262 Mass. 437 | Mass. | 1928
No extended citation of authorities is needed for the well established rule of law that in civil proceedings the burden of proof is sustained by a fair preponderance of the evidence, and that proof beyond reasonable doubt is not essential. Grella v. Lewis Wharf Co. 211 Mass. 54, 58. An instruction to jurors in civil cases that all reasonable doubt must be removed before they can properly reach a verdict is erroneous. Yet it may be proper to instruct them with regard to doubt. The preponderance which determines the verdict must be á preponderance of credible testimony, not “a balance of probabilities,” Haskins v. Haskins, 9 Gray, 390, and evidence which is open to serious doubt may not be credible. In a criminal case the juror must be left with no
The plaintiff contends that these principles were disregarded to his prejudice in the charge to which exception is taken. The exception saved is “to so much of the charge as refers to the word 'doubt’ in reference to the burden of proof, the degree of proof.” No request for instructions was made.
Such an exception is not good in the circumstances here disclosed. It fails to designate any specific statement in the charge so that the judge may consider its propriety and, if satisfied that modification is needed, proceed to instruct further. It is, in substance, like an exception to an entire charge, which long has been held improper. Commonwealth v. Meserve, 154 Mass. 64, 75. Commonwealth v. Taschetta, 252 Mass. 158, 160. Counsel should have pointed out what he thought to be erroneous, and have asked for the instruction which he claimed to be correct. See Gray v. Currier, 252 Mass. 78, 83. He cannot seek to secure a chance for a retrial if the jury decides against him under the instruction given, rather than to make sure that it is correctly instructed before it passes upon the evidence. It is the latter and not the former to which he is entitled. Such an exception cannot be sustained unless substantial injustice plainly appears. Adams v. Nantucket, 11 Allen, 203. Cronin v. Boston Elevated Railway, 233 Mass. 243, 246. No such injustice is made to appear. The judge in several places spoke of “doubt” which might affect the findings of the jury. Greater precision could have been used with advantage; but, in each case, we think the jury must have understood the doubt of which the judge was speaking to be doubt whether a fair preponderance of the evidence established the essential facts. If, after weighing the evidence, it was left in doubt whether a preponderance supported the facts requisite to establish
These, moreover, are the plaintiff’s exceptions. The burden of proof was on the defendant to make out contributory negligence, and on the plaintiff to establish negligence. The language used, if erroneous, bore equally on both. The verdict was for the defendant. It is impossible to say whether it resulted from the plaintiff’s failure to prove negligence or from the defendant’s success in proving lack of due care contributing to the injury. The bill of exceptions does not make clear that the plaintiff has been injured.
Exceptions overruled.