421 S.E.2d 88 | Ga. Ct. App. | 1992
Michael Paul Chambers was indicted on a charge of murder and convicted of voluntary manslaughter. He appeals, contending the trial court erred by failing to give the jury his requested charge on the lesser included offense of involuntary manslaughter in the commission of an unlawful act. OCGA § 16-5-3 (a).
Evidence presented at trial established that appellant and his companion of six years, Kathy Way, had a fight over appellant’s decision to move out of the trailer home they shared. Detective Sergeant
Both appellant’s taped and written statements were admitted into evidence. In his taped statement appellant told officers that Way got the gun during the course of the argument over his moving and that he “grabbed the gun from her and it went off. I don’t know if I hit the trigger or what I [did]” to cause the gun to fire. He stated he did not know how many shots were fired but was positive that neither he nor Way cocked the gun again. He denied knowing how the revolver found by Sgt. Ray next to Way’s feet had been cocked. In his written statement, appellant explained that when Way got the gun, she threatened to kill him, but then gave him the gun after he calmed her down. He stated that he saw that the hammer had been cocked and that he was trying to let the hammer down when the gun fired. He then threw the gun to the floor and, seeing Way fall, ran to a nearby store to telephone for help. Appellant did not testify at trial.
A pathologist testified for the State that the bullet entered the victim on her left side at the junction of the head and neck, about one-and-one-half inches from her left ear lobe, severing Way’s spinal cord. Based on the horizontal path of the bullet, the pathologist opined that the gun was held level with the victim’s body and that the shot was fired no more than a foot from the victim’s head. The pathologist testified that a person shot in this manner would lose consciousness immediately and would be unable to cock a revolver. The witness also detailed the bruises found on the victim’s body, which he stated had been sustained within 24 hours of her death.
Other expert testimony established that the fatal bullet was fired from the .22 caliber revolver found at her feet. The expert who examined the revolver testified that there was only a “very remote chance” that dropping it would cause it to cock and that in his opinion it would require some human agency to cock the weapon.
Appellant argues that the evidence outlined above required the trial court to charge the jury on the lesser included offense of involuntary manslaughter in the commission of an unlawful act. We do not agree. The essential elements of OCGA § 16-5-3 (a) are “first, intent to commit the unlawful act; and secondly, the killing of a human being without having so intended but as the proximate result of such intended unlawful act.” (Punctuation, citations, and emphasis omitted.) Grimes v. State, 199 Ga. App. 152, 153 (1) (404 SE2d 324) (1991). Appellant argues there was evidence from which the jury could have concluded that appellant was committing the unlawful act of reckless conduct, OCGA § 16-5-60 (b), when he attempted to lower the hammer on the revolver given to him by Way after she had earlier cocked the weapon, and that Way’s death was the proximate result of this intended unlawful act so as to render applicable a charge on involuntary manslaughter in the commission of an unlawful act.
Given the statements appellant made to the police, we cannot agree that the evidence would have authorized a jury to find that appellant was “disregarding a substantial and unjustifiable risk” of harm when he accepted or took the cocked and loaded revolver from Way. On the contrary, appellant’s statements indicate that he acted consciously to avoid the substantial risk of harm to himself and to Way that the cocked pistol posed, but that the manner in which he handled the revolver he received from Way was “without due caution and circumspection, resulting in culpable negligence,” Nutt v. State, 159 Ga. App. 46, 47 (282 SE2d 696) (1981), i.e., a lawful act committed in an unlawful manner under OCGA § 16-5-3 (b). There is no evidence in the case sub judice to support the conclusion that appellant’s handling of the revolver constituted reckless conduct or was in any manner unlawful. See Nutt, supra.
Contrary to the parties’ assumptions, Willis, supra, does not hold that OCGA § 16-5-3 (b) is inapplicable any time the victim is killed by the shooting of a gun. See Drake v. State, 221 Ga. 347, 348 (2) (144 SE2d 519) (1965) (accused shot deceased in hunting incident; evidence held to support charge under subsection (a) or (b) because jury could decide that accuséd either committed unlawful act of hunting deer out of season or committed lawful act of shooting at fox); Maloof v. State, 139 Ga. App. 787 (229 SE2d 560) (1976) (charge on subsection (b) required where evidence showed accused, who was handing cocked gun to victim, decided to let hammer down first while pointing
Although appellant has expressly disavowed requesting the trial court to charge the jury on OCGA § 16-5-3 (b), given the mandate of OCGA § 5-5-24 (c), out of an abundance of caution we have nevertheless reviewed the record. See Foskey v. State, 116 Ga. App. 334, 336 (157 SE2d 314) (1967). We hold that although such a charge would have been authorized by the evidence, the failure to charge the jury on involuntary manslaughter in the commission of a lawful act was not so blatantly apparent and prejudicial that it raised a question whether appellant was deprived of a fair trial because of it, see generally id., especially because the evidence adduced by the State authorized the jury to find beyond a reasonable doubt that appellant was guilty of voluntary manslaughter (the offense upon which the jury was instructed) under the standard set forth in Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U. S. 307 (99 SC 2781, 61 LE2d 560) (1979). See Massengale v. State, 189 Ga. App. 877-879 (377 SE2d 882) (1989).
Judgment affirmed.
We note that appellant withdrew and did not renew at any time his request for a charge on involuntary manslaughter in the commission of a lawful act. OCGA § 16-5-3 (b).
We note that reckless conduct is the only unlawful act indicated by appellant’s version