211 Conn. 78 | Conn. | 1989
The dispositive issue in this zoning appeal is whether the plaintiffs’ failure to allege newspaper publication of the notice of the zoning decision from which they appealed deprived the trial court of subject matter jurisdiction.
The background of this case is not in dispute. On December 9, 1987, the plaintiffs, Joseph J. Cardoza, Jr., and Lina Cardoza, filed an appeal from the granting of a zone change by the defendant zoning commission of the city of Bridgeport on November 30, 1987. The plaintiffs claimed aggrievement on the basis of their ownership of property within 100 feet of the boundary line of the subject property. Although notice of the zoning commission’s decision was published in the Bridgeport Post on December 4, 1987, the plaintiffs did not allege this fact in their complaint. The defendant Gus Associates, a contract purchaser from the owner defendants, Ramon Feliciano and Iraida Feliciano, moved to dismiss the plaintiffs’ appeal on the ground, among others, of lack of subject matter jurisdiction. The defendant Gus Associates relied on the pro
The court, in its memorandum of decision on the motion to dismiss, acted on the first ground raised, that the appeal was brought prematurely under the notice of publication provisions of § 8-8 (a). The court stated: “The plaintiffs’ complaint fails to allege any publication of the Commission’s action. Publication is one step required by Sec. 8-3 (d), C.G.S. to make the change of zone effective. Hyatt v. Zoning Boards of Appeals, 163 Conn. 379, [386-88, 311 A.2d 77 (1972)]. If the decision of the Commission is not effective until published, Akin v. Norwalk, 163 Conn. 68, [301 A.2d 258 (1972),] in a timely fashion as provided by the statute, then no one is aggrieved until the statute is complied with as to publication. The court concludes that the time to appeal commences with publication. Since the plaintiffs fail to allege publication of the November 30,1987 zone change action, they have not alleged a basis for aggrievement which would be founded on timely publication.” The court then granted the defendant Gus Associates’ motion to dismiss,
The authority cited by the court and the defendants is not in dispute. Failure to publish a notice of decision within the applicable time constraints renders the decision of a zoning commission void. See Hyatt v. Zoning Board of Appeals, supra, 386-87 (appeals from decisions of zoning boards of appeal under General Statutes §§ 8-7 and 8-8); Akin v. Norwalk, supra, 73-74 (the time limitation imposed by General Statutes § 8-28 for the publication of decisions of a planning commission). The fifteen day appeal period commences on the date of publication. General Statutes § 8-8 (a); Bridgeport Bowl-O-Rama, Inc. v. Zoning Board of Appeals, 195
The cases cited, however, have no bearing on the narrow issue before this court. We note the unusual posture of the motion to dismiss in this case.
We turn first to our Practice Book. Form 204.8 is entitled “Appeal from Zoning Board of Appeals.” It provides in pertinent part:
“2. The board granted (or denied) the application and notice of such decision was duly published in a newspaper.
“3. The plaintiff is aggrieved by the decision of the board (or owns land within 100 feet of the land involved in the decision).”
Paragraph two of the form alleges that notice of the decision was “duly” published, but the absence of the date of publication may be considered to be substantially the same defect as that alleged in this case. The plaintiffs also point out three other sections of the General Statutes containing requirements that must be met before certain actions become “effective”: (1) General Statutes § 8-3 (d) (filing of a copy of zone change in the office of the town clerk); (2) General Statutes § 8-3 (a) (notice of a public hearing on the establishment or change of a zoning regulation or boundary); and (3) General Statutes § 8-7 (granting of an exception or variance by zoning board of appeals effective upon the filing a copy thereof in the office of the town clerk).
In Huhta v. Zoning Board of Appeals, 151 Conn. 694, 698-99, 202 A.2d 139 (1964), we emphasized the importance of a factual basis for a jurisdictional attack on a zoning appeal: “The defendants have attempted to raise in this court the question of the jurisdiction of the Court of Common Pleas to entertain the plaintiffs’ appeal, asserting that, since it appears in the record that the decision of the board of appeals was made on July 25, 1961, and the plaintiffs’ appeal is dated August 10, 1961, the appeal was not timely. It is true that whenever the absence of jurisdiction is brought to the notice of the court, cognizance of the fact must be taken and the matter determined. Bardes v. Zon
In Chestnut Realty, Inc. v. Commission on Human Rights & Opportunities, 201 Conn. 350, 514 A.2d 749 (1986), the defendant commission claimed that the Superior Court lacked jurisdiction over the appeal from the commission’s decision. The commission argued that the plaintiff improperly commenced its appeal by using Practice Book Form 103.1 (JD-CV-1), a writ of summons, which was prohibited by Practice Book § 49. Id., 354-55. We noted the necessity for strict compliance with the statutory provisions authorizing appeals from administrative agencies, but determined that “[t]he use of an improper form to commence an appeal . . . presents a different situation.” Id., 356. We held that “[a]s long as it contains a proper citation, signed by a competent authority, its use does not call into question the jurisdiction of the Superior Court to entertain the appeal. See General Statutes § 4-183 (b). Practice Book Form 204.7 merely establishes a method of service upon the administrative agency in a manner different from other civil actions, to wit, by registered or certified mail. See Public Acts 1979, No. 79-163. If the form . . . clearly apprises all concerned that a law
Similarly, we conclude in this case that the failure to allege the fact and date of publication in the plaintiffs’ complaint is not a jurisdictional defect requiring dismissal of the appeal.
There is error, the judgment of dismissal is set aside and the case is remanded to the Superior Court for further proceedings.
In this opinion the other justices concurred.
The plaintiffs also cited a second issue concerning two claimed procedural irregularities in the defendant Gus Associates’ motion to dismiss. In view of our disposition of the main issue in the case we do not reach these claimed procedural defects.
After judgment the plaintiffs filed a motion for articulation inquiring whether the court dismissed the appeal because it was commenced prior to newspaper publication of the decision appealed from or because the plaintiffs failed to plead newspaper publication. A copy of the publication of notice referred to above was attached to the motion. The court denied further articulation.
Although neither the memorandum of decision nor the judgment stated that the appeal was dismissed for lack of subject matter jurisdiction, the court acted upon a motion based on such a claim and the parties agree that this was the basis of the dismissal of the appeal.
On October 11,1988, more than two months after this appeal was filed, the defendant Gus Associates moved to dismiss the appeal for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. Gus Associates claimed that under General Statutes § 8-8 (d), appeals from rulings of the trial court on motions to dismiss must be taken within seven days of the entry of the trial court’s order. Since the plaintiffs failed to file their appeal within seven days of the trial court’s order, Gus Associates argued that the plaintiffs’ appeal was jurisdiction-ally defective. We denied the motion to dismiss without prejudice to renewal at the time of full hearing.
We need not decide under the facts of this case whether the plaintiffs’ appeal was timely filed under § 8-8. In Giordano Construction Co. v. Ross, 182 Conn. 577, 579, 438 A.2d 772 (1980), we held that “[t]he fact that the appeal statute specifies a time period in which to take an appeal does not mean that an appeal taken beyond the specified time is void. The untimely filing of an appeal is merely an irregularity and not a jurisdictional defect.” Since the failure to comply with a statutory time limit for filing an appeal constitutes an irregularity in the filing of an appeal rather than a jurisdictional defect, Gus Associates’ motion to dismiss should have been filed within ten days of the filing of the appeal. Practice Book § 4056; LaReau v. Reincke, 158 Conn. 486, 495, 264 A.2d 576 (1969). Having failed to file its motion to dismiss within ten days after the appeal was filed, Gus Associates is deemed to have waived any claim that the appeal is defective as untimely filed. Its motion to dismiss, therefore, is denied.
In the light of our disposition of this case, a motion to strike (Practice Book § 151) is the appropriate motion to attack the plaintiffs’ failure to allege the fact and date of publication in their complaint. If granted, a substitute pleading may be filed pursuant to Practice Book § 157.