Central of Georgia Railway Co. v. Barnett, 44 So. 392

ANDERSON, J.

Thе rule of evidence in permitting witnesses to give their opinion as to the value of property does not extend the right to testify as to the quantum of damages sustained. They can state the injuries, and even the value before and аfter the injury, and the damage would ordinarily be the difference; hut it seems, from the weight of authority, that the jury, and not the witness, should ascertain the quantum of damages suffered. — Montgomery & West Point R. R. v. Varner, 19 Ala. 185; Chandler v. Bush, 84 Ala. 102, 4 South. 207; Krebs v. Brown, 108 Ala. 510, 18 South. 659, 54 Am. St. Rep. 188; Young v. Cureton, 87 Ala. 727, 6 South. 352. It is true the evidence in the case of Krebs v. Broten, supra, was sanctioned by the court, because the witness ‍‌​‌​​‌​‌​‌​‌​​​‌‌​‌​‌​​‌​‌​‌‌​​‌​‌​‌‌​‌​​​​‌​‌‌‌‍stated that the destruction of the goods was total, and, as the damage was the value of the goods, the witness could testify as to the valuе and therefore the damage. The rule to which we adhere was laid down in the case of Montgomery & West Point R. R. v. Varner, supra, which has been frequently cited and approved, and is supported by some of the early text-writers, hut does not meet with the- apprоval of Mr. Wigmore in his valuable book on Evidence (section 194=2) ; but he admits the weight of authority to be in favor of the rule of the court. The test generally of the damages is the difference in the value of the property before аnd after the injury, and to which facts a nonexpert witness may testify; and it looks rather technical to hold that he-should not be permitted to make the mathecatical subtraction and testify to the damage sustained, yet it might ‍‌​‌​​‌​‌​‌​‌​​​‌‌​‌​‌​​‌​‌​‌‌​​‌​‌​‌‌​‌​​​​‌​‌‌‌‍be that the witnеss, in fixing the value of the damages, would not do so on the legal basis of the difference in the value before and after the injury, and the safer rule is for him to detail the facts tending to deteriorate the value of the property and let the jury fix the quantum of damages. The trial court erred in permitting the plaiutiff to testify as to the amount of damage done the injured mule and the wagon and harness; but, as one mule was killed, he could give his opinion, as he testified to its valuе, and there was a total destruction, and the damage was the value of the mule.

“That it is the duty of a person aрproaching the track of a railway for the purpose of crossing it to stop, and to look, and to listen, if need he1 — that is, if the exercise of the sense of sight does not suffice to fully disclose the situation for approаching trains — and that the omission of this duty, followed by injury in collision with a train, locomotive, or car while attempting thus heedlessly to cross over the track, is as matter of law negligence on the part, of the traveler so contributing to thе result as to defeat Ms action, counting on tlie injury as having been produced by the simple negligence of the railway company or its employes, are propositions of such universal acceptance, of such frequent declaration by this court, and of such obvious soundness that we shall neither discuss them nor cite authorities in supрort of them. It is equally clear on principle and authority that this duty must be performed at such time and place with reference to the particular situation in each case as will enable the traveler to accоmplish the purpose the law has in view in its imposition upon him. He must stop so near to the track, and his survey by sight and sound must so immediately precede his effort to cross over it, as to preclude ‍‌​‌​​‌​‌​‌​‌​​​‌‌​‌​‌​​‌​‌​‌‌​​‌​‌​‌‌​‌​​​​‌​‌‌‌‍the injection of an element of dаnger from approaching trains into the situation between the time he stopped, looked, and listened and his аttempt to proceed across the track. If he stops so far from the railway as that a train wdiich could not be seen from that point could and does reach the crossing by the time he has traversed the intervening distance and gotten on the track, he negligently contributes to the resulting collision and injury. And the same is true if, though he stop at the trаck, he lingers there after looking and listening, and delays crossing until a train not in sight or hearing when he stopped, looked, and listened has come meantime upon the scene and collides Avith him AA'lien he does attempt to cross.” — Central of Georgia Ry. Co. v. Fonhee, 125 Ala. 212, 27 South. 1006. Applying thеse principles, Ave think it clear that the stopping of the driver at the house 125 steps from the crossing did not relieAre him from stopping at some point nearer the crossing. It might be that he did not see or hear the train Avlien he stopрed, yet he could have seen, or at least heard, it if he had stopped at or very near the crossing. Indeеd, the eAddence shows that the train struck the mules as soon as they reached the track, and if the driver had stopped just for a moment, for the purpose of listening, whether he could have seen up the track or not, the train wоuld have closed the ‍‌​‌​​‌​‌​‌​‌​​​‌‌​‌​‌​​‌​‌​‌‌​​‌​‌​‌‌​‌​​​​‌​‌‌‌‍road, and the collision would have been avoided; and there can be no doubt but what the driver’s failure to stop at some point near the track, and just before driving thereon, contributed proximately to .the injury.

These views are not in conflict with the holding of a majority of the court in Central of Ga. R. R. v. Hyatt, 151 Ala. —, 43 South. 867. In that case there was evidence that the horse was running away, and from which the jury could infer that the intestate could no.t stop. Moreover, there was evidence from which the jury could infer that he could not have seen or head the train, had he stopped, аs the .rear train was making a greater noise, and it was dark, and there was evidence that the front engine was not lighted, and it was therefore a question ‍‌​‌​​‌​‌​‌​‌​​​‌‌​‌​‌​​‌​‌​‌‌​​‌​‌​‌‌​‌​​​​‌​‌‌‌‍for the jury to determine whether or not it was his duty to stop, and Avhether or not his failure tо do so so contributed proximately to his death. In the case at bar there was nothing to prevent the driver from stоpping, and, had he stopped, he evidently could have seen and heard the train; for with a moment’s delay on his рart the train would have rushed in sight before his team reached the railroad track.

The trial court erred in refusing the affirmative charge requested by the defendant.

Tyson, C. J., and Dowdell and McClellan, JJ., concur.

Case Details

Case Name: Central of Georgia Railway Co. v. Barnett

Court Name: Supreme Court of Alabama

Date Published: Jun 13, 1907

Citations: 44 So. 392; 151 Ala. 407; 1907 Ala. LEXIS 548

Court Abbreviation: Ala.