127 Mass. 153 | Mass. | 1879
The plaintiff holds a policy on his own life, issued by the defendant, dated in August 1866, and payable to a person named in it in case of the plaintiff’s death within ten years, but to the plaintiff if he should survive that period. It is termed an endowment policy. It contains an express condition, “ that, if any premium due upon this policy shall not be paid at the day when the same is payable, this policy shall thereupon become forfeited and void; this condition, however, being subject to the provisions of the 186th chapter of the acts of the Legislature of Massachusetts in the year 1861, entitled ‘ An Act to regulate the forfeitures of policies of life insurance.’ ”
The plaintiff paid in cash, or by his own notes, all the several annual premiums except the last one, due in August 1875. This he "did not pay. The company had due notice that the plaintiff had survived the period of ten years named in the policy. The question to be decided is whether, notwithstanding his failure to pay the last premium, he is now entitled to recover the amount of the insurance. This depends on the effect to be given to the reference in the policy to the St. of 1861.
It is not necessary, in deciding this case, to consider the question whether the St. of 1861 applies, by its own force, to endowment insurance policies, so called, because the forfeiture clause in the plaintiff’s policy is, in terms, made subject to the conditions of that statute. The only question, therefore, is as to the construction to be given to the forfeiture clause, thus qualified.
It is to be observed, however, that the purpose of the statute is merely to establish a rule which shall enable the assured to reap the full benefit of premiums paid before default on his part, and, at the same time, to secure to the insurance company, in case it is obliged to pay, the full amount of the premiums which the terms of the policy call for. It is not the purpose of the statute to make a new contract between the parties, nor to make any change in the time when the amount of the policy becomes payable. Mo difficulty of construction arises when the statute is to be applied to a policy for life, without the endowment feature. Such policy is payable on the death of the assured; and the language of the statute is equivalent to saying, “ If'the event, on the happening of which the policy becomes payable, occurs during the term of temporary insurance, the company shall be bound to pay.” As applied to- a pure life policy, the words of the statute cannot have any other meaning than this; and, when the statute provisions are adopted in an endowment policy, for the purpose of qualifying the forfeiture clause, the clause, thus qualified, is to be so construed as to give to the assured its full benefit, without altering any other provision of the policy, if this can be done without violating any rule of law. In the endowment policy, the expiration of ten years from its date is the occurrence of an event on the happening of which the policy
The result is, that, as the plaintiff survived the period of ten years, and duly notified the defendant of that fact, and the value of the policy when he failed to pay the premium was sufficient to furnish a premium for a temporary insurance for a term extending beyond the expiration of the ten years, he is entitled to recover, and the defendant is bound to pay the amount of the policy, less the amount due from him to the defendant. No objection having been made to the amount of the judgment of the Superior Court, if the plaintiff is entitled to recover anything, the entry must be Judgment affirmed.