158 A. 583 | Pa. Super. Ct. | 1931
Argued October 6, 1931. Preparatory to laying a water main in Lena and Rittenhouse Streets in the City of Philadelphia, the *43 defendant corporation distributed along the east curb of the first named street a number of 24-inch iron water pipes, twelve feet in length and weighing about 800 pounds. Generally a single line of pipe was placed along and against the curb, but at the corners several sections were placed outside of, parallel with and touching those immediately against the curb, thus forming a double row for a short distance. The cartway of Lena Street was paved with brick and its crown was approximately two inches higher than the grade at the curb. The pipes were not blocked or secured in any way; they were kept in place only by their weight and the slightly ascending grade. St. Vincent's Parochial School is located at the southeast corner of Lena and Rittenhouse and there are several other public schools in the immediate vicinity. Soon after the pipes had been distributed, children attending these schools began playing in, around and over them. A favorite amusement for the boys was to push the outside pipe of one of the double rows up to the crown of the street and let it roll down against the pipe remaining at the curb, in order to "bang" one against the other.
During the noon intermission on November 12, 1925, Walter J. Chambers, the nine-year-old son of the plaintiff, while engaged with eight or nine companions in this sport, suffered the fatal accident which gave rise to this litigation. The lad "got up on the pipe" which he and his playmates had pushed some distance toward the middle of the street; as it rolled or was pushed back, with Walter walking or running upon it, he attempted to jump upon the stationary pipe, slipped, lost his balance, fell between the two pipes and received injuries from which he died within a few moments. His father, alleging that defendant had been negligent in placing the pipes upon a highway in front of a public school without taking adequate measures to prevent them from rolling, or being rolled or pushed *44 about, and in permitting them to remain there a month without warning of any kind to the pupils, brought this action to recover damages for the death of his son. It was also suggested that the period elapsing between the distribution of the pipes and the accident, during all of which time they were used by the children in their play, was sufficient to visit defendant with constructive notice that they were being so used.
There was no controversy about the facts; defendant offered no evidence but submitted a point for binding instructions; the trial judge, SMITH, P.J., refused the point and submitted the question of defendant's negligence to the jury in a charge no portion of which is assigned for error. The jury awarded plaintiff damages in the sum of $1,500; defendant filed three motions — (a) for judgment n.o.v., (b) a new trial, and (c) a reduction of the verdict to $233, the amount of the funeral expenses incurred by plaintiff. The court in banc, in an opinion by LAMBERTON, J., denied defendant's motions and directed judgment on the verdict; hence this appeal by defendant.
The questions raised by the assignments are whether appellant was entitled to binding instructions and, if not, whether there was sufficient evidence to sustain that portion of the verdict which is in excess of the funeral expenses. The case was not free from difficulty for a jury, but our inquiry is whether the plaintiff submitted a case entitling him to go to that tribunal.
We have been furnished with comprehensive and able briefs on both sides. Many of the cases cited and discussed may be eliminated as inapplicable under the evidence; for instance, those relating to attractive and inherently dangerous agencies, as well as those in which a child has been a trespasser upon private property, of which Thompson v. Railroad Co.,
There was evidence here that it was "the custom or usual practice of contractors in connection with the laying of iron water pipes or sewer pipes in the streets of the City of Philadelphia" of the size of these pipes to insert a "chock" or wedge under each end "to keep them from moving." This testimony distinguishes the case at bar from many of those cited and relied upon in behalf of appellant and each case, as it arises, must necessarily be disposed of upon its own governing facts. Preston v. Phila.,
Another argument for appellant is that no injury would have been caused if the pipes had been permitted to remain where they were placed and the effective cause therefore was the willful and persistent effort of the children in pushing the outside pipe into the cartway, coupled with the reckless and heedless act of the boy in attempting to ride upon the rolling pipe; but, as stated in the Euler case, the failure to block or make secure a potentially dangerous appliance is the proximate cause of the injury resulting to children playing with it. Reference may also be made to Taylor et al. v. DiSandro,
An additional contention is that plaintiff should not *47
be permitted to recover because he stated in his testimony that he had frequently noticed school children "crawling in and out and running over the top of" the pipes but did not go further and testify that he had warned his son against playing with them or had taken any other measures to protect him. He was not interrogated about the matter, nor was this question raised below. We are not persuaded appellant's argument is applicable in the case of a child nine years of age. The citation relied on, Westerberg et al. v. Railroad Co.,
Upon consideration of this record, we are of opinion that the question of appellant's negligence was for the jury and could not properly have been ruled in its favor as a matter of law. This disposes of the assignments complaining of the refusal of its point and denial of judgment n.o.v.
Appellant's final contention is that there was no evidence to sustain a verdict in excess of the amount of the funeral expenses. The jury was given the proper measure of damages, namely, the possible return plaintiff might have received from the earnings of his son, if he had lived, between the ages of sixteen and twenty-one, less the expenses of his board, clothing and maintenance from the age of nine until his majority. In Wilson v. Consolidated Dressed Beef Company,
Judgment affirmed.