228 F. 636 | 6th Cir. | 1916
Oliphant recovered a verdict and judgment against the company for personal injuries suffered while in its employ. At the close of Oliphant’s evidence, which was all that was offered, the company moved that a verdict be directed in its favor. The motion was overruled, exception reserved, and the only assignment presented here is that “the court erred in overruling the motion * * * to direct tire jury to render a verdict for the defendant.”
“A form is first put into tlie flasks to make the impression of the exterior surface of the pipe; then the form is taken out and a core, consisting of a hollow metal pipe, also covered with damp sand, is put into the flask. The diameter of the core being less than that of the form with which the first impression was ma<Je, there is a hollow space left between the outside of the core and the sand in the flask; and into this space the melted iron is poured through the ‘gates’ or openings left in the sand for that purpose, and thus the pipe is formed around the core or arbor.”
It will thus be seen that, while the molten iron comes into contact with the entire damp sand coating of the core, it cannot do so with any part of the interior metal pipe unless the coating, is imperfect; and it is quite plain that neither the condition of the sand nor the extent of the coating is visible to a person engaged in pouring hot iron through one of the gates. Oliphant had nothing to do with preparing the. green sand core or any part of the contents of the flask. It was necessary that four persons should unite in pouring melted iron from hand ladles through the gates; and after everything had been prepared for the operation Oliphant was called from another part of the foundry to assist in the pouring.
The evidence tends to show that the operation is dangerous, when the sand coating of the core is either too damp or the interior metal pipe is not fully and adequately covered; that for some two years previous to the injuries plaintiff was working as a molder where dry sand cores, though not where green sand cores, were used; and that there is a marked difference between the dangers attending these two kinds of molding. One way in which this difference is described is that the danger incident to green sand core molding is from “explosion,” while that attending dry sand core molding is from a “blow”; the first being sudden, while tire other is gradual. The dry sand core is composed of a mixture of sand and other materials, though rarely of iron within the mixture; and before the dry cbre is used it is placed in an oven and baked. When the molten iron is poured into tire
Plaintiff gained his experience in dry core work while in the employ of this company, and shortly before the accident the company placed him in charge of the dry core floor with an increase in compensation. However, he was always subject to the orders of the foreman of the foundry department; and it was this foreman who ordered him to assist in the pouring in question. There is conflict in the testimony as to the time plaintiff rendered such service, he testifying that it was from.two to four days and the foreman that it was about two weeks; but it is not disputed that the time required for each day’s pouring did not exceed fifteen minutes. The new service then may be said to have lasted only from one hour to three hours. The foundry comprises something like 22 “floors,” as they are called; and the only floor on which the wet process was conducted was the place where plaintiff was injured. The distance between that floor and the floor occupied by plaintiff while working in the dry process is variously estimated to he from SO feet to more than 50 steps, with a wall intervening and having an opening of about 20 feet. The plaintiff testifies, however, that lie had no knowledge of the danger attending the wet process until after he was injured; and concededly he was at no time instructed or warned in respect of the danger.
The grounds stated in support of the motion to direct, in substance, were (1) that the danger of explosion was incident to the business; (2) that Oliphant was an experienced molder, and did not request or need instructions or warning with respect to pouring molten iron; and (3) that there was no evidence to warrant a finding that the company was guilty of negligence which either caused or contributed to the injury. These grounds in effect concede plaintiff’s employment and injury, the dangerous character of the particular service, and ihe failure of the master to give instructions or warning to the plaintiff.
Judge Sanford felt constrained to submit the case to the jury upon the single question:
“Whether or not the defendant negligently failed to give the plaintiff any warning as to the danger oí explosions of the molten metal in the work in. which he was engaged when injured.”
The charge was comprehensive as respects the admitted facts, the tendency of the conflicting features of the testimony, and the theories respectively upon which the plaintiff presented his case and the company urged its defense. This was also true of the burden of proof, and of the rules of law which the court deemed applicable to each phase of the case — as, for instance, the rules respecting the acts and omissions of fellow servants and the plaintiff’s assumption of risk. No exception was taken to any part of the charge, and it is therefore to be accepted as containing correct instructions upon every question to which the evidence gave rise.
The judgment is affirmed, with costs.