This is a consolidated appeal from an order of Judge Daniel O. Corrigan. Plaintiff-appellant Buyer’s First Realty, Inc. (“Buyer’s First”) claims that the judge erred when he granted two motions for summary judgment and confirmed the two arbitration awards against it in favor of appellee Realty One, Inc. It alleges that appellee Cleveland Area Board of Realtors (“CABOR”) lacked the authority to impose arbitration on its dispute with Realty One and agents, appellees Laura Rigney and Marilyn Lupi (“Realty One”), because the funds in dispute did not result from a real estate agent’s commission. We disagree and affirm the order confirming the arbitration awards in favor of Realty One.
From the record we glean the following: Both Buyer’s First and Realty One are members of CABOR, whose purpose is, in part, “[t]o promote and maintain high standards of conduct in the real estate profession as expressed in the Code of Ethics of the National Association of REALTORS®.” 1 Members are required, *776 pursuant to CABOR bylaws, to arbitrate disputes between each other in accordance with the Code of Ethics and Arbitration Manual of the National Association of REALTORS® and R.C. 2711.01 et seq. (Id., Bylaws, Sections 1 and 2, Article 7). Through CABOR, Realty One requested arbitration with Buyer’s First on disputes regarding the commissions on two separate real estate transactions. The arbitrators found in favor of Realty One on both disputes, and Buyer’s First filed the following complaints.
On August 28, 1997, Buyer’s First filed its first complaint in Cuyahoga County Common Pleas Court case No. 339578 against Realty One, Rigney and CABOR, alleging that it acted as the agent for Trevor and Rhonda Collis, who had purchased the home of Robert and Dianna Gronski. It claimed that, according to the Purchase Agreement attached to the complaint, both the Collises and the Gronskis had agreed that Buyer’s First should receive a brokerage fee of 3.5 percent of the $117,000 purchase price for services rendered to the Collises. Buyer’s First further alleged that Realty One was entitled to a commission from the Gronskis on the sale of the property. It further claimed that on April 17, 1997, after a CABOR arbitration hearing, the arbitrators awarded Realty One the full $3,925 that Buyer’s First had received upon the closing of the Collis/Gronski sale, which award the CABOR Board of Directors confirmed on August 14, 1997. Buyer’s First did not attach to the complaint copies of the CABOR rules that provide for arbitration of disputes, the arbitration agreement, the arbitration award, or the award confirmation as required by R.C. 2711.14.
On December 29, 1997, Buyer’s First filed a second complaint in Cuyahoga County Common Pleas Court, case No. 346010, against Realty One, Lupi, and CABOR, alleging that it had acted as an agent for Martino Rossi and Lisa Aveton in the purchase of a home from Richard A. Favazzo and/or John Kobal. It further alleged that the buyers and sellers agreed in writing to pay Buyer’s First $3,443.75 as a brokerage fee from the $105,750 purchase price and that on December 8, 1997, the CABOR hearing panel awarded Realty One the $3,443.75 paid to Buyer’s First. Again, Buyer’s First did not attach to the complaint a copy of the purchase agreement or either the CABOR rules or the arbitration agreement. It did, however, attach a copy of the arbitration award.
In both complaints, Buyer’s First alleged in its first cause of action that the award was “outside its [CABOR’s] scope of authority in that no rule in the ByLaws or other regulations of CABOR authorized the making of an award of funds which were paid to Buyer’s First as a result [of] and as consideration for its service and which was not in the nature of a real estate agent’s commission.” It further contended, “[T]he award was entirely ultra vires and manifestly mistaken in that by the rules of CABOR, the arbitration must be the subject of a contract between the complainant and the respondent. No such contract existed.” Buy *777 er’s First also claimed that Realty One and Rigney were “guilty of laches” because of their negligence “in failing to raise their claim for said commission prior to and during the time the sales contract was finalized.” Finally, Buyer’s First requested that the judge “reverse” the arbitration award and grant judgment in its favor because Realty One would be “unjustly enriched.”
In its answers, CABOR asserted, inter alia, that it was an improper party to the suit. Realty One denied the various allegations in its answers, asserted in its counterclaims for entry of judgment in its favor on the arbitration awards, and attached all documentation required under R.C. 2711.14.
On March 27, 1998, the judge granted the defendants’ joint motion to consolidate both actions upon his docket. On September 18, 1998, CABOR filed its motion for summary judgment, arguing that Buyer’s First asserted no facts to support a cause of action against it and that it was completely immune from liability for its act of handling the arbitration. Later, on October 4, 1998, Realty One, Rigney, and Lupi filed a motion for summary judgment on both Buyer’s First’s claims and Realty One’s counterclaims. Realty One argued that the remedy sought by Buyer’s First — a “reversal” of the arbitration award after a de novo review — was not allowed under R.C. Chapter 2711. Moreover, it argued, Buyer’s First could not show any specific grounds under the statute that would authorize the judge to vacate the arbitration award. Realty One then asked the judge to grant summary judgment in its favor on its' counterclaims and confirm the two arbitration awards because Buyer’s First failed to show grounds for the vacation or modification of the award.
In response to both motions for summary judgment, Buyer’s First asserted that the CABOR arbitrators acted outside their authority, arguing that they had authority to consider only the division of commissions where there is an agreement between its members to share commissions. Buyer’s First attached as exhibit “C” a document titled “Appendix I to Part Ten, Arbitrable Issues.” It also attached an affidavit of James L. Restina, an officer of Buyer’s First and a member of its board of directors, and copies of both the Collis and the Rossi/Av-erton Purchase Agreements.
In his affidavit, Restina claimed that Realty One sought “to obtain funds from Plaintiff which were earned by Plaintiff pursuant to contracts between other parties, and of which contracts Plaintiff, was a third-party beneficiary.” He asserted that neither the by-laws, rules of governance, rules of arbitration, nor membership conditions authorize CABOR arbitrators to award damages or other compensation to a member “claiming funds earned by and paid to another member via a specific contract for services rendered.” He also claimed that the sellers may have had separate contracts obligating them to pay Realty One *778 commissions greater than those called for under the Buyer’s First purchase agreements and which were, in fact, paid to Realty One by the sellers.
On December 8,1998, the judge entered the following order:
“[Defendant], Cleveland Area Board of Realtors’ motion for summary judgment is granted. Motion of [Defendants], Realty One Inc., Laura Rigney, and Marilyn Lupi for summary judgment on [Plaintiffs] complaints is hereby granted. Motion for summary judgment on the counterclaims of Realty One is granted. Pursuant to R.C. 2711.09, the Court hereby confirms the two arbitration awards. FINAL.”
It is from this journal entry Buyer’s First appealed.
It is clear that the order confirms the arbitration award but
does not
enter judgment on the award and, therefore, we are required to consider whether the order is final and appealable before addressing the merits of the Buyer’s First appeal. We look to the following to answer that question: the rules announced in’
Stewart v. Midwestern Indent. Co
(1989),
While arbitration was recognized at common law, a judge would “not force the specific performance of an agreement to refer any matter in controversy between adverse parties to arbitrators. Nor [would] they compel arbitrators to make an award * * *. The reason given for this rule is that [the courts] will not aid parties in ousting, by their agreements, the jurisdiction of the ordinary tribunals of the country, established for the trial of causes.”
Conner v. Drake
(1853),
In contrast to common-law arbitration, courts construing the early examples of statutory arbitration recognized that “it is capable of becoming extensively useful in its operation” as “[i]t settles controversies speedily * *
Carey,
19 Ohio at
*779
280 (construing 3 Curwen’s Revised Statutes (1854), Chapter 1355, passed February 17, 1831, 29 Ohio Laws 264),
3
and “cheaply,”
Ormsby’s Admrs. v. Bakewell
(1835),
Over one hundred years after
Carey,
the Supreme Court succinctly held that “the law favors arbitration.”
Brennan v. Brennan
(1955),
To this end, the General Assembly has limited the role of judicial review by delineating the circumstances under which a judge may vacate (R.C. 2711.10) or modify (R.C. 2711.11) an arbitration award.
Lake Cty. Bd. of Mental Retardation & Dev. Disabilities v. Professional Assn. for Teaching of Mentally Retarded
(1994),
To further the purpose of the Arbitration Act, the General Assembly also provided for a two-step process in the ultimate entry of an arbitration award. After conducting a limited review under R.C. 2711.10 or R.C. 2711.11, the judge must first enter an order confirming, modifying, correcting, or vacating the award, and then he or she must enter judgment “in conformity therewith” as required by R.C. 2711.12. R.C. 2711.15 also reflects this two-step process, specifically allowing an appeal to “be taken from an order confirming, modifying, correcting, or vacating an award made in an arbitration proceeding or from judgment entered upon an award.” It is clear that the General Assembly intended to allow a party in an arbitration award dispute the opportunity to appeal from
either
(1) the order confirming, modifying, correcting, or vacating an award, or (2) from judgment on that award. “When the language of a statute is plain and unambiguous and conveys a clear and definite meaning, there is no need for this court to apply the rules of statutory interpretation.”
Symmes Twp. Bd. of Trustees v. Smyth
(2000),
This conclusion, however, does not end the inquiry, since the Supreme Court has concluded that this section must be read in
pari materia
with R.C. 2505.02, the “final order” statute. In
Stewart v. Midwestern Indem. Co.
(1989),
The
Stewart
decision was reaffirmed without opinion in
Cleveland Police Patrolmen's Assn. v. Cleveland
(1998),
At the time the court decided Stewart, R.C. 2505.02 described three types of final orders:'
“An order that affects a substantial right in an action which in effect determines the action and prevents a judgment, an order that affects a substantial right made in a special proceeding or upon a summary application in an action *782 after judgment, or an order that vacates or sets aside a judgment or grants a new trial is a final order that may be reviewed, affirmed, modified, or reversed, with or without retrial.”
R.C. 2505.02 (effective July 22, 1998) now describes five types of final orders, preserving the original three:
“An order is a final order that may be reviewed, affirmed, modified, or reversed, with or without retrial, when it is one of the following:
“(1) An order that affects a substantial right in an action that in effect determines the action and prevents a judgment;
“(2) An order that affects a substantial right made in a special proceeding or upon a summary application in an action after judgment;
“(3) An order that vacates or sets aside a judgment or grants a new trial;
“(4) An order that grants or denies a provisional remedy * * *.
“(5) An order that determines that an action may or may not be maintained as a class action.”
A “special proceeding,” as now defined by R.C. 2505.02(A)(2), is “an action or proceeding that is specially created by statute and that prior to 1853 was not denoted as an action at law or a suit in equity.” See, also, 51 Ohio Laws, 57, 161, Section 604, 3 Curwen’s Revised Statutes, 2036-2037, Chapter 1202, Section 604 (passed Mar. 11, 1853) (specifically providing that Code of Civil Procedure shall not affect proceedings under statute relating to arbitration). After the adoption of the Code of Civil Procedure in 1853, the Supreme Court specifically held that “ ‘[arbitration’ is a ‘special proceeding’ ” for purposes of that code.
Moore v. Boyer
(1884),
After having determined that the present order under appeal was made in a “special proceeding,” we now consider whether it “affects a substantial right.” A “substantial right” as now defined by R.C. 2505.02(A)(1) “means a right that the United States Constitution, the Ohio Constitution, a statute, the common law, or a rule of procedure entitles a person to enforce or protect.”
10
(Emphasis added.)
*783
Prior to this amendment, the courts applied the rule in
Noble v. Colwell
(1989),
“[T]hat it affects substantial rights, if that must be deemed of any importance, must be apparent from the very fact that, in the judgment of the legislature, the rights affected by such order are of sufficient importance to be protected by allowing a review either by appeal or in error.”
Id.
at 249,
Applying North to the present matter, the fact that the General Assembly has granted the right of appellate review to either orders confirming, modifying, correcting, or vacating an award, or from judgment on that award establishes that it has predetermined that the right involved is a substantial one. Therefore, this order confirming the arbitrators’ award satisfies the definition of final order contained in subdivision (B)(2) of R.C. 2505.02.
Our in pari materia review, as required by Stewart, is in keeping with the definition of “substantial right” adopted by the General Assembly in 1998. It also furthers the purpose of the Arbitration Act by allowing the aggrieved party to quickly appeal without having to wait for the common pleas judge to enter judgment against the aggrieved party and in the triumphant party’s favor. Therefore, whether we apply the mandates of R.C. 2711.15 as it stands alone, or
*784 the in pari materia rule espoused in Stewart, an order confirming an arbitration award is a final order subject to this court’s review under R.C. 2505.03.
Turning now to the merits of this appeal, we first address Buyer’s First’s second assignment of error:
“II. The trial court erred in granting summary judgment for appellees where the rules governing the arbitration specifically provided for judicial review of the arbitration procedure.”
Buyer’s First argues that R.C. 2711.10 does not preclude judicial review of the arbitration awards. Moreover, it argues, the CABOR Code of Ethics, Arbitration Rules, Part Ten, specifically makes reference to a member’s “legal challenge” to the validity of the award and because arbitration rules do not limit a judge’s jurisdiction, a review of an arbitration award is de novo. Both CABOR and Realty One counter that the judicial review is not de novo but statutorily limited to the factors set forth in R.C. 2711.10.
“R.C. 2711.10 limits judicial review of arbitration to claims of fraud, corruption, misconduct, an imperfect award, or that the arbitrator exceeded his authority.”
Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. v. Local Union No. 200, United Rubber, Cork, Linoleum & Plastic Workers of Am.
(1975),
In the instant case, it is clear that the judge’s review was limited to the question of whether the arbitration awards were drawn from the essence or terms of the rules of arbitration between members as adopted by CABOR and the arbitration agreement as assented to by Buyer’s First upon its membership *785 in the organization and upon its agreement to arbitrate both the Collis and Rossi/Averton disputes. This assignment of error is without merit.
We next consider the application of this standard in the context of Buyer’s First’s first and third assignments of error:
“I. The trial court erred in granting summary judgment for appellees where the pleadings and exhibits submitted demonstrated genuine issues of fact in dispute relating to the extent of the authority of arbitrators in the subject matter under arbitration as provided in the rules of the organization.”
“HI. [The] trial court erred in granting appellees’ motion for summary judgment where exhibits submitted pursuant to the motion clearly showed the award made by the arbitrators to be exceeding their authority.”
Buyer’s First argues that the purchase agreements entered into by both the buyers and sellers in the two transactions were not subject to arbitration pursuant to the CABOR code of ethics and rules of arbitration. Buyer’s First denies any agreement with Realty One regarding these transactions and contends that the arbitration award giving the brokerage fee to Realty One fell outside the scope of authority granted to the arbitrators and should be reversed.
Realty One challenges this assertion, arguing that Buyer’s First failed to state a claim upon which relief can be granted because R.C. 2711.10 does not authorize the “reversal” of an arbitration award. Both CABOR and Realty One submit that Buyer’s First failed to fulfill its burden of showing that the arbitrators exceeded their authority; rather, the rules adopted by CABOR verify that the arbitrators did not exceed their authority based upon the absence of qualifying language limiting their powers solely to contractual disputes. Additionally, CABOR contends that it is immune from suit for its role as arbitrator in the Collis and Rossi/Averton commission disputes.
This court reviews the grant of summary judgment
de novo,
.applying the same standard as that applied by the trial judge.
Druso v. Bank One of Columbus
(1997),
“(1) No genuine issue as to any material fact remains to be litigated; (2) the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law; and (3) it appears from the evidence that reasonable minds can come to but one conclusion, and viewing such evidence most strongly in favor of the party against whom the motion for summary judgment is made, that conclusion is adverse to that party.” Temple v. Wean United, Inc. (1977),50 Ohio St.2d 317 , 327,4 O.O.3d 466 , 472,364 N.E.2d 267 , 274; accord Zivich v. Mentor Soccer Club (1998),82 Ohio St.3d 367 , 369-370,696 N.E.2d 201 , 203-204.
*786 The foundation of these assignments of error rests solely upon the premise that Buyer’s First and Realty One did not have a contract or agreement regarding the division of a commission associated with each property. According to Buyer’s First, under the CAB OR rules of arbitration, the lack of agreement between them precludes the arbitrators from considering such a dispute.
As we indicated earlier, Buyer’s First failed to provide the arbitration agreement or material outlining the authority of the arbitrators with its complaint and request to “reverse” the arbitration awards. Applying a strict construction of the Arbitration Act, this defect would ordinarily require the judge to deny a request to confirm, vacate, modify, or correct an arbitration award. Cf.
Cleveland Police Patrolmen’s Assn. v. Cleveland
(1994),
“In the event of contractual disputes or specific non-contractual disputes as defined by Standard of Practice 17-4 between REALTORS® associated with different firms, arising out of their relationship as REALTORS®, the REALTORS® shall submit the dispute to arbitration in accordance with the regulations of their Board or Boards rather than litigate the matter. [Citing Article 17 of the Code of Ethics; emphasis omitted.]
« * * *
“As used in Article 17 of the Code of Ethics and in Part Ten of this Manual, the terms ‘dispute’ and ‘arbitrable matter’ refer to contractual issues and questions, and certain specific non-contractual issues and questions outlined in Standard of Practice 17-4, including entitlement to commissions and compensation in cooperative transactions, that arise out of the business relationships between REALTORS®, and between REALTORS® and their clients and customers * * *.”
This document continues, noting that “[m]any arbitrations conducted by Boards of REALTORS® involve entitlement to compensation offered by listing brokers through a multiple listing service or otherwise to cooperating brokers acting as subagents, [or] as agents of purchasers * * Buyer’s First did not include with its brief or otherwise in the record, the language of Standard of Practice 17-4, referred to in “Appendix I to Part Ten,” which purportedly outlines the “specific non-contractual disputes” subject to arbitration.
*787
To the extent the rules governing CABOR and its members were disclosed, such rules contradict Buyer’s First’s contention. These rules apparently allow CABOR members to arbitrate disputes regarding their claims against each other for a portion or a whole of a real estate commission, regardless of whether the commission relates to an express commission-sharing agreement. Viewing the facts in a light most favorable to Buyer’s First, we find no issue of material fact about the arbitrators’ exceeding their authority to be in dispute.
Temple,
Additionally, CABOR is correct in its contention that it is immune from suit for its role in arbitrating the two commission disputes:
“The ability to secure such able persons as arbitrators is essential if such system is to continue as a valuable tool of the judicial system in facing and coping with overcrowded dockets. It is, therefore, necessary and within the doctrines of quasi-judicial immunity, that arbitrators be immune from suits for acts performed within their capacity as arbitrators and performed within their assigned duties and authority.”
Wolfe v. Columbia Gas Transm. Co.
(Mar. 30, 1982), Knox App. 81-CA-19, unreported,
There was no error in granting summary judgment in CABOR’s favor, since the only claim and factual allegations asserted by Buyer’s First was solely to CABOR’s role as arbitrator. The first and third assignments of error are overruled.
Buyer’s First argues in its fourth assignment of error:
“IV. The trial court erred in granting appellees’ motions for summary judgment when the pleadings, affidavit [sic] clearly raised the question and issue of a tortious interference by the arbitrators with appellant’s contractual rights.”
Buyer’s First argues that “having as much as raised that question [of tortious interference with a contract] in the complaint, while perhaps not in those words, but by allegations tantamount thereto, a genuine issue of fact was raised, *788 defeating the ground for issuance of summary judgment.” Both CABOR and Realty One assert that Buyer’s First neither alleged such a cause of action nor presented any facts to support such a claim.
“The elements of the tort of tortious interference with contract are (1) the existence of a contract, (2) the wrongdoer’s knowledge of the contract, (3) the wrongdoer’s intentional procurement of the contract’s breach, (4) lack of justification, and (5) resulting damages.”
Fred Siegel Co., L.P.A. v. Arter & Hadden
(1999),
Because Buyer’s First failed to argue below that the “facts” support a claim for tortious interference with a contract against CABOR, we need not address the question here. “It is fundamental that a reviewing court need not consider any issues that could have been raised in the trial court, but were not.”
Thomas Steel, Inc. v. Wilson Bennett, Inc.
(1998),
Judgment affirmed.
Notes
. Joint Answer of Defendants Realty One, Inc. and Marilyn Lupi and Counterclaim (Application) of Defendant Realty One, Inc. for an order Confirming Arbitration Award, Appendix A, at 1 (copy of Bylaws, Section 2, Article 2).
. "In England, from the time of Lord Coke until the statute for the amendment of the law 3 and 4 William IV, ch. 42, the language of the courts, repeated in all the treatises on arbitration was, that an agreement to submit to arbitration was executory, and revocable, until executed by an award.” See, also, id. at 247-252, for a discussion of English common-law arbitration.
. 3 Chase, Statutes of Ohio (1835) 1797; 3 Curwen 2409. Footnote 1, found at 3 Curwen 2409, indicates that this was the fifth rendition of various arbitration statutes, some utilized before statehood in 1803.
. See
Thomas v. Molier
(1827),
. Early renditions of the statute also reflected this limited review. See 3 Curwen, Chapter 1355, Section 11 (passed Feb. 17, 1831) 2411 (allowing the award to be set aside "if any legal defects appear in the award * * * or if it shall be made to appear, at the term of court to which said award and arbitration bond are entered in said court * * * that said award * * * was obtained by fraud, corruption or other undue means, or that said arbitrators * * * misbehaved, said court may set aside said award * * * or make such order thereon as may be just and right”);
Ormsby’s Admrs.,
. See fn. 5.
. As noted above, R.C. 2711.15 provides for an appeal when an award is vacated, confirmed, modified, or corrected.
.
Bellaire,
. Moore had concluded that an order affirming the arbitrators' award was not appealable because it was not a "civil action” under R.S. 5226. This section was later repealed.
. See, also,
Chef Italiano Corp. v. Kent State Univ.
(1989),