37 La. Ann. 100 | La. | 1885
Lead Opinion
On Motion to Dismiss.
The opinion of the Court was delivered by
The defendant and appellee charges:
1. That the matter in dispute herein does not exceed two thousand dollars.
2. That the constitutionality of no act of the legislature imposing any tax, toll, or impost whatever, is drawn in question in this case.
The suit was brought before a citjr court to recover $23.40 from defendant, for toll said tobe due the Carondelet Canal and Navigation Co., under Act. No. 160 of 1857.
The defendant excepted on tlie grounds that there is no such corporation in existence as the Carondelet Canal and Navigation Company, that the late Company is defunct, by Act 86 of 1884, and that the plaintiffs have no standing in court.
The city court maintained the exception and dismissed the suit. From this judgment, the plaintiffs have taken this appeal which the defendant and appellee now seeks to have dismissed.
The defense is clearly that the toll claimed is not due, because not authorized by existing law, therefore illegal, and because plaintiffs are a myth and have no existence.
The Constitution explicitly provides, that this court shall have appellate jurisdiction over cases (among others) in which the constitutionality or legality of any tax, toll, or impost whatever shall be in contestation, whatever may he the amount thereof, and in such cases, the appeal, on the law and on the fact, shall be directly from the court in ■which the case originated to the Supreme Court; Const. 81.
It is, therefore, indifferent whether the toll claimed exceed or not $2000.
There can be no doubt, as claimed, that this court has, as a rule, no appellate jurisdiction over cases involving the constitutionality of an act of the Legislature, where the matter in dispute does not exceed $2000 ; but this is not so, where the constitution has, in derogation of the rule, specially vested it with jurisdiction over a certain class of cases, regardless of the amount involved', though less than two thousand dollars.
The ruling invoked in 9 Ann., 65, was made in 1854, while the constitution of 1852 was in force, which did not confer appellate jurisdiction on the then Supreme Court, in cases of toll charged with illegality, regardless of amount; Art. 62.
The Constitution of 1868 operated a change, by giving'the jurisdiction, whatever was the amount claimed. (Art 74).
The change was maintained in the present Constitution (Art. 81), which expressly confers such jurisdiction, whatever the amount involved be, in such cases.
It is only on the trial of the exceptions that the issue raised by them can be inquired into. This cannot be done on the motion to dismiss. In the meantime, the court maintains its jurisdiction over the case, as presented by the pleadings.
Motion denied.
In this case, the constitutionality of Act No. 86 of 1884, involving grave rights of the State being involved, we are indisposed to determine the question, without giving an opportunity to the State to be heard.
It is, therefore, ordered that notice be given to the Attorney General of the pendency of this appeal, and that a delay of one week be allowed him, to file such brief herein as he may desire.
Opinion on the Merits
The plaintiff ^corporation sues for the collection of a toll claimed as due to it under the provisions of its charter.
It was met by the following exception on the part of defendant, viz: “ That there is no such corporation in existence as the Carondelet Canal and Navigation Company; that the late Carondelet Canal and Navigation Company is defunct by Act No. 86 of the General Assembly of the State of Louisiana of 1884, and therefore, plaintiff cannot stand in judgment.”
This exception was sustained in the lower court, plaintiff’s demand was rejected, and from this judgment the present appeal is taken.
The unconstitutionality of Act No. 86 of 1884 is” assigned as destructive of the exception.
Section 20 of Act 160 of 1857, being the charter of plaintiff, provided: “That this corporation shall have existence for and during the term of twenty-five years, from and after the 17th day of October next; provided, that the State shall have the right to take possession of said Canal Carondelet and fiayou St. John, and all the property and improvements connected therewith at the expiration of the term above mentioned, should the legislature determine so to do, upon paying to this corporation the value of said property, to be appraised by five competent persons as experts, two to be appointed by the corporation and two by the Governor, and the four thus appointed shall appoint a fifth; said experts shall be required to take an oath to discharge their duty faithfully. In the event that the State shall not determine to take possession of the property, as herein provided, then this corporation shall be in existence for twenty-five years from and after the expiration of the term above mentioned, etc.”
In 1858, the General Assembly passed a supplementary Act No. 74, the fourth section of which provided: “ That the said company shall enjoy corporate succession during fifty years from this date, after which time it may revert to the State, etc.”
This last act contained no repealing clause. The question whether it operated an implied repeal of the privilege reserved to the State to bane possession at the end of twenty-five years, need not be here discussed. It seems clear enough that, whether that privilege was preserved and exercised or not, the terms of the last act were sufficient to continue the mere corporate existence for fifty years.
As the exception raises no other question than continued corporate existence, it is obviously without merit, unless sustained by the provisions of Act No. 86 of 1884.
The statute may be regarded in two lights, viz: 1. As operating a repeal of the charter of the Canal and Navigation Company and thus terminating its corporate existence; 2. As authorizing and directing the Governor to take possession of the Bayou and Canal and to have them administered for the State.
So far as the last aspect is concerned, it is not pretended that the Governor has taken possession, and his right to do so under the act or otherwise, is one exclusively between the State and the corporation, the decision of which ma5r abide the issue between them, and which is no affair of defendant.
The defendant, under his exception, has no concern with this act except in so far as it affects the corporate existence of plaintiff.
From this point of view, the act stands before us as a bare and naked legislative repeal of a corporate charter.
That the plaintiff’s charter possesses all the features of a contract is so patent on the face of the acts granting the same as not to admit of dispute.
Hence, as a mere repealing act, the act 86 of 1884 is in flagrant violation of Art. 447 Civil Code aud Art. 105 of the Constitution of 1852, in force at tire date of the contract, of Art. 155 of the presenc Constitution and of Section 10, Article 1, of the Constitution of the United States. This leaves the defendant’s exception without support.
Appreciating the interest of the State in the questions involved, we caused the Attorney General to be notified of the pendency of this suit and invited him to file a brief in protection of the State. He concluded, no doubt wisely, that the State’s rights were not necessarily involved in the decision of this controversy. We have striven to avoid, as far as possible, any preclusion of the rights of the State and to confine ourselves to the sole question the decision of which was essential in the instant case.
It is, therefore; ordered, adjudged and decreed that the judgment appealed from be annulled, avoided and reversed, and, it is now decreed that the exception filed by defendant in the lower court be overruled and that the cause be remanded to the lower court to be there proceeded with according to law.