297 N.Y. 185 | NY | 1948
This is an action brought by the plaintiff bank against its depositor, herein called "Arbeedee", and Caracanda Bros. Co., Ltd., herein called "Caracanda", the payee of a check drawn by Arbeedee, to which reference will presently be made. Alternative relief is sought under section 213 of the Civil Practice Act. Section 213 reads as follows: "§ 213. Where doubt exists as towho is liable. Where the plaintiff is in doubt as to the person from whom he is entitled to redress, he may join two or more defendants, to the intent that the question as to which, if any, of the defendants is liable, and to what extent, may be determined as between the parties."
Arbeedee moved to dismiss the complaint for failure to state a cause of action against it. Caracanda was not a party to the motion and is not before us upon this appeal. The matter comes to us after a nonunanimous affirmance by the Appellate Division of an order and judgment dismissing the complaint as a result of the motion.
We had before us recently a question involving the construction of section 213 and other related sections of the Civil Practice Act and we indicated the liberality of construction which should be accorded those statutes so as to attain the proper purposes to be served by them. (Great Northern Tel. Co. v. Yokohama SpecieBank,
The complaint alleges in substance that defendant Arbeedee and defendant Caracanda entered into an agreement for the purchase of sugar which provided that Arbeedee should deliver a check for $25,000 to Caracanda to bind the transaction and that that amount would be returned upon receipt by Caracanda of a letter of credit to be obtained by Arbeedee. On August 9, 1946, Arbeedee drew such a check on its account in the plaintiff bank and delivered it to Caracanda. Thereafter Arbeedee requested plaintiff to stop payment on the check. On August *189 13, 1946, Caracanda presented the check for certification and it was certified by plaintiff through mistake. On the following day Caracanda presented it for payment and plaintiff paid it. When advised of the payment of the check Arbeedee insisted that plaintiff make no debit against its account asserting that Caracanda had no legal right to the money. Plaintiff thereupon demanded repayment of the $25,000 from Caracanda. That was refused. The complaint then alleges the following:
"ELEVENTH: The $25,000 paid by plaintiff to defendant Caracanda was either owed by defendant Arbeedee to defendant Caracanda or defendant Caracanda had no right thereto.
"TWELFTH: If the money was due and owing by defendant Arbeedeeto defendant Caracanda, defendant Arbeedee has been unjustlyenriched at the expense of the plaintiff to the extent of$25,000. If the money was not due and owing from defendant Arbeedee to defendant Caracanda, then defendant Caracanda has been unjustly enriched at the expense of plaintiff to the extent of $25,000." (Emphasis supplied.)
Finally, plaintiff alleges due demand upon both defendants and nonpayment and prays for judgment in the sum of $25,000 against Arbeedee "and/or" Caracanda.
It is quite clear that the complaint fails to state a cause of action against Arbeedee since it fails to allege ratification by Arbeedee after learning of the payment by plaintiff to Caracanda (American Defense Soc. v. Sherman Nat. Bank,
A defendant may not be held liable nor may a plaintiff be entitled to redress under section 213 unless facts are alleged which constitute a cause of action. For all that appears here Arbeedee is entirely correct in the claim, as stated in the complaint, *190
that "defendant Caracanda had no legal right to the money." Our courts have never permitted a bank in a commercial transaction such as this, after breaching its depositor's instructions, to involve him against his will in litigation with a third party in order that the bank may recoup a potential loss resulting from its own error. The doctrine of subrogation or equitable assignment is not properly applicable under such circumstances. (Pittsburgh-Westmoreland Coal Co. v. Kerr,
We had occasion long since to indicate that a bank may protect itself by contract with its depositor so as to limit liability on a stop payment order. (Gaita v. Windsor Bank,
The judgment should be affirmed, with costs.
LOUGHRAN, Ch. J., LEWIS, DESMOND, THACHER, DYE and FULD, JJ., concur.
Judgment affirmed.
