50 Mo. 225 | Mo. | 1872
delivered the opinion of the court.
' The defendants were sued in attachment upon a bond given by them, Johnson being principal, and Blalce and Sherrell as sureties, to plaintiff for the use of one of its school townships. One of the- sureties sets up as a defense that he gave the judges of the County Court notice in writing to commence suit against the principal according to the statute, and that such suit was not commenced within thirty days thereafter. The court held it to be no defense to the action, and this is the error assigned.
Section 1 (Wagn. Stat. 1302) of the act provides that any person bound as surety, etc., may require, in writing, the person having the right of action forthwith to commence suit against the principal; and section 2 provides that if it be not so commenced within thirty days he sháll be exonerated. Does this section apply to bonds due the State and county when the duty to bring suit devolves upon these ofiicers ? The affirmative is claimed by the counsel, so far as the bonds for school moneys are concerned, because they are not included in the exception made by section 4 of the act.
As to the bonds mentioned in section 4, the persons having the right of action are private persons or corporations, although the bonds may be given nominally to the State. It was necessary, then, to expressly exclude them from the operation of the first section. But bonds due the State or county for a public object are of a different character. No person has any special interest in this collection, and one who becomes a surety on such public bonds must hold himself ready to pay it if the principal fails. If he fears his insolvency he should pay the obligation and collect
Appellants claim that the phrase “ person having such right of action” includes counties, because of the provision in section 4 of article II, upon the construction of statutes (Wagn. Stat. 887), that the term “ party or person” shall include bodies corporate. They are not even municipal corporations, although called quasi corporations, because they have a semi-corporate organization. They are political divisions of the State, with certain officers upon whom the law imposes specific local duties in furtherance of the ends of government. I have never known a case in this State, or elsewhere, in which counties or townships have been included in’ the term “ bodies corporate,” or any term of like import. (See State v. County Court of St. Louis County, 34 Mo. 546; Barton County v. Walser, 47 Mo. 189.)
Even if the county could be called a body corporate, it has no interest in the school funds. They are not the property of the county and cannot be applied to any county use. The county is made the nominal payee of the bonds given for school moneys, but not for the use of the county, or any of its political or municipal subdivisions, but only for that of the people of the geographical townships organized into school districts ; it is they, and not the county, that are severally interested in these bonds, and yet without the power to enforce their collection. The County Court, it is true, has the custody of these school funds, yet not for the county, but for the people of these several districts. The court is so far not a county agent, and the fact that the bonds for the moneys loaned are made payable to the county gives it no interest in them, or any “ right of action ” founded upon them. The person having the right of 'action is the individual or body corporate directly interested in the collection of the instrument, and who has the power of entering suit, and the statute does not refer to obligations given for public uses.
the judgment will be affirmed.