185 Va. 1 | Va. | 1946
delivered the opinion of the court.
Dr. Russell Buxton, devisee under the will of Joseph T. Buxton, operating the Elizabeth Buxton Hospital, instituted an action at law against Charles R. Bishop for hospital services rendered Charles R. Bishop, Jr., during his last illness. All matters of law and fact, by agreement of the parties, were submitted to the trial court without the intervention of a jury, and it found in favor of the defendant and dismissed the plaintiff’s action.
Only two witnesses testified at the trial, one for the plaintiff, and the other the defendant himself. There is little or no conflict in the testimony. Mrs. R. L. Smith, a witness for the plaintiff, testified that she was the bookkeeper and office manager of the Elizabeth Buxton Hospital at Newport News, Virginia; that Charles Robert Bishop, Jr., the son of
The defendant testified in his own behalf that Charles R. Bishop, Jr., was his son, and that he was born on March 24, 1922. He further testified that Charles R. Bishop, Jr., had been working since he was seventeen years pld; that for two years he worked for the DuPont Company at Ampthill on the Richmond-Petersburg turnpike, living at home during that time; that he then received his own wages; that he did not pay any regular board, but from time to time gave his mother money; that he had been living away from home working for a contractor at Oyster Point and at Yorktown for about1 a year before his death; that he came home about once a week; that he kept his own earnings, and the defendant had given him no money. The defendant further testified that he was not informed of his son’s illness until after the operation had been performed, and that if he had
It is uncontradicted that at the time the defendant’s son was admitted to the hospital he was over twenty years of age, but under twenty-one.
The plaintiff based his action upon the ground that the defendant, on the day he left the hospital, effectually promised to pay the bill and is therefore liable upon an express contract. He also contends that during the period of his son’s illness the defendant accepted and acquiesced in the attention, treatment and services received by his son at the hands of the petitioner, and that the defendant is therefore liable upon an implied promise to pay the bill. Lastly, the plaintiff contends that the defendant is liable for the hospital services rendered his son because of the relationship of parent and child, and by virtue of the duty and obligation flowing therefrom the law imposes upon him the duty to care for and furnish necessities to his infant son, including hospital and medical services.
The only evidence which the plaintiff contends supports a contract either express or implied between the defendant and the hospital is that of the witness, Mrs. Smith. Other than her statement to him that she would send him a bill, and his reply, “to do so”, there is no evidence of a contract. Her testimony to the effect that she told the defendant that she would send him a bill and his reply telling her to do so does not show, in our opinion, that the defen
Was the defendant liable to the plaintiff by reason of the relationship of parent and child and the obligation flowing therefrom of the parent to supply his child with necessities?
The evidence disclosed that the son was over twenty years of age, and had been supporting himself for about three years. He worked away from home, drew his own wages, and spent them as he alone desired. Under these circumstances it is reasonably certain that the defendant could not have successfully proceeded against his son’s employer or employers for the son’s wages.
It appears from one of the exhibits that Charles R. Bishop, Jr., the son, actually paid the hospital, from his own hospital insurance funds, $143.75. Credit for this amount is shown on plaintiff’s exhibit No. 2, which was the account rendered to Mr. Charles Robert Bishop, Jr., deceased.
Our conclusion is that at the time Charles R. Bishop, Jr., entered the hospital he was an emancipated youth, earning his own wages and providing for himself the necessities of life, including hospital services.
We have no case in Virginia directly in point. There are many cases from other jurisdictions, and text-writers have treated the subject. The clearest and most comprehensive treatment we° have found on the subject of the emancipation of a child is in 39 Am. Jur., Parent and Child, Emancipation, sec. 64.
In Williston on Contracts, Vol. 1, sec. 225, at page 674, in speaking of the kind of emancipation which is involved in the present case, the distinguished author says:
“Such emancipation may be by express agreement or may be shown by the circumstances of the case. Thus if,
A host of cases are cited to support the text.
The legal principle established by the foregoing authorities, when applied to the facts of the present case, compel the conclusion that the son of the defendant was emancipated at the time he became a patient at the hospital of the plaintiff.
To hold, under the facts in this case, that the son of the defendant was not an emancipated youth at the time he entered the hospital would be very disconcerting to many employers and employees, for there are a large number of employees in Virginia under twenty-one years of age working under contracts of employment made between themselves and their employers personally. They are paid their wages, which they spend as they please. They receive no support from their parents and ask none. They not only take care of themselves but frequently take care of their parents. If they are not emancipated, then their parents are entitled to their wages. The result, in effect, would not only largely destroy the incentive for this class of work, but it would place a decided burden upon the employers. They would, at their own risk, pay wages to the employees, never knowing when they might have to pay the same wages again to the parents of such employees.
The judgment is affirmed.
Affirmed.