248 S.E.2d 433 | N.C. Ct. App. | 1978
Dexter BYERLY
v.
Beulah Anders BYERLY.
Court of Appeals of North Carolina.
*435 Morgan, Post, Herring & Morgan by James V. Morgan and L. Samuel Dockery, III, High Point, for the plaintiff-appellant.
Randolph & Randolph by Clyde C. Randolph, Jr., Winston-Salem, for defendant-appellee.
HEDRICK, Judge.
Plaintiff assigns as error the trial court's "granting of the defendant's motion for a directed verdict at the conclusion of the plaintiff's evidence on the grounds that the defendant failed to specify the specific grounds for the motion and on the grounds that there were questions of fact which were to be determined by the jury."
G.S. § 1A-1, Rule 50(a) provides: "A motion for a directed verdict shall state the specific grounds therefor." Our appellate courts have held this direction to be mandatory, Anderson v. Butler, 284 N.C. 723, 202 S.E.2d 585 (1974); Wheeler v. Denton, 9 N.C.App. 167, 175 S.E.2d 769 (1970), and the failure to do so to be sufficient grounds standing alone for the trial court to overrule the motion. Dixon v. Shelton, 9 N.C.App. 392, 176 S.E.2d 390 (1970). However, when a motion for a directed verdict is granted, the adverse party who did not make a specific objection at trial to the movant's failure to state specific grounds therefor is precluded from raising the objection on appeal. Builders Supplies Co. v. Gainey, 10 N.C.App. 364, 178 S.E.2d 794, cert. denied, 278 N.C. 300, 180 S.E.2d 178 (1971). The purpose of the "specific grounds" requirement of Rule 50(a) is to allow the adverse party to meet any defects with further proof and avoid the entry of a judgment notwithstanding the verdict at the close of the trial, on a ground that could have been met with proof had it been suggested earlier. Anderson v. Butler, supra; 9 C. Wright & A. Miller, Federal Practice and Procedure: Civil § 2533, at 579 (1971).
The record discloses that the plaintiff nowhere specifically objected to defendant's failure to state specific grounds as required by Rule 50(a). Since the plaintiff failed to bring the deficiency in defendant's motion to the attention of the Court, thereby affording defendant the opportunity to correct the defect, he has lost his right to complain on appeal of defendant's failure to state specific grounds in his motion.
A motion for a directed verdict under Rule 50(a) tests the sufficiency of the plaintiff's evidence to require submission of plaintiff's claim to the jury. Numerous decisions have established the rule that all the evidence supporting plaintiff's claim must be taken as true and considered in the light most favorable to plaintiff giving him the benefit of every reasonable inference that may legitimately be drawn therefrom, and with all contradictions, conflicts and inconsistencies being resolved in plaintiff's favor. E. g. Kinston Building Supply Co., Inc. v. Murphy, 13 N.C.App. 351, 185 S.E.2d 440 (1971). A directed verdict for defendant cannot be granted unless it appears, as a matter of law, that a recovery cannot be had by the plaintiff under any view of the facts that the evidence reasonably tends to establish. Manganello v. Permastone, Inc., 291 N.C. 666, 231 S.E.2d 678 (1977).
Plaintiff first appears to argue in his brief that when the evidence is so considered, it is sufficient to raise an inference that he and the defendant entered into an oral agreement that she would hold the property in question in trust for both of them. In order to engraft an express trust on property described in a deed that is absolute on its face, it must be shown that the grantee in the deed promised at or before acquiring legal title to hold the property conveyed for the benefit of a third person. Wells v. Dickens, 274 N.C. 203, 162 S.E.2d 552 (1968). A married woman is under no legal handicap that would prevent *436 her from entering into such an oral agreement to hold real estate in trust for the benefit of her husband. Carlisle v. Carlisle, 225 N.C. 462, 35 S.E.2d 418 (1945). There is no evidence in this record that the defendant expressly agreed to hold the property in question, or any part thereof or any interest therein, in trust for the plaintiff. The evidence shows, at most, only that plaintiff and defendant entered into an agreement apportioning household expenditures between them. As such, the evidence falls far short of showing that defendant expressly agreed to hold property in trust for the plaintiff.
Plaintiff next appears to argue in his brief that when a "husband and wife orally agree to purchase real estate, the actual ownership of which is to be a one-half interest by each in same, and purchase said real estate in the name of wife alone with funds part of which are supplied by husband . . a resulting trust [arises] for the benefit of husband."
A purchase money resulting trust arises by operation of law when one party furnishes the consideration and title is taken in the name of a third party under circumstances that raise the inference that the party furnishing the consideration did not intend for the taker to have both legal and equitable ownership, but only to hold the property in trust for the purchaser's benefit. Strange v. Sink, 27 N.C.App. 113, 218 S.E.2d 196, cert. denied, 288 N.C. 733, 220 S.E.2d 353 (1975).
In order for a resulting trust to be impressed on property, it must be shown that the furnishing of consideration occurred prior to or contemporaneously with the vesting of legal title in the grantee and not from consideration thereafter paid. Rhodes v. Raxter, 242 N.C. 206, 87 S.E.2d 265 (1955); Cline v. Cline, 34 N.C.App. 495, 238 S.E.2d 673 (1977). Where one pays off a mortgage on land already owned by another he has not paid consideration towards the purchase price as is required to raise a resulting trust. G. Bogert, The Law of Trusts and Trustees § 455, at 660-63 (rev. 2d ed. 1977).
Plaintiff's evidence clearly shows that the consideration furnished by him was used to pay off a mortgage on property which had been previously titled solely in the defendant's name. As such, the consideration was not paid towards the purchase price and cannot support a resulting trust in his favor.
The trial judge correctly granted defendant's motion for a directed verdict at the close of plaintiff's evidence.
Affirmed.
PARKER and ROBERT M. MARTIN, JJ., concur.
