54 A.2d 644 | D.C. | 1947
When riding as a passenger in defendant's taxicab plaintiff fell out and was injured. She sued for damages and has appealed from a judgment against her.
Included in the record is the deposition of a witness taken by defendant. Defendant has moved to strike the deposition from the record on the ground that it was not used in the trial. Although it was filed prior to trial, the statement of proceedings and evidence does not disclose that it was offered in evidence, in whole or in part, at trial. Plaintiff does not contend that the deposition was offered in evidence but asserts that references to its contents were made throughout the trial. Rule 24 of the trial court (substantially the same as Rule 26 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure,
Plaintiff and seven other persons, after returning from a boat ride, entered defendant’s taxicab at the Seventh Street wharf. While the testimony was not entirely in accord on the seating arrangements, it appears that six passengers — four adults and two children — occupied the rear seat and two adult passengers sat on the front seat with the driver. Plaintiff was the last passenger to enter and she sat on the lap of a male companion who sat on the extreme right of the rear seat. Neither defendant nor plaintiff closed the right rear door but all witnesses agreed that the door was closed and remained closed until the time of the accident. The taxicab was driven in a proper manner and after it had gone six or eight blocks, “all of a sudden” plaintiff fell out. Defendant stopped the cab within a short distance.
Neither plaintiff nor defendant nor any of the passengers gave any explanation why the door opened or why the plaintiff fell out. However, a police officer to whom report of the accident was made testified that plaintiff said she leaned against the door which opened and that was why she fell out. The officer also testified He tested all doors of the taxicab and found them in good order. Defendant testified he heard plaintiff tell the officers that she leaned against the handle of the door. Plaintiff testified that she did not at any time put her hand on the door.
The trial court found that defendant was negligent in overloading the taxicab but that such negligence was not the proximate cause of plaintiff’s injuries; that it was plaintiff’s own negligence or contributory negligence which proximately caused her injury.
On this appeal plaintiff’s argument is that defendant was guilty of negligence in overloading the taxicab and in not securely closing the door or seeing that it was closed; that this negligence as a matter of law was the proximate cause of plaintiff’s injury; and that as a matter of law plaintiff was not guilty of contributory negligence.
With respect to negligence in overloading, plaintiff relies on Order No. 2578 of the Public Utilities Commission, dated May 11, 1943, relating to taxicab “group riding.” Section 2 of the order provides that additional passengers shall be taken on “to the extent of the full carrying capacity of the cab, to wit: Three passengers in the rear seat and two passengers in the front seat, or five passengers in the rear seats and two passengers in the front seat, as the construction of the vehicle may permit.” The cab in question had only one rear seat, so its “full carrying capacity” was five passengers. If Order No. 2578 is a safety order limiting the number of passengers to be carried, then its violation was negligence as a matter of law.
With respect to the question of negligence of the driver in connection with closing the door, we think the high degree of care imposed on the driver required that he, take such precaution as the circumstances required to see that the door was securely closed before driving off. The crowded condition of the cab undoubtedly. made it more important that the .door be securely closed. The trial court could have found negligence- in this respect,
Whether the trial court correctly held' that the negligence of defendant in overcrowding the cab was not a proximate cause of plaintiff’s injury is unnecessary for us to decide, in view of the further finding that plaintiff was guilty of contributory negligence. If we assume that defendant’s negligence was a proximate cause of plaintiff’s injury, plaintiff’s contributory negligence still would bar recovery. Notwithstanding the high degree of care imposed on common carriers, passengers are re-' quired to exercise ordinary and reasonable care, as determined by the circumstances, for their own protection.
Affirmed.
Ross v. Hartman, 78 U.S.App.D.C. 217, 139 F.2d 14, 158 A.L.R. 1370, certiorari denied 321 U.S. 790, 64 S.Ct. 790, 88 L.Ed. 1080; Forbes v. Los Angeles Ry. Corporation, 69 Cal.App.2d 794, 160 P.2d 83.
Bell Cab Co., Inc., v. Coppridge, App.D.C., 158 F.2d 540.
Ligon v. International Ry. Co., 269 App.Div. 809, 55 N.Y.S.2d 444.
McKnight v. Red Cab Co., 319 Mass. 64, 64 N.E.2d 433; Roberts v. Economy Cabs, Inc., 285 Ill.App. 424, 2 N.E.2d 128; Richardson v. Portland Trackless Car Co., 113 Or. 544, 233 P. 540.
Garrow v. Seattle Taxicab Co., 135 Wash. 630, 238 P. 623, 45 A.L.R. 293.