92 Ala. 71 | Ala. | 1890
The defendant was convicted of the offense of miscegenation, and sentenced to the penitentiary for three years. During the trial, the defendant introduced testimony to prove his general good character. On cross-examination, a witness was asked by the solicitor, “Do you know the general character of defendant about women ? and if so, what is that character ?” the witness replied, “that he did from what was said about it, and that his general character about women was, from what was said about it, that he was foolishly fond of women.” The evidence was objected to by the defendant, and a motion to exclude it from the jury was overruled.
General character is the reputation one has made in the community in which he resides — the resultant of his general walk and conversation. It can not be shown by proof of particular acts of good or bad conduct. The knowledge necessary to render a witness primafaeie competent to testify of good or bad character, has been often passed upon in this State. Hussey v. State, 87 Ala. 121; Haley v. State, 63 Ala. 85; Childs v. State, 55 Ala. 28; Hadley v. State, Ib. 31, and references.
Good character may generate a reasonable doubt of guilt upon the principle, that it is unlikely that a person of good character would commit the act charged. On cross-examination, or by other witnesses’ testimony in rebuttal of that, evidence tending to prove good character is admissible. Proof of particular facts or acts is not in rebuttal. To be in rebuttal it must be that which affects the general character testified to, counterbalancing or weakening the presumption, arising from the evidence adduced of good character.
A person on trial for an affray may prove his general good character, or his good character as a peaceable, law-abiding man. In rebuttal, it may be shown that his reputation is that of a quarrelsome, fighting man. If tried for adultery, and the defendant offers in evidence proof of general good character, it may be shown in rebuttal that defendant’s reputation for virtue is bad, or that his general reputation is that of a fornicator, or an adulterer. This would be in rebuttal, and tend to overcome the presumption of innocence arising from good character. There could be no misunderstanding of such evidence, and the legal inference to be drawn from such proof. But what presumption can arise from a reputation of being
The witness should have explained in what sense the expression was used; and if the explanation had shown that the general character of the defendant for virtue and morality was bad, or that he was generally known as a man of lewd desires and lecherous habits, the testimony would have been competent ; but, standing alone, it was prima faoie, irrelevant and illegal, and its admission may have unjustly prejudiced the defendant before the jury. When irrelevant testimony is admitted in a criminal trial, against the objection of the defendant, it will work a reversal, unless it affirmatively appears that the effect was to benefit the defendant. — Maxwell v. State, 89 Ala. 164.
The charge requested by the defendant, was properly refused. There is no evidence in the record tending to show that the State’s witness contradicted herself. In this respect, the charge was abstract. Furthermore, it is not every contradiction of a witness, which has the effect to impeach. The contradiction must be on a material point.
For the error in not excluding illegal evidence, the case must be reversed.
Reversed and remanded.