145 Minn. 292 | Minn. | 1920
Appeal from an order denying a new trial after the dismissal of an action for damages for the wrongful acts of the defendant, alleged in the complaint as follows:
Plaintiff is engaged in business at Mankato in this state as a confectioner and retail dealer in cigars and conducts a pool-room in connection therewith. Defendant is a business competitor. For two or three years prior to the commencement of this action defendant has endeavored to destroy plaintiff’s business and compel him to abandon it. To accomplish his purpose, he purchased the building occupied by plaintiff under a lease and began an action to dispossess him on the ground that he permitted gambling on the demised premises in violation of the covenants in the lease. After the action was finally determined in this court (Zotalis v. Cannellos, 138 Minn. 179, 164 N. W. 807, L.R.A. 1918A, 1066), without warrant of law, he caused plaintiff to be evicted from the building. Each of these acts was malicious and intended to injure plaintiff in his business. Later, when plaintiff had made a profitable sale of part of his business, defendant maliciously interfered with the .sale and induced the purchaser “to back out,” to plaintiff’s loss and damage. Still later, when plaintiff had agreed on a sale to another purchaser of the same part of his business, defendant endeavored to persuade the purchaser to break the contract of sale, representing to him that plaintiff would cheat him if he dealt with him, and offering to pay money to a relative of the purchaser if he would break up the impending sale. It is not alleged the defendant’s interference caused this sale to fall through.
The complaint also contains a general allegation that, in other ways not specified, defendant wrongfully interfered with plaintiff’s business,
It then alleges that defendant slandered plaintiff by charging him with being “crooked,” and that the charge was made for the purpose of injuring plaintiff in Ms business.
Defendant interposed an answer contaimng a general deMal, an admission of the purchase of the building referred to, and an allegation that the judgment in Zotalis v. Cannellos was a bar to a claim for damages for the alleged wrongful eviction of plaintiff from the building. The reply was a general denial.
At the opening of the trial, defendant moved that plaintiff be required to elect upon which of the two claims stated in the complaint he would rely for a recovery, and also objected to the introduction of any evidence in support of the complaint insofar as it charged him with having slandered the plaintiff. At the conclusion of an extended discussion, participated in by the court and counsel, the court said: “The court holds that such a cause of action (one for malicious interference with plaintiff’s business), pleaded with a cause of action in slander is inconsistent, a misjoinder, and requires an election.” Plaintiff’s counsel declined to elect, stating that, if plaintiff was required to elect before proceeding, he could not offer any evidence. The court then granted defendant’s motion for a dismissal for want of prosecution, and this appeal followed.
We see no inconsistency between an allegation that defendant maliciously interfered with plaintiff’s business and another that he slandered plaintiff. Two causes of action are inconsistent when they are contrary •the one to the other, so that, if one exists, the negation or falsity of the other is necessarily inferred. See 4 Words & Phrases, 3511. Such is not the ease here. On the contrary, the several transactions set out in the complaint are connected with the same subject of action, namely, injury to plaintiff’s business caused by the wrongful and malicious acts of the defendant, and hence, if they are not essentially separate and inconsistent causes of action, they may be properly united. Price v. Minnesota, D. & W. Ry. Co. 130 Minn. 229, 153 N. W. 532, Ann. Cas. 1916C, 267.
Plaintiff had a right to offer evidence in support of the allegations of his complaint, charging defendant with wrongfully interfering with and injuring his business, and the court was in error in restricting him to proof of the alleged slander when he declined to make an election as required.
There must be a new trial and the order denying it is hereby reversed.