76 Fla. 618 | Fla. | 1918
Lead Opinion
J. C. Bynum, convicted in Columbia County of having carnal intercourse with an unmarried female of previous chaste character under the age of eighteen years, seeks reversal here on writ of error.
The indictment alleges, among other things, that on tlie 10th day of June, 1917, the prosecutrix was an un
She also testified that after the first act they continued to have sexual intercourse, about once a week during the whole time he was going with her.
For about six months prior to the date on which the indictment alleges she was a chaste female, she had been indulging in sexual intercourse about once a week. Was she on June 10th the chaste person the law is designed to protect? -As was well said by the court in the case of State v. Patterson, 88 Mo. 88. “I cannot believe that tbe legislative protection, intended only for the pure and innocent in heart, was designed to be extended to those who, being vile and impure, have nothing left for the law to guard.”
In that case it was held that if the prosecutrix had had sexual intercourse with the defendant prior to the time alleged in the indictment it was competent evidence to go to the jury on the question of her “previous chastity.” The court said, “Any evidence, therefore, which shows, or materially tends to show that there was, at the time the alleged offense is charged to have been committed, no chastity, in the given case cannot be otherwise than competent and relevant. How better can you establish this fact than by specific acts of unchastity? Is
In O’Neill v. State, 85 Ga. 383, 11 S. E. Rep. 856, Chief Justice Bleckley said, “those who, by their own consent, have ceased to be virgins, are not virtuous.” The prosecutrix in the case at bar by her own consent ceased to be a virgin six months before the time when it was alleged in the indictment that she was chaste. See also People v. Clark, 33 Mich. 112; People v. Smith, 132 Mich. 58, 92 N. W. Rep. 776.
Some courts hold that where the prosecutrix indulged in carnal intercourse prior to the time when the act charged in the indictment took place, but had reformed, that a conviction for her seduction as a chaste woman will stand, if the other elements of the offense be proven. State v. Moore, 78 Iowa 494, 43 N. W. Rep. 273. We are not called upon to pass on that question here, as it is
The court denied a motion for a new trial, the first, second, third and fifth grounds of which, attack the verdict because it was contrary to the evidence and the law. There is no assignment of error based on the refusal of the court to grant a new trial, but this court has said that it will consider without assignment of error such errors as are jurisdictional and fundamental in character. Parker v. Dekle, 46 Fla. 452, 35 South. Rep. 4; Sylvester v. State, 46 Fla. 166, 35 South. Rep. 142; Hoodless v. Jernigan, 46 Fla. 213, 35 South. Rep. 656; Atlantic Coast Line R. Co. v. Benedict Pineapple Co., 52 Fla. 165, 42 South. Rep. 529.
As there can be no legal conviction where the State not only fails to prove its case, but, as happened here, disproved it, it was reversible error to deny the motion for a new trial on the grounds that the verdict was contrary to the evidence and the law, for the error went to the very heart of the case.
The second and third assignments of error relate to the rulings of the court on the admissibility of evidence of the health of the prosecutrix as a result of the birth of a child, of which the defendant was the reputed father. As this testimony may be offered at another trial of this cause, we will rule on its admissibility.
The father of the prosecutrix was permitted to testify that she gave birth to a dead baby, and that she “never recovered from that birth,” that “it left her in a bad
This testimony was not material to prove the issue, and was highly improper, as its .natural tendency was to excite the jury, and arouse their prejudice, against the prisoner and unduly awaken their sympathy for the prosecutrix.
The essential elements to he proven were the sexual intercourse, the age of the woman, her unmarried state and previous chaste character. What happened after the criminal act in no wise affected either the guilt or innocence of the accused. Her giving birth to a dead child, her sufferings, the impairment of her health, were not material to the issues involved. If it is admissible for the State to prove the after condition of the prosecutrix in cases of this character, the same line of testimony would be open to the defendant, and he would be permitted to show that he had subsequently to the criminal act given her large sums of money, materially improved her financial condition, and surrounded her with luxuries and comforts far beyond anything she ever before enjoyed— a result that sometimes follows from a woman giving herself to a man. Such a line of defense is not permissible, and it is equally improper to influence the minds of the jurors against the prisoner by showing that the prosecutrix suffered as the result of her indiscretion.
In the case of Bailey v. State, (Tex. Crim. App.), 30 S. W. Rep. 669, the court held that as the case was one of circumstantial evidence it was admissible to prove that the prosecutrix was dead, for the purpose of accounting for her absence and failure to testify, but that it was improper to show that she committed suicide two days after the alleged act of seduction, as such testimony
In the case of Neary v. People, 115 Ill. App. 157, the trial court permitted the State to prove that the prosecutrix was a cripple, having had spinal meningitis when she was seventeen months old. The case was reversed on this ground and the appellate court said, “The testimony was immaterial and had a necessary tendence to prejudice the jury against the defendant and disable them from considering the proof calmly and dispassionately.”
In the case of Ferguson v. State, 71 Miss. 805, 15 South. Rep. 66, the court said, that evidence of the birth of a child after the alleged seduction was incompetent, “either as connecting accused with the crime of the seduction or as corroborating the evidence of the female seduced,” but held that it was not reversible error, because the court could not “see in what manner it could have excited the minds of the jury against the prisoner.”
The authorities generally hold that where the time when the sexual act occurred is controverted, proof of the birth of a child is admissible in corroboration of the prosecutrix as to the time of the intercourse. In the case at bar the defendant did not testify, and the testimony of the prosecutrix and that of her brother who witnessed the act was not contradicted. As the evidence of the birth of the child was not objected to, we do not pass on its admissibility under the facts in this case.
The testimony' complained of in these assignments should not have been admitted.
The judgment is reversed.
Dissenting Opinion
dissenting. — The defendant was charged with having committed the offense alleged in the indictment on June 10th, 1917. It was competent for the State to prove the commission of the offense charged at any time within the two years next preceding the finding of the indictment. Chandler v. State, 25 Fla. 728, 6 South. Rep. 768; Warrace v. State, 27 Fla. 362, 8 South. Rep. 748; Weinert v. State, 35 Fla. 229, 17 South. Rep. 570. The State proved that the offense was committed in January, 1917. When this was done the State’s case was made out, and a conviction was proper.
The judgment, therefore, should not be reversed.
