49 Mo. App. 319 | Mo. Ct. App. | 1892
On October 11, 1887, the plaintiff became the purchaser of certain lands in Carter county,' which were on that day sold by the sheriff under an execution issued upon a judgment for the taxes assessed against the land for the year 1885. The legal title to the land, as it appeared from the records, was vested in Frederick Phillips, who was named as a party defendant in the tax suit, and publication was had against him.. The defendants are the heirs-at-law of Frederick Phillips, and, at the October term, 1890, of the circuit court of Carter county, they recovered from the plaintiff the possession of the land by judgment of ouster in an ejectment suit. The plaintiff’s tax title failed for the reason that Frederick Phillips was dead at the time the tax suit was instituted. Subsequent to the sale under the tax judgment, and prior to the
The present action was instituted by the plaintiff for the purpose of recovering the amount bid by him at the tax sale, and also the taxes subsequently paid by him. The petition set forth the above facts. The circuit court sustained a demurrer to the petition, and, the plaintiff refusing to plead further, final judgment was entered on the demurrer. The plaintiff has brought the case to this court by appeal.
We are of the opinion that the demurrer was rightly sustained. The rule of caveat emptor applies to the purchase of land at a tax sale. The purchaser must beware of what he purchases. He either gets the land or nothing. Where, as in this case, he gets nothing by his purchase, the circumstances may be such as to create an equity in his favor for reimbursement to the extent to which his money discharged the taxes rightly assessed against the land, but it is only a bare equity and not enforceable in the absence of a statute on the subject. A like equity exists in favor of every purchaser at execution sale who fails to get title. Mr. Black in his work on tax titles says: “Amere purchase of land at a tax sale gives no lien enforceable in equity for the reimbursement of the money paid. But, when the tax title proves defective, the statutes of several states create a lien in favor of the purchaser for the amount of the price paid, either generally or in special cases.” Black on Tax Titles, sec. 266. Judge Cooley thus states the rule: “The tax purchaser buys, therefore, under the operation of the rule caveat emptor, and under common-law rules would get nothing unless he got the land itself; but undoubtedly he has an
As to the payment of the taxes for the year 1888 and 1889 the plaintiff was a mere volunteer. The taxes were paid by the plaintiff without request, either
There are exceptions to this rule, but the present case cannot be brought within any of the exceptions. It cannot be taken out of the rule upon the idea that the taxes were paid under a mistake of ownership. u says Judge Cooley, “ as to the remedy in cases in which parties have paid taxes under a supposition that they weré the owners, which afterwards proved to be erroneous, are different in different states. In some states such a payment would not only give the party paying a right of action against the owner of the land, but would also give him a hen upon the land for his security. But there is no general rule to this effect, and in the absence of any statute on the subject the ruling of the federal supreme court would be fohowed, that ignorance of the law in respect to title and good faith in the payment of taxes will not sustain an action where the payment has been voluntary, without any request from the true owners of the land, and with a full knowledge of all the facts.” Cooley on Taxation, pp. 467-8. The decision of the court in the ease of Napton v. Seaton, 71 Mo. 358, 369, is in harmony with the law ns stated by Judge Cooley. That was a suit in ejectment, and it appeared that the defendant had in good
The payment by one tenant in common of all taxes rightly assessed against the common property, where his cotenant fails to contribute his share, forms an exception to the rule. The paying tenant cannot be treated as a mere volunteer in the payment of the tax by reason of his actual interest in the property itself. The case of Union Ry. & Trans. Co. v. Skinner, 9 Mo. App. 189, 199, presented such a state of facts, and the affirmance of the decree of the circuit court could well have been arrested on this principle.
So a mortgagee may pay the taxes on the mortgaged premises, when the mortgagor has defaulted in their payment. He has the right to preserve his security. But even in such a case the supreme court has decided (Horrigan v. Wellmuth, 77 Mo. 542) that his claim for such taxes must be enforced as a part of the mortgage debt, and not otherwise, In other words, if the mortgage is satisfied without the adjustment of the claim, the mortgagee would not be permitted to maintain an independent action for debt against the mortgagor, or an action in equity for the enforcement of the tax hen by virtue of the law of subrogation.
the judgment of the circuit court will be affirmed. It will be so ordered.