94 So. 585 | Ala. | 1922
The trial was had on counts the substance of which was that an agent of defendant, while acting in the scope of the employment as such agent, unlawfully caused plaintiff to be arrested and imprisoned, on the charge of publishing as true a forged check, etc. Demurrer being overruled, defendant interposed the plea of the general issue. The judgment was for plaintiff. On *574 this appeal defendant insisted that he was entitled to the general affirmative charge.
The action for false imprisonment is in trespass, and consists (1) of the detention of the person, (2) which detention is unlawful. Rich v. McInerny,
The statutory definition of false imprisonment is:
"False imprisonment consists in the unlawful detention of the person of another, for any length of time, whereby he is deprived of his personal liberty." Code, § 4238.
The Code form of complaint for false imprisonment uses the words "for maliciously, and without probable cause therefor, arresting and imprisoning," etc. Code, § 5382, form 19. When these elements are averred, they must be proved; yet, the gist of the action being the unlawfulness of the imprisonment, the foregoing averments are not necessary, where the imprisonment is averred to have been "unlawful." Count 2, not being for malicious prosecution, but for false imprisonment, was not subject to the grounds of demurrer assigned, for not alleging that the arrest and false imprisonment was "malicious" or "without probable cause." King v. Gray, supra; Goodloe v. M.
C. R. Co.,
Count 3 was subject to demurrer for failure to charge that the arrest and imprisonment were unlawfully caused. Hotel Tutwiler Oper. Co. v. Evans (Ala. Sup.)
In no event may there be recovery; on the undisputed evidence the original transaction, in which the alleged forged check was given for goods at defendant's store, was closed; the guilty agent had long gone from the scene of the forgery or uttering of such check. Some weeks thereafter, in the absence of the defendant, off his premises and without any colorable right in Miss Alexander or other employee of defendant, she pointed plaintiff out to a policeman who arrested her on the street car and detained her as averred. This was a stepping aside from the services of the master and from her employment, that is within the influence of the rule applied in Republic I. S. Co. v. Self, supra; Wells v. Henderson Land Lbr. Co.,
The wrongful acts charged in counts 2 and 3 of the complaint as amended are referred to the original taking on the street car, the arrest, and detention thereunder. Sokol Fur. Co. v. Gate, supra; Hotel Tutwiler v. Evans, supra. The fact that the officer carried the plaintiff to defendant's store, in defendant's absence, where defendant's wife was, and who, in response to plaintiff's inquiry as to the cause of her detention replied that she did not know why she was there, or words to that effect, was not sufficient to subject the defendant to liability for the unlawful arrest. That is to say, the evidence is not sufficient to make Hendrix the chief of police, an agent or representative of defendant under the principle of ratification. Gambill v. Fuqua,
If the arrest had been made at or about the time the offense was committed, and *575
under such circumstances that the servant was in the protection of the master's property and the conduct of his business, or when the servant was left by the master in a situation in relation to his business as that the servant was obliged to determine the fact where his duty to the master required the determination of the fact, and where the duty of the agent to the master depended upon discretion, a different case would be presented. Hotel Tutwiler v. Evans, supra. See, also, Field v. Kane,
The general affirmative charge should have been given for defendant.
Reversed and remanded.
ANDERSON, C. J., and McCLELLAN and SOMERVILLE, JJ., concur.