11 Ill. 485 | Ill. | 1850
Walker, who had once owned the land in controversy, by a quit-claim deed, dated January 1, 1844, and recorded January 20, 1844, released his interest in the same, and some fifteen other tracts, to one George Smith, under whom the plaintiff claims. The deed is in the usual form of quit-claim deeds, conveying all the right, title and interest of the grantor in the land's described, except that after the description of the lands, it contains this clause : “ Intending to convey such only as are now owned by said Walker, and not any that may have been conveyed to any one else.”
The defendant gave in evidence a deed of bargain and sale, with covenants of warranty, from Walker to E. D. Taylor and others, embracing the land sued for, dated May 13, 1837, but not recorded. In the County Court the defendant had judgment. Unless Taylor and others were required to record their deed, as a protection against the subsequent quit-claim, under which plaintiff claims, the judgment must stand. To determine that question, it is only necessary to look to the language of the quitclaim deed, and ascertain what was intended to be conveyed by it. Such a deed is just as effectual for the purpose of transferring real estate, as a deed of bargain and sale; and had there been no words in the deed under consideration, showing an intention on the part of the grantor not to convey the land in question, there can be no doubt that the plaintiff would have been entitled to recover. The deed, however, contains a clause showing that the grantor did not intend to transfer by it any interest in lands which he had previously conveyed. It was competent for the grantor to insert such a limitation in the deed; and the grantee, by accepting such a deed, is bound by all the limitations it contains. The intention of the parties is the polar star by which Courts are always to be guided in the construction of contracts ; and can there be any question that Walker did not intend by his quit-claim deed to convey any land which he did not then own, or which might have been conveyed to any one else, when he has expressed that intention in the deed itself, as clearly as language could make it? It is clear, therefore, that no interest in the land in question passed by the quit-claim deed, because Walker had previously conveyed the same land to Taylor and others. He says that it was his intention to convey only such lands described in the quit-claim deed as he then owned, and his ownership over the land in controversy was as effectually parted with, as to him, as it would have been if Taylor and others had immediately placed their deed upon record.
To construe the clause under consideration as extending only to such lands as Walker had previously conveyed to persons who had put their deeds upon record, would be to give it no meaning whatever. His second conveyance could in no way affect their rights. It is probable that Walker, being at the time a large operator in lands, did not precisely recollect what tracts he had sold, and hence inserted a clause in his quit-claim deed, that would protect all who had purchased from him, whether their deeds were recorded or not, even though he should make a second conveyance of the same land.
We cannot doubt that it was Walker’s intention not to embrace in his quit-claim deed the land in controversy; and if a proposition so plain needed authorities to support it, it will be found to be abundantly sustained by the cases of Brown vs. Jackson, 3 Wheaton, 449, and McConnell vs. Reed, 4 Scammon, 117.
The judgment of the County Court is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
