest of the declarants in all such matters of family relationship and connection.—1 Greenl. Ev. 103; 2 Best on Ev. § 498. The better opinion seems to be that the declarations of third persons can not be admitted to prove pedigree unless it is shown that they are deceased. White v. Strother, 11 Ala. 720; Baintree v. Hingham, 1 Pick. 245; 2 Best Ev. § 498. These principles do not preclude a person from testifying to his own age, which is a matter of pedigree, and which he is presumed to know in the same sense that he knows of a custom or prescription. The testimony of the witness Daniel Allen was properly admitted. The statement as to bis own age was primary and not secondary evidence. This was not vitiated by the reason given, that his mother told him so, and that it was written down in a book which his father had in his pocket in the court house. Bain v. State, 61 Ala. 75. If the latter portion of the reason given was objectionable, the first part, as to what the mother of the witness had told him, was not. Where a party interposes a general objection to evidence, which is partly admissible, and partly inadmissible, it should be overruled. The court will not undertake the duty and labor of analyzing the evidence so as to aid the litigant to separate the legal from the illegal; this constitutes for him a new exception different from the one which be has framed, and upon the strength of which he has assigned error. He is not, furthermore, permitted to speculate, in this manner, upon the chances of obtaining, by so broad an exception, more than he can fairly and legally claim. The same rule is applicable to charges consisting of several distinct legal propositions, a part only of which is objectionable.—Bernstein v. Humes, 60 Ala. 532; Gray v. State, 63 Ala. 66.

There is no error in the ruling of the Circuit Court, and its judgment is affirmed.