| NY | Oct 25, 1881
Lead Opinion
I cannot concur in the conclusion that the learned trial court did not err in refusing to permit counsel to ask for further instructions to the jury. It may well be that *481
circumstances other than those noted in the appeal book had occurred during the trial, and which, if written out, would justify this refusal; but I take the case as I find it. At the close of the testimony there was summing up by counsel, a charge to the jury, and, as the record shows, they "having risen from their seats and about to retire in charge of an officer to deliberate on their verdict," the defendant's counsel said: "Wait one moment, please." The court, "No; I will not add to my charge at all;" and addressing the jury said, "Go on, gentlemen." Defendant's counsel: "I want to ask the court to make some charge to the jury." The court: "No; I have said all I ought to say. You take an exception?" Defendant's counsel: "Yes; but I want to ask the court to charge the jury in certain respects. I claim that to be my right, your honor." The court: "I refuse, and you take an exception." The respondent states, upon his printed points, "an opportunity to make requests had been offered and had not been availed of." But this is accompanied by no reference to the case, and a careful examination fails to disclose the occurrence. The effect of such a fact, had it existed, need not be considered. Nor was the refusal of the court put upon that ground. The request of the counsel was obviously addressed to the court, and not, as the plaintiff urges, to the jury, for the reply to the counsel was: "I will not add to my charge at all;" and to the jury the court said: "Go on." All this time the jury were in their box, having merely risen from their seats, and the court assumed a knowledge of the reason for the request of counsel. An explicit statement of it followed. It should, I think, have been listened to. It is the duty of counsel so to conduct his client's cause that the jury may have the facts before them, under such instructions as to the law as are material to the case; and as under our system of judicature those instructions can be given only by the court, it would seem to be the client's absolute right to have his counsel heard concerning them. In no other way can the suitor have the benefit of the machinery of the courts; of the law as claimed by him if the response is *482
favorable, of an exception for review if it is refused. The right may be forfeited by the omission of counsel to speak in time, for the client is bound by his conduct, and as to that the court has a large discretion. Here it was not exercised. The jury were before the court, in their proper places. Its ear was withheld from the counsel, not because he did not speak in season, but because, anticipating the object of counsel, the court decided to deny him. It may be that no suggestion would have changed that mind; but had it been heard, the defendant would have had either the benefit of an exception to that decision, or a ruling of the court in accordance with his views. To one or the other he was entitled; and it was beyond the power of the court to deprive him of it. As a trial judge is bound to instruct the jury on each proposition of law submitted to him by counsel bearing upon the evidence (Zabriskie v. Smith,
I have reached this conclusion with reluctance, and with no disposition to interfere with the exercise of the large and necessary discretion intrusted to a trial judge. But a right valuable to litigants seems to have been denied; and for this reason there should, I think, be a new trial. *483
Dissenting Opinion
* * * * * An exception is also taken to the decision of the judge upon the trial in regard to the requests to charge made by the counsel for the defendant. At the time when the requests were presented, the jury had been charged, risen from their seats, and were about to retire in charge of an officer to deliberate upon the verdict, and the judge declined to make any further charge, and directed the jury to retire.
The orderly proceedings of a court upon a trial rest very much in the discretion of the presiding judge, and unless it appears that such discretion has been abused, it is not within the province of an appellate tribunal to interfere with its exercise. The usual course upon a trial is to hand up the requests to the judge before the charge is made, and at most, prior to the time when the jury are ready to retire in charge of an officer. A proper degree of vigilance would certainly require that the right to present requests should be exercised before the latter contingency, and a delay beyond this ordinarily would leave it for the judge to say whether he would keep or call the jury back and pass upon the requests. It should not be overlooked, that it does not appear that any portion of the charge as made was excepted to, nor what additional charge was desired, or that it would affect the disposition of the case in any manner. The counsel stated that he desired the judge to make "some charge to the jury," and to charge in some respects without advising what he desired, or showing that it was material. Nor did he state what he did desire in this respect, as he should have done under the circumstances presented. We are not prepared to say that any injustice has been done, or that there was any such abuse of discretion as would authorize an interference with the decision of the judge by a reversal of the judgment.
RAPALLO, ANDREWS, EARL and FINCH, JJ., concur with DANFOTH, J. FOLGER, Ch. J. concurs with MILLER, J., dissenting.
Judgment reversed. *484