142 Ky. 782 | Ky. Ct. App. | 1911
Opinion of the Court by
Reversing.
'The appellant, Charles Chaplin, was indicted by .the grand jury of Wayne county for the murder of Weller-ford Gilbert. Upon the trial, Chaplin was convicted of manslaughter and sentenced to the penitentiary for a term of eighteen years; and from a judgment upon the verdict he appeals.
The facts which preceded and accompanied the murder are as follows: On March 10, 1910, Chaplin was at work at Owen’s still house, some two miles from his home; and while he was eating his lunch, Gilbert, John W. Bell and Jordon Bell went to the still house. Shortly thereafter, Chaplin, Gilbert and the Bells, in company with Rednour, left the still house together and started on their way home. While passing through an old field, Gilbert and Chaplin engaged in a difficulty, in which Gilbert struck at Chaplin with a knife, cutting his coat on the shoulder and breast for some eight or ten inches. Chaplin ran away from the scene of the trouble and went to his home about two miles distant. He remained at
The grounds for reversal may be classified and considered under the following four general heads:
(1) That incompetent evidence was admitted, and competent evidence rejected.
(2) That the court erred in giving instruction No. 5, which, appellant claims, took away his right of self-defense.
(3) That the court erred in allowing the Commonwealth six peremptory challenges in making up the panel; and
(4) That the court erred in refusing to sustain appellant’s motion to discharge the jury after it had been held together from Saturday, November 19, until Wednesday, November 23.
1. The appellant offered to prove the difficulty which had occurred between himself and Gilbert as they were passing through the old field, and in which Gilbert had struck at Chaplin with a knife and had cut his coat, as hereinbefore related. This evidence was offered for the purpose of showing the alleged evil disposition of Gilbert, and to sustain appellant’s plea of self-defense by showing which of the parties was the aggressor in the final tragedy which took place some four or five hours later. We are clearly of opinion that this was competent as evidence, and that the court improperly rejected it. The difficulty had occurred only about four hours theretofore, and, in the meantime Gilbert had been talking about it, and bragging that it was Chaplin, not Gilbert, who had run'away from it.
The question of admitting testimony of a previous attack by the deceased was carefully considered, and the limitations upon the rule admitting it pointed out in White v. Commonwealth, 125 Ky., 705, where testimony
“We do not mean to say that it would have been proper for the court to have allowed evidence as to all the details of the cutting and wounding of appellant by Layne, or of the assault made upon him by the latter with a club, but the fact that both assaults occurred, the general character of the injuries received by appellant at the hands of Layne, and the further fact that the latter was the attacking party should have gone to the jury in evidence. ’ ’
Also, in an extension of the original opinion, the court further said:
“Where the defendant introduces proof as to an assault by the deceased on him, the Commonwealth may show that the deceased did not so assault the defendant, and to this end may show what did occur at the time referred to. But the proof should be limited to the res gestae and much detail should be avoided. The court should charge the jury that the evidence is not admitted to show who- was to blame in that difficulty, and is only to be considered by them on the question whether at the time of the homicide the defendant believed, and had reasonable grounds to believe, he was then and there in-danger of death or great bodily harm at the hands of deceased. ’ ’
Under this rule, and to the extent and for the purpose therein stated, the testimony relating to the difficulty earlier in the day was competent and should have been admitted.
Some time previous to the day of the killing of Gilbert, Chaplin met Mrs. Lucy Sloan, the mother of Marcus Sloan, and she, in answer to -an inquiry from Chaplin, told him that Marcus would return to Oklahoma within a few days; whereupon Chaplin told her to tell Marcus that he (Chaplin,)-would be over to see him before he left. He had heard that Marcus was to leave for Oklahoma on the day after the trouble occurred, or about that lime. Upon the trial, Chaplin offered to prove this conversation with Mrs. Sloan for the purpose of showing
Chaplin also offered to prove that Gilbert had on several occasions said he had killed a white man and a negro, but the court rejected the evidence. In this, we think the court ruled properly, since former specific acts of crime committed by the deceased are held rightly rejected as having no connection with what took place at the time of the homicide. (3 Greenleaf’s Evidence, Lewis’ Ed., Sec. 27.)
2. It is further contended that, in giving instruction 5, the court took from appellant his right of self-defense. There is no objection to the other instructions given, and they will not be noticed, with this exception: In order to fully understand the fifth instruction, we here copy it in connection with the fourth instruction:
“4. Although you may believe from the evidence beyond a reasonable doubt, that the defendant shot and killed the deceased, yet if you shall further believe from the evidence that at the time he did so shoot and kill the deceased, if he did so do, he believed and had reasonable grounds to believe that he was then and there in danger of death or the infliction of some great bodily harm, at the hands of deceased, and that it was necessary or was
“5. But if you shall believe from the evidence beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant sought out the deceased and commenced the difficulty with him by drawing or attempting to draw upon him a shot gun,, then you ought not to excuse the defendant on the grounds of self-defense or apparent necessity therefor;, unless you shall believe from the evidence that he in good faith abandoned such assault and difficulty, and then the deceased, seeing or knowing of such abandonment began to assault the defendant by making demonstration as if to shoot him or do him other great bodily harm, and that it was necessary or was believed by the defendant in the exercise of a reasonable judgment to be necessary, te shoot and kill the deceased, in order to avert that danger-real, or to the defendant reasonably apparent, in which event you ought to acquit the defendant upon the grounds, of self-defense or .apparent necessity therefor.”
We are of opinion that the fourth instruction covered! the law of this case as to self-defense, and that the fifth instruction should have been omitted. Inasmuch as the-fourth instruction covered the case in so far as the issue-of self-defense was concerned, the fifth instruction, which qualified that right in some material respects, was not only erroneous under the facts of this case, but was-wholly unnecessary and misleading.
3. The contention that the circuit judge erred in allowing the Commonwealth six peremptory challenges'in making up the panel, when section 204 of the Criminal' Code only gives the Commonwealth five peremptory challenges in prosecutions for felony, will not be considered' because the alleged error is apt shown by the record. In their brief, counsel for appellant do not show where any such ruling was made, and, after a careful reading' of the-record, we have been unable to find any such ruling by.the circuit judge.
-4. It is also claimed that the circuit judge erred' in-overruling appellant’s motion to discharge the jury-on-November”23. The case was submitted to the jury on Saturday;. Nov ember 19, -1910, at one'o’clock p.m., and:
Section 251 of the Criminal Code provides that “if, after being kept together such a length of time as the court deems proper, they do not agree in a verdict, and it satisfactorily appear that there is no probability they can agree, the court may discharge the jury.” Necessarily, the length of time the jury should be held for purposes of deliberation with the view of finding a verdict, and the grounds that will be sufficient to justify the court in discharging them when they have failed to find a verdict, must rest largely in the sound discretion of the trial judge. Gilbert v. Commonwealth, 21 Ky. Law Rep., 416. In the case at bar it does not appear that the jury ever reported to the court that they could not find a verdict, or that there was no probability of their being able to find a verdict, or that they said anything whatever upon that, subject. Moreover, as above suggested, appellant’s motion showed no cause whatever for .the- discharge of the jury. The motion was based upon the single proposition that the jury should be discharged after having deliberated three days, or possibly four, without having .found a verdict. We do not think the court abused its discretion m overruling appellant’s motion to discharge the jury, and in holding it as it did until the. succeeding day.
For the reason given, the judgment of the circuit court is reversed and a new trial ordered.