294 F. 515 | 2d Cir. | 1923
The complaint alleges that plaintiff “is a citizen of the state of New York and a resident of the borough, of Manhattan, New York City”; that defendant National Shipping Corporation “is a corporation duly organized and existing by virtue of the laws of the state of Delaware,” and that it has its principal office in New York City; that defendant Carden is “a citizen of the state of Texas,” at present residing at Bayshore, Long Island, in the state of New York; that defendant Herd “is a resident of the state of New York and a citizen of the state of New York.”
The suit is brought by a minority stockholder of defendant corporation on behalf of himself and all other stockholders similarly situated, and the complaint alleges that defendant Carden is the owner of a ma
The prayer of the complaint asks, among other things, the following relief:
“Wherefore plaintiff demands judgment that the defendants George A. Garden and Anderson T. Herd account for all. money and funds received by them for and on account of the defendant National Shipping Corporation, that the damages which the defendant National Shipping Corporation has sustained by reason of the matters and things heretofore stated and set forth may be ascertained and determined, and that said defendants George A. Carden and Anderson T. Herd be adjudged and decreed to pay said sum or sums to the defendant National Shipping Corporation.”
It will be noted from the foregoing that, from the structure of the complaint as drawn and the prayer for relief, plaintiff demands judgment that defendant Carden and Herd account for all money and funds received by them for or on acount of the defendant corporation. The complaint is so drawn that there is not a severable controversy in respect of defendant Herd. Horn v. Lockhart, 17 Wall. 570, 21 L. Ed. 657. It thus appears that plaintiff and one of the defendants — i. e., Herd — are citizens of the same state. Under section 24 of the Judicial Code of the United States (Comp. St. §>' 991) it is provided:
“The District Courts shall have original jurisdiction as follows: First. Of all suits of a civil nature at common law or in equity, * * * where the matter in controversy * * * (b) is between citizens of different states.”
The District Court has not jurisdiction where the plaintiff is a citizen of one state and one of three defendants is a citizen of the same state. The question is fully discussed by Mr. Justice Clifford in Case of the Sewing Machine Companies, 18 Wall. 553, 21 L. Ed. 914. See, also, Ayres v. Wiswall, 112 U. S. 187, 5 Sup. Ct. 90, 28 L. Ed. 693 and New Jersey Central Railroad Co. v. Mills, 113 U. S. 249, 5 Sup. Ct. 456, 28 L. Ed. 949. There are other cases in the Suprenje Court and many, cases in the federal courts below. One of the recent cases is Hamer et al. v. New York Railways Co. et al., 244 U. S. 266, 37 Sup. Ct. 511, 61 L. Ed. 1125, where the Supreme Court aligned the parties in accordance with what it regarded as their true interest, and, as this resulted in one of the defendants being aligned as plaintiff and the party thus aligned being of the same citizenship as defendant, the Supreme Court held that the District Court did not have jurisdiction. The facts, as alleged in the complaint, bring the case at bar within the principle of East Tennessee, etc., Railroad v. Grayson, 119 U. S. 240, 7
It is now elementary that jurisdiction must appear upon the face of the record, and, if the Appellate Court finds that jurisdiction does not so appear, then it is the duty of the appellate court to dispose of the case accordingly. Mr. Justice Matthews, in M., C. & L. M. Railway Co. v. Swan, 111 U. S. 379, at page 382, 4 Sup. Ct. 510, at page 511 (28 L. Ed. 462), said:
“It is true that the plaintiffs below, against whose objection the error was committed, do not complain oí being prejudiced by it, and it seems to be an anomaly and a hardship that the party at whose instance it was committed should be permitted to derive an advantage from it; but the rule, springing from the nature and limits of the judicial power of the United States, is inflexible and without exception, which requires this court, of its own motion, to deny its own jurisdiction, and in the exercise of its appellate power, that of all other courts of the United States, in all cases where such jurisdiction does not affirmatively appear in the record on which, in the exercise of that power, it is called to act. On every writ of error or appeal, the first and fundamental question is that of jurisdiction, first of this court, and then of the court from which the record comes. This question the court is bound to ash and answer for itself, even when not otherwise suggested, and without respect to the relation of the parties to it.”
Many other cases hold to the same effect, and in Snead v. Sellers et al., 66 Fed. 371, 13 C. C. A. 518, the court, referring to the Swan Case, supra, said:
“The last-cited case * * * also declares the duty of the appellate court in cases where it does not appear upon the record that the Circuit Court has jurisdiction.”
In the case at bar, defendants Carden and National Shipping Corporation moved to dismiss upon certain grounds, but d'id not raise the point of jurisdiction. Defendant Herd interposed an answer, and did not move to dismiss. It is also elementary that, where jurisdiction depends upon diversity of citizenship, it cannot be conferred by consent, and thus the failure of Herd to move to dismiss for want of jurisdiction, and the interposition of an answer by him, does not in any way affect or cure the complete lack oí jurisdiction.
As the appropriate decree was not made below, it must be reversed, but, without costs, and the District Court is instructed to dismiss the complaint for want of jurisdiction, with costs.
