Butcher v. Bloom

“eco in the name condemned and thority destroyed, Church Peter’s nomic convenience and St. progress,” be to many considered by which was Pittsburgh, in America. most beautiful Catholic Church Re v. Urban As this Court said Schwartz aptly 2d 371 192 A. 411 Pa. development Authority, 530, mushroom that : “This Court held (page 536) has of authorities at all levels of ing government or complaints arbitrarily frequent agencies or violate capriciously unintentionally ignore Federal rights which are ordained or guaranteed by it State Constitutions make established law imperative Key that a check rein them. kept upon be Commis Corp. stone v. Harness Raceway Racing State 405 Pa. 173 A. 2d 97 sion, (1961).” 1, These are some of the reasons why “blighted this area” Act therein powers granted must, of the Constitutional light guarantee private prop- erty and the American heritage Freedom, individual This, be scrutinized and searchingly construed. strictly Court lower failed do. I concur the remand.

Butcher v. Bloom.

307 Opinion 1966: February 4, Per Curiam,- previous Our opinion in na this case1 forth the sets ture, issues, background and ob litigation viates the need for extended present discussion sequel. opinion That embodied the conclusion of this (cid:127) Court that certain acts the Legislature,2 providing

for apportionment3 of both houses of the General Assembly this impair ah Commonwealth, resulted ment of the to. right vote conflict with the Federal Constitution and controlling decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States. We therefore such held acts invalid and void.

Having so this concluded, Court was thus confront- ed with the task of fashioning appropriate relief. We 1964, 438, Pa. (1964), 1 415 September 203 A. 2d 556 filed 29, January 9, 1964, 1, 2 The Act of (1963) 1419, No. P. L. 25 P.S. (Supp. 1965), providing apportionment §2221 for the legislative Representatives in seats the Assembly, House of the General January 9, 1964, 2, (1963) 1432, 25 the Act No. P. L. §2217 P.S. (Supp. 1965), providing districting legislative for the seats Assembly. the Senate of General the 3 preferable “districting” applied . are terms to the as “apportionment” formulation of senatorial districts as to House opinion employs interchangeably This terms districts. the i 4 following previous opinion: Reyn cited our See cases . , Sims, 533, (1964); S. olds v. 377 U.S. 84 Ct. 1362 Inc v. WMCA Maryland Lomenzo, 633, (1964); 84 Ct. 1418 Committee 377 U.S. S. 656, Representation Tawes, v. U.S. 84 Fair 377 S. Ct. 1429 for Mann, 678, (1964) ; (1964) ; 1441 84 S. Ct. Davis v. 377 U.S. Roman (1964); Forty- Sincock, 695, Lucas S. v. 84 Ct. v. 377 U.S. 1449 Colorado, 713, Assembly 377 U.S. 84 1459 S. General Ct. fourth 415, Silver, 1572 381 U.S. 85 S. Ct. Jordan v. (1964) See also . Butterworth, Pinney 564, curiam); 84 S. v. 378 U.S. (per (1965) Smylie, 563, curiam); (per v. 378 84 (1964) Hearne U.S. 1918 Ct. Hare, curiam) ; 561, (per v. 378 Marshall U.S. (1964) 1917 Ct. S. curiam) ; Kerner, (per v. U.S. Germano 378 1912 84 S. Ct. curiam); Moss, (1964) (per v. 378 Williams 560, 1908 Ct. S. 84 Rhodes, curiam) ; (per v. Nolan 558, 1907 Ct. 84 S. U.S. Meyers Thig curiam) ; (per v. 556, 1906 Ct. S. 84 U.S. 378 ) . (per 554, 1905 Ct. 84 S. curiam pen, U.S. 378 565-66, 457-58, 454-55, 2d at 567. A. 203 5 at Pa. 415 the 1964 the imminence that determined, however, the appor- utilization required election general notwithstand- in those acts, plans tionment contained disrup- prevent to serious in order their ing invalidity, governmental and essential processes of election tion that appropriate it we functions. Moreover, considered the pri- with government organ Legislature, reapportionment,6 for the task of mary responsibility a to enact con- be an additional opportunity afforded plan. reapportionment stitutional we de- retaining while Accordingly, jurisdiction, an judicial ferred further order to afford action on opportunity appropriate timely legislation .for part Assembly.7 General To assist for we set forth guidelines reap- constitutional task, portionment as mandated Federal Constitution by Supreme and decisions Court of the United States.8 previous our

Thus, opinion invited and urged legis- lative action. And while we acknowledged practi- cal difficulties to be we confronted, expressed hope judicial that further intervention would be rendered un- necessary by prompt constitutional legislation. At the same we time, sought to make clear that our reluctance into intrude an area primarily legislative re- reapportionment only responsibility “The task of is not Legislature, it also a function is which can be best accom plished by government. composition that elected branch Legislature, knowledge every part the which its the members from bring deliberations, techniques gathering to its the state its for information, legislative other inherent factors process, body appropriate drawing lines, for it the most make divi representative ding into senatorial districts.” Pa. state 415 . 461, at 2d 569 at A. 203 previous 7 adopted disposition ap approach in our was by Supreme proved United States. Court See Scranton (1964). 40, Drew, 207 85 S. Ct. U.S. v. 379 8 462-65, 2d at A. 570-71. 203 at Pa. 415

309 proceed- would not deter Court from this sponsibility that event ing reapportionment with task to do We there- Legislature failed so. concluded, fore, should the fail to enact a consti- Legislature Sep- than tutionally reapportionment valid “not later appropriate tember this Court would 1, 1965,” take to steps ensure that Com- the individual voters this monwealth are to right afforded their constitutional cast an vote.9 equally weighted

The deadline set forth in opinion passed our earlier without enactment Accord- required legislation. pursuant to our ingly, retained Court this jurisdiction, an issued order on September 29, notifying parties of our intention to proceed with the task such fashioning affirmative relief as would be neces- to sary ensure a valid constitutionally ap- legislative portionment for the forthcoming primary and general elections.

In order to secure assistance in re- fashioning such permitted our order lief, parties and all others interest to submit proposals for the statewide reap- portionment of both houses of the General Assembly. numerous and Thereafter, widely divergent plans were filed with this Court. Each proposal was carefully considered and evaluated in the course our delibera- tion.

In the formulation of the reapportionment plans herein we have been adopted, guided by the dictates the Federal Constitution and the controlling decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States. Our pri- concern been mary provide has for substantial equality population among legislative districts.. At we the same have time, sought to maintain the integ- political rity subdivisions and to create compact dis- of contiguous tricts territory, insofar as these goals 468, at A. 2d at 573. 9 Id.

310 popu- of the the circumstances under realized could'be We believe Commonwealth. Of this lation distribution (cid:127) constitutionally and sound. plans valid to be such princi pursuant Accordingly, mandate to' the hereby prior opinion, order we ples in our forth set reapportion Appendix be the A shall attached that Representatives Gen plan the House of for ment - Pennsylvania Assembly Commonwealth of the eral primary general forthcoming elections. 1966 for the Appendix B shall the attached further order-that We districting plan General of the for the Senate be Assembly Pennsylvania for Commonwealth -general primary forthcoming elections. 1966 Appendix plan districting sub B is contained The- following qualification ject. and direction: to thé hereby are di therein contained 50 senatorial’ districts by designated those vided. into two districts classes, dis constitute one class and those even numbers shall designated by tricts odd numbers' shall constitute other All 50 seats shall be filled class. senatorial forthcoming representing but election,10 senators odd numbered senatorial’ districts shall be elected to a; year representing term and' serve two senators even numbered -senatorial districts shall be elected to serve 1 year for a constitutional four term.1 plans Ap-

It further ordered that is set forth in pendices hereby adopted A and'B and shall remain constitutionally force and effect until altered.12 existing It 10 is well established de facto office holders public Hughes possess.no vested.tenure office. See v. WMCA Mann, (1965) (per curiam). v. 694 Davis 379 U.S. f 11 expiration provided o the At the terms office herein for by designated numbers, odd districts the elective term senatorial revert to the constitutional term of four districts for such provisions filling subject respecting years, the constitutional II, §2. Art. Const. Pa. vacancies. plans districting Ap reapportionment contained in on the United are based States decennial B cen- pendices A and APPENDIX A OF HOUSE REPRESENTATIVES* , The House of Representatives shall apportioned be as follows: First Representative shall con- District

sist of the first and second wards and fifth, the fourth, sixth, four- seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, thirteenth, teenth, fifteenth, eighteenth seventeenth and sixteenth, districts of the fifth ward of the in the City, Erie, Erie.

(2) The Second Representative con- District shall sist of the third and sixth wards and second the first, and third districts of the fifth ward of of Erie City of Erie. (Total Population: .55,381)

(3) The Third Representative District'shall'con- sist of the fourth ward and the eleventh and twelfth districts the fifth ward of the and the Erie, Any township, city sus of borough, 1960. or ward created since census, specifically provided appendices, such and not for in said part territory shall form a of the district which comprised to township, borough, city by pro- within such or ward is allotted plans adopted, according political visions of the herein to the divi- existing census; any township, sion at the time of such bor- any any ough, city ward, portion thereof, other, or or annexed city census, township, borough, ward such shall form a or since territory comprised part to which the within such district portion by city ward, thereof, township, borough, or or is allotted po- plans adopted, according provisions herein to the Except existing such at the time of census. as other- division litical city borough, township, provided, a or traverses coun- where wise municipalities portions respective ty lines, divided shall -so representative to which- senatorial or district within included be portions allocated. county are located herein such is in which : * of Districts Total Number 56,597 District: Per Ratio 11,319,366 Population of Commonwealth: Total of Erie. Township Millcreek, Population: 56,233) con- Representative The Fourth Mill of Elgin, the Boroughs of Corry,

sist of the City Wattsburg Waterford, North Union City, Village, East, Con- Amity, and Wesleysville, Park, Lawrence Harborcreek, Greenfield, cord, Greene, Waterford Venango, Union, North LeBoeuf, East, Population:. Erie. Wayne, e (cid:127) shall con Fifth Representativ East Cranesville, sist of the Boroughs Albion, City, Lake Girard, Springfield, Edinboro, Fairview, Conneautj Middleboro, Platea, Elk McKean, Franklin, Creek, Fairview, Girard, County Washington Summit and Springfield, of and the of Con Boroughs Cambridge Springs, Erie, Saegertown, neaut Conneautville, Lake, Linesville, Beaver, and and the Springboro Townships Venango, Fallowfield, Cambridge, Conneaut, East Cussewago, North South Hayfield, Shenango, Pine, Sadsbury, Shenango, Spring, Venango, Summerhill, Summit, and Fallowfield West the County Shenango, West Crawford. (cid:127) The

(6) Representative Sixth con- sist Cities Meadville and the Bor- Titusville, oughs Blooming Valley, Cochran ton, Centerville, Hydetown, Townville Spartansburg, and Woodcock, the Townships and of Athens, East Bloomfield, Fair- field, East-Mead, Fairfield, Oil Greenwood, Creek,. Randolph, Richmond, Rockdale," Rome, Steu- Sparta, Troy, ben, Union, Vernon, Wayne, 'West Mead."and in the Woodcock, (Total Popula- Crawford. tion: .55,499) Representative The Seventh District shall con- of the Cities of

sist Farrell and Sharon, the Boroughs Clarksville (also known as Clark), Sharpsville and South Hickory Wheatland, Popula- of Mercer. Pymatuning, tion: 63,345) con- Representative District shall Eighth Grove Boroughs

sist of Fredonia, Greenville, Sandy Jackson New City, Center, Lebanon, Jamestown, Middlesex, Stoneboro West Lake, Sheakleyville, and the Townships of Deer .Dela- Creek, Coolspring, East French ware, Findley, Lackawannock, Fairview, Lacka- Creek, Greene, Jackson, Jefferson, Hempfield, Mill Ver- wannock, Lake, Liberty, New Mercer, Creek, Otter non, Creek, Perry, Pine, Pymatuning, Salem, Sandy Creek, Sandy Springfield, Lake, Shenango, Sugar West Creek Grove, Wilmington, Wolf Salem, Worth, (Total Popula- Mercer. tion: 64,174) The Ninth Representative District shall con-

sist New Castle, of South Borough New Castle, Townships of Taylor Union, of Lawrence. (Total Population: 54,- 308) Representative Tenth District shall con-

sist of Bessemer, Ellwood Ellport, Enon New City, City, Wilmington, Volant Wam- pum, Big Beaver, Little Hickory, Beaver, Mahoning, North Neshannock, Beaver, Perry, Plain Grove, Pulaski, Scott, Shenango, Slippery Rock, and Wayne Washington, Wilmington, of County Lawrence. (Total.Population: 58,657) The Eleventh Representative District shall of the of consist City Butler, Boroughs .Ghicora, East Earns Butler, Fairview, City, Petrolia and. West' Sunbury,. Townships Butler, Center,- Clay, Concord, Clearfield, Donegal, Fairview, Oakland and in the Summit, County Butler. (Total Population: 56,619) shall Representative District

. The Twelfth Cherry Val Callery, Boroughs of Bruin, consist Harmony, City, Connoquenessing, ley, Evans Eauclaire, Saxonburg, Prospect, Harrisville, Portersville, Mars, Zelienoplé, Liberty Slippery and West Valencia, Rock, Brady, Townships Allegheny, Buf of Adams, and Cranberry, Connoquenessing, Cherry, Clinton, falo, Lancaster, Forward, ¡.Franklin, Jefferson, Jackson, Muddycreek, Penn, Parker, Marion, Mercer, Middlesex, Washington, Slippery Venango, and Winfield Rock, Population: (Total Butler. Worth, 58,020) ) Representative

(13 shall Thirteenth District The Bridge Big Boroughs of consist of the Beaver, Beaver, Darlington, Glasgow, In Homewood, water, Fallston, dustry, Koppel, and Galilee, New Midland, Monaco, Borough, Townships Heights, Patterson Brighton, Darlington, and the' Potter Ohio, Patterson, Popu South of Beaver. Beaver, 50,198) lation: Representative Fourteenth shall District Boroughs

consist of Beaver Falls, May City, Brighton Eastville, Ellwood West New - Daugherty, Chippewa, field, Sewickley, North Franklin, White, Pulaski and Marion, of Beaver.' ) (15 Representative Fifteenth shall Aliquippa, consist Frankfort , Springs, Georgetown Skippingporf Hookstown, .Heights, South of Center, Greene, Independence Hopewell, Hanover, Raccoon, (Total Population: of Beaver. .(16)' Representative he Sixteenth ‘T Boroughs Ambridge, Conway, Baden, Economy, East Roehestér, Freedom and Rochester, Townships Harmony, Sewickley New and Roches- Population: 51,- in of Beaver. County (Total ter, 497) shall The

(17) Representative Seventeenth tenth of the ninth and' consist third, fifth, seventh, and the twen election districts of the ward twenty-first wards of the. ty-sixth twenty-seventh City of Population: the County Allegheny. (Total- Pittsburgh, Representative The District shall (18) Eighteenth consist of the fourth and election sixth first, second, of the districts twenty-first twenty-séc- ward, ond, twenty-fourth twenty-fifth twenty-third, Alle- wards of the City Pittsburgh, gheny. (Total Representative The Nineteenth District shall

consist of the third and fifth first, second, wards, sixth and first, second, third, seventh- fourth, fifth, election districts of the eighth of the ward, City Allegheny. Popu- Pittsburgh, (Total lation: 57,796) The Twentieth Representative District shall

consist and tenth sixth, ninth, wards and the' thirteenth eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, and- twelfth, election fourteenth districts the eighth ward of the City Pittsburgh, Allegheny.

Population: 57,499) Twenty-first Representative District of the seventh consist

shall eleventh wards, tenth eighth, the sixth, seventh, ninth, and twentieth of the fourth election districts ward of the of Pitts Allegheny; burgh, Population:; 3 ) 7 6 50, . Twénty-second .Representative the thirty-first ward first; seC-' fourth, fifth,' éléventh, third, ond, twelfth,' thirteenth,' fifteenth, sixteenth, fourteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth' election nineteenth districts of the fourth ward eighth, ninth, sixth, seventh, and the third, fourth, fif fourteenth, twelfth, thirteenth, tenth, eleventh, eighteenth,. nineteenth seventeenth, teenth, sixteenth, ward fifteenth districts of the twentieth election Allegheny. County City Pittsburgh, in the of of Representative (23) Twenty-third District The sec- of the fourteenth ward and the first, shall consist ond and fifth election districts of the fifteenth ward Allegheny. City Pittsburgh, County of of of Population: (Total 51,801)

(24) Twenty-fourth Representative The District shall consist of the twelfth thirteenth wards of City Pittsburgh, Allegheny. (Total. of Population: 50,690) Representative Twenty-fifth The District eight-

shall consist of the seventeenth and sixteenth, City Pittsburgh, eenth wards of the Bor- ough County Allegheny. of Mt. in the Oliver, Population: 61,198) Twenty-sixth Representative The District

shall consist the fifteenth, seventeenth, sixteenth, eighteenth, twenty- twenty-first, nineteenth, twentieth, twenty-third, twenty-fourth, twenty-fifth, second, twen-. ty-sixth, twenty-seventh, twenty-ninth, thirtieth and thirty-first election districts of the nineteenth ward twenty-ninth, thirty-second thirtieth wards City Pittsburgh, Allegheny. (Total Population: 63,423) Twenty-seventh Representative District

shall consist of the second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth-,' eighth, seventh, ninth, tenth, eleventh, thir- twelfth, twenty-eighth fourteenth and teenth, election districts of the nineteenth ward and the twenty- twentieth and eighth wards of the of Pittsburgh, Allegheny. (Total Population: 57,138) Twenty-eighth Representative Boroughs shall consist of of Bell Acres, Ben Avon, Franklin Bradford '¡Woods, Edgeworth, Emsworth,' Sewick- Leétsdale, Osborne, Park,/C-lenfield, Haysville, Hills and Sewickley ley, "Sewickley Heights, Town- ships of McCandless, Aleppo, Xilbuck, Leet, Marshall, Ohio-; Pine of Allegheny. and .Richland, (Total,Population: ) (29 Representative Twenty-ninth The. .¡consist Ben

shall Bellevue,. Avalon Millvale West Avon Town Heights, View, ships of in- Reserve and the County Allegheny. Ross, ’ - (3d) The Representative District Thirtieth Fox Boroughs, Chapel Etna, the. Aspinwall, and and Sharpsburg the of Townships Hampton, and in the of Shaler, County O’Hara Allegheny., (Total Population-:; 62,905)

(31) The Thirty-first Representative District shall of the of Boroughs Oak Brackenridge, consist. ;mont and the of Townships Tarentum, Fawn, and-. Indiana Frazer, Harmar, and West Harrison, Deer, in the of County Allegheny. ) (32 The Thirty-second Representative District

shall of the of and Boroughs consist Blawnox Verona, and the Township of Penn in the of Hills, Alle Population: gheny: (Total 57,629) . '.-(33)-.-The Thirty-third Representative District shall, consist of-the of Boroughs Cheswick, Monroeville, Pitcairn, Wall Plum, and Springdale, and Wilmerding, of Townships., the Deer and in East. the Springdale, . of Population.: Allegheny: (Total 57,070) n (cid:127) n (34) Thirty-fourth Representative . District -The— of the of shall consist Boroughs Chalfont, Churchill, n '(cid:127) Fo.restrHil-ls:, -.-Wilkinshurg East- 'and Pittsburgh, Township-of-)Wilkins,- the--: County-of .- Allegheny PppulatiOn: 56,098) (.Total ( fifth . The 35) Thirty Representative District the shall consist of of Boroughs East Me- Braddock, part Keesport, Turtle Creek North Braddock, Allegheny Borough in of Trafford of the County Al- Township of the North Versailles, of Population: (Total 53,341) legheny. Representative Thirty-sixth District (36)

, The Edge- Boroughs Braddock Hills, of of shall consist Home- and West Swissvale Munhall, Homestead, wood, Population: County Allegheny. stead, 51,596) Representative Thirty-seventh District The Boroughs McKeesport, City

shall consist Township of and White Versailles Oak, Allegheny. South Versailles, Population: 57,350) Representative Thirty-eighth District Boroughs City DuQuesne

shall consist Dravosburg, Whitaker, West Mifflin and Rankin, Population: County Allegheny. (Total Representative Thirty-ninth Boroughs of shall consist of the Clairton, G-lassport, Liberty, Port Vue, Lincoln and Elizabeth, Elizabeth Forward, County Allegheny. (Total Representative The Fortieth Jefferson, Bethel Park,

Pleasant Hills and West Elizabeth Upper County of Snowden and St. Alle- of Clair, gheny. (Total Population: 57,095)

(41) Forty-first Representative The District Boroughs shall consist of the of Brentwood Baldwin, County Allegheny. (Total in the of Whitehall, Population: 54,270)

(42) Forty-second Representative The District Boroughs shall consist of the of Dormont and Castle Townships and the Shannon of Mt. Lebanon and Bald- County Allegheny. Population: (Total in the of win, 63,299) District The

(43) Forty-third Representative Crafton, of the of Boroughs shall consist Carnegie, Thornburg Green Farms and Tree, Ingram, Rosslyn Township and the of in the of Allegheny. Scott, County Population: (Total

(44) The District Forty-fourth Representative consist of the Heidel- of Boroughs Bridgeville, shall and that McDon- berg, part of the of Borough Oakdale in Allegheny Townships and the of County Collier, ald North Crescent, Findlay, and South Moon, Fayette in the of Popula- Fayette, Allegheny. (Total tion : 51,519) Forty-fifth Representative District Mc- consist Boroughs Coraopolis

Kees Rocks and Neville, Kennedy, Robinson and in the Stowe, Allegheny. (To- tal Representative Forty-sixth District shall Boroughs Burgettstown, Canonsburg, McDonald

Claysville, (part Alexan- West of), Midway, and West Middletown and der, the Townships Cross Blaine, Cecil, Creek, Donegal, Hope- Hanover, Mt. Independence, well, Jefferson, Pleasant, Robinson, Smith, Washington. Popu- lation : 50,156) The Forty-seventh Representative

shall consist of the City Washington, Boroughs Washington E. Houston, N. Buffalo, Canton, Franklin Chartiers, and South Franklin, County Washington. (Total Popu- lation: 49,398) The Forty-eighth Representative

shall consist Monongahela, of Beallsville, Bentleyville, Cokeburg, Fin- Ellsworth, and New leyville Eagle, Townships of N. Beth- Strubane, N. lehem, Nottingham, Peters, S. Somerset, Union, Strubane of Washington. Population: 49,117) Forty-ninth Representative The (49) California,' shall consist of of Boroughs Allenport, Diinlevy, Coal Centreville, Charleroi, Center, Donbra, N. Stock- Long Spears, Elco, Branch, Charleroi, Roscoe, Townships and W. and the Twilight dale, Brownsville, Goun of Fallowfield and W. Pike in the Carroll, Run, ) 2 4 6 of Washington. (Total Population: ty 55, eTh Fiftieth Representative District Marianno, consist Deemston and Boroughs Fin and the E: E. Amwell, Bethlehem, W. Bethlehem and Coun W. ley, Morris, Finley, . and all of ty Greene Washington, County Population: 52,760) Fifty-first Representative District-shall

consist of the City of Belle Uniontown, Boroughs- Fayette City Vernon, Townships' Newell, Menallen, and' Jefferson, Redstone, South Union- Washington, Fayette. (Total Popula- ' - - tion: . .

(52) The Fifty-second Representative District shall consist Connellsville, Boroughs of Dawson, Dunbar, Everson, S. Connells Perryopolis, ville and Vanderbilt, the nnells-v Co ille, Dunbar, Lower Franklin, N. Tyrone, Per Union, Upper ry Tyrone, Fayette. (Total- ) Population: 54,958 Fifty-third Representative District shall- * consist Brownsville, Fairchancé, Masontown, Markleysburg, Point Marion' Ohiopyle, and' (cid:127) Smithfield, Townships. of 'Bull-- Brownsville; skin, Georges, German, Henry Clay, (cid:127)-Nichol- Luzerne, ' Saltlick, Springhill, son, Springfield, Stewart Fayette. Wharton, (Total Population-: -- . The Fifty-fourth Representative District shall- of the Cities of Arnold,'Lower‘Burrell and-New the Boroughs of Kensington, East Vandergrift,- Hyde' tbe Town and and West Yandergrift Leechburg, Park, Westmoreland. of in the of ship County Allegheny, District shall Representative The (55) Fifty-fifth Export, Of the of Boroughs Derry, consist Avonmore, and Oklahoma, New New Salem Latrobe, Alexandria, Loyal- and the of Townships Franklin, Bell, Derry, County in the Upper Burrell and hanna, Washington, of Population: Westmoreland. (Total 55,045) Representative The District shall

(56) Fifty-sixth of Ir- consist of of City Boroughs Jeannette, N. Manor and Trafford and (part win, Irwin, of), County of N. and in the Townships Huntingdon Penn, of Westmoreland. 59,859) Representative The District

(57) Fifty-seventh shall consist of the City Boroughs Greensburg, S. Adamsburg, Arona, Hunker, Penn, Greensburg, Townships S. W. and and the Greensburg Youngwood, Hempfield of Westmor Salem, County eland. (Total Population: 63,261) The Fifty-eighth Representative District of the City shall consist Monessen, Boroughs N. Belle Suter- Madison, Vernon, Scottdale, Smithton, ville and and the Townships W. of E. Newton, Hunting- Sewickley S. in the don, Rostraver, Huntingdon, of Westmoreland. (Total Population: Representative Fifty-ninth District shall Boroughs of the consist Bolivar, Donegal, Ligonier, Mount New Pleasant, Seward and Florence, Youngs- Townships and the town, Cook, Donegal, Fairfield, Mount St. Clair Pleasant, Ligonier, Unity, of Westmoreland. (Total Population: Representative The Sixtieth shall Boroughs of the North Apollo, consist Leech- Apollo, Cliff and Ford Ford and the City, burg, Townships Parks and Gilpin, Bethel, Manor, Kiskiminetas, of Armstrong, Boroughs Saltsburg, , City Homer Blairsville, Jacksonville Center, of, Young, Conemaugh, Blacklick, Popu Indiana. Burrell, ) 9 lation: 53,95 . Representative Sixty-first City, of Parker Dayton, Freeport, Applewold, Kit- Atwood, Elderton, tanning, Valley, Bethlehem, Rural South .Manorville, Kittanning Worthington, West .and Boggs, Bradys Cadogan, Cowenshan Bend, Burrell, Hovey, Kittanning, Ma- East nock, Franklin, Madison, Ray honing, Perry, North Buffalo, Plumcreek, Pine, Sugar- South burn, South Redbank, Bend, Buffalo, Valley, Wayne Washington, creek, Franklin, West ijx'the County Armstrong. Population: (Total of 48,- 363) n (62)- Sixty-second Representative District The. Boroughs Armagh, Cherry shall of consist Tree, Clymer, Campbell^ Glen Marion Creekside, Indiana, Smicksburg, Shelocta and Center, Plumville, Townships Armstrong, Buffing- Brushvalley, Banks, Chferryhill, Mahoning, ton, Canoe, East East Wheat- Montgomery, Mahoning, field, Grant, North Green, Rayne, Mahoning, Washington, South Pine, West Ma- honing, County West Wheatfield White, and. Population: (Total 52,568) Indiana. 3) (6 Sixty-third Representative The District shall

. Boroughs of the consist of Pleasantville and Rouse- Cherry ville, Plum, Tree, Okland, Cornplanter, Allegheny, Oil Creek, and Pine- President, County grove, Venango, County and all of the Population: (Total 48,098) of Clarion.

(64) Sixty-fourth Representative The District of the Cities of shall consist Franklin City, and Oil the-Boroughs of Cooperstown, Clintonville, Em- Polk, Utica, lenton of Canal, Clinton, Cranberry, Frenchcreek, Irwin, Jackson, Mineral, Sugar- Sandycreek, Scrubgrass, Richland, Rockland, (Total County Venango. Victory, creek and Population: 54,605)

(65) Representative Sixty-fifth The shall District County County of War- consist Forest and the ren. Representative Sixty-sixth The District shall Township of.

consist DuBois and the Sandy, in the of Clearfield and all of the Coun- ty of Jefferson. Sixty-seventh Representative The Popula- consist of McKean.

tion: Sixty-eighth Representative

shall consist of the of Potter and. Tioga. (Total Population: 53,097) Sixty-ninth Representative District shall of Addison, Boswell, Berlin, City, Central Casselman, Confluence, Hoovers Garrett, Meyersdale, ville, Jennerstown, New New Baltimore, Salisbury, Centerville, Rockwood, Somer Shanksville, Stoystown, Wellersburg, set, ships Ursina and and the Town Allegheny, Brothersvalley, Addison, Black, Fairhope, Elk Lick, Greenville, Lari Jefferson, Jenner, Turkeyfoot, Lower mer, Lincoln, Milford, Middlecreek, Northampton, Quemahoning, Shade, South Somerset, ampton, Stonycreek, Upper Summit Turkeyfoot, and County (Total Population: in of Somerset. 57,355) (70) Representative The Seventieth District shall Boroughs of the consist of Benson, Paint and Windber, Townships Ogle Conemaugh, and the of and Paint, County Boroughs of and the Somerset, of Ebens- Scalp burg, South Ehrenfeld, Level, Fork, Summerhill Townships and the and Wilmore, of Adams, Cambria, Croyle, and Richland Summerhill in County of Cambria. ) District Representative The

'(71 Seventy-first Borough and of Johnstown of City shall consist Population: Cambria. (Total of of in the Dale, County 56,756)’ District Representative The

(72) Seventy-second Daisy- Brownstown, Boroughs of the shall consist Geistown, Franklin, Conemaugh, Ferndale, East town, West- and Yintondale Southmont, Lorain, Nanty-Glo, Taylor, East Conemaugh, Townships mont, Stoneycreek, Middle Taylor, Lower Jackson, Yoder, Cam- County and Upper Taylor, Yoder West Population: (Total 56,474) bria. Representative The Seventy-third Barnesboro, of the Boroughs

shall consist Ashville, Chest Galit- Springs, Cresson, Carrolltown, Cassandra, Sanker- Lilly, Loretto, Patton, Portage, zin, Hastings, and Tunnelhill, town, Spangler Cresson, Barr, Blacklick,

Allegheny, Chest, Clearfield, Portage, Carroll, East Dean, Elder, Gallitzin, Munster, West Carroll Reade, Susquehanna, Washington, of Cambria. (Total Population: White, 54,130) The Seventy-fourth Representative consist City

shall less the Clearfield, the Townships Cooper. of DuBois of Sandy and Population: Seventy-fifth Representative District of the County consist shall Elk, the Boroughs of Renova Cameron, and South Renova, Chapman, East Leidy, Keating West Keating, Noyes, Clinton. Seventy-sixth Representative District Lock Haven, Beech Avis, Creek, Flemington, Mill Loganton, Hall, Townships of Allison, Bald Eagle, Beech Creek, Colebrook, Crawford,

Castanea, Dunnstable, Gallagher, Grugan, Logan, Porter, Pine Greene, Creék, Lamar, Wayne County and in the and Woodward, Clinton, Boroughs Milesburg, Shoe, Snow Unionville, Townships Hall Centre and the Howard, Millheim, Liberty, Boggs, of Burnside, Curtin, Union, Howard, Snow Shoe, Marion, Walker, Miles, Haines, Penn, Gregg, County (Total in the of Centre. Potter, ' ' Population: 51,218) Seventy-seventh Representative The Boroughs Philips- shall consist of the of Bellefonte, burg, Philipsburg Port South Col- Matilda, Staté lege, Townships College, Ferguson, of Benner, Tay- Half Spring, moon, Harris, Huston, Patton, Rush, County lor and in the Worth, and the Town- Centre, ship Cooper, County of Clearfield.

Population: 61,414) Seventy-eighth Representative The County

shall of the consist of Bedford and the of Fulton. 'i (cid:127) Seventy-ninth Representative . District shall consist of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, eighth, sixth, seventh, ninth, tenth, twelfth eleventh, City fourteenth wards Altoona, (Total Population: 62,532) of Blair. Eightieth Representative District shall of the thirteenth consist ward of the of Altoona, Newry, Bellwood, Ducansville, Holli- daysburg, Williamsburg, Roaring Spring and Martins- burg, and the Allegheny, Antis, Blair, Logan Frankstown, Freedom, Greenfield, Juniata, Hus- Woodbury, Taylor North and Woodbury, ton, in (Total Population: of Blair. Eighty-first Representative (81) The District Borough Tyrone, Snyder Tyrone, Catherine, County Huntingdon, Borough Blair, less the Mount Union. Representative District Eighty-second (82) The the County and Mifflin of of all of the shall consist (To- County. Huntingdon Borough of Mount Union Population: 48,439) tal Representative Eighty-third District

(83) The Williamsport Town- City the and of of consist the shall (Total County Lycoming. ship Loyalsock, in the of of Population: 51,014) Representative Eighty-fourth

(84) District The Lycoming, County the less of of consist the shall (Total Township Loyalsock. Williamsport the of of Population: 58,353) Representative

(85) Eighty-fifth District The County County of of the of Union shall consist Population: 51,568) (Total Snyder. Representative Eighty-sixth District The County l County of of of Juniata,

shal consist Newburg Perry Boroughs of and Newville, and the Upper Townships Hopewell, Miff Lower Mifflin, County Upper Frankford and North Newton, lin, of Cumberland. Eighty-seventh Representative District Camp Boroughs Lemoyne, Hill, of the

shall consist Wormleysburg, Mechanicsburg, West Fairview and Townships Hampden, of' East Silver Pennsboro, Spring, North Frankford Middlesex, Lower Middleton, and West Cumberland. Pennsboro, (Total Population: Representative Eighty-eighth District Boroughs Holly

shall consist Mt. Carlisle, Springs, Cumberland and New and the Shiremanstown, Townships Upper of Lower Allen, Allen, Monroe, South Penn and Middleton, Dickinson, Cooke, of Cumberland. Eighty-ninth Representative

(89) The Borough Shippensburg (part of), shall consist Townships Shippensburg, Southampton and the Newton, Cumberland, South Shippens- Orrstown and Boroughs Chambersburg, Letter- burg (part of), Fannett, Southampton kenny, Lurgan, Hamilton, Greene, Popu- of Franklin. Thomas, St. lation: 48,587) Representative The Ninetieth Mercersburg, Greencastle, An

Mont Alto and Waynesboro, Quincy, Guilford, Metal, Montgomery, Peters, trim, of Franklin. Washington, County Warren Population: (Total 49,106) District shall Ninety-first Representative The

(91) Population: of the of Adams. County (Total consist District Representative The (92) Ninety-second consist of the Boroughs Dover, shall Dillsburg, Mt. Franklintown, Goldsboro, Lewisberry, Manchester, Wellsville York Spring North York, Grove, Wolf, Townships and the Haven, Carroll, Conewago, E. Manchester, Fairview, Jackson, Dover, Franklin, Manchester, Monaghan, Newberry, Warring- Paradise, and West the County Washington Manchester, ton, Population: 60,120) of York. (Total Ninety-third Representative The District (93) Boroughs Cross consist Dallas- Roads, shall Hanover, Jacobus, Rock, Logan- Glen town, Jefferson, New Freedom, Salem, New Seven Val- ville, Railroad, Winterstown Shrewsbury, Yoe, and the leys, Townships Codorus, Heidelberg, North Manheim, Hopewell, Penn, North Codorus, Shrewsbury, Spring- York, Manheim York. County field, of. West (Total Representative Ninety-fourth The District

(94) Boroughs Fawn Delta, consist Grove, shall Red Felton, Hallam, Prospect, Lion, Stewarts- East Wrightsville Windsor, Yorkana, town, Townships Hopewell, Hel East Chanceford, FaAvn, Windsor) Hopewell, Lower Lower lam, Chanceford, Spring Springettsbury, Peach Garden Bottom, Population; County in the of York. Windsor, 8) 59,20 Representative Ninety-fifth District The City Borough of consist of of York and shall ;- Population in the of York. York, West ) 60,030 Ninety-sixth Representative Distinct shall'consist Lancaster, (Total Population; 61,055) Lancaster. Ninety-seventh Representative Borough Petersburg

shall consist of and’ of East Hempfield, Lampeter, of East East Man- Upper West Earl heim, Leacock, and Lancaster, ' of Lancaster. e Ninety-eighth Representative Th Elizabeth- Columbia, Joy town, Manheim, Marietta, Mount and Mountville, Cbnoy, Donegal, East Mount Joy,'Penn, Rapho, Donegal Hempfield, West and West (Total Population: in of Lancaster. 57, )5 -10 (99) Ninety-ninth Represen tatiA^e District Boroughs shall of consist the of Adamstown, Akron, Ephrata, Denver, New Holland and Terre and Hill, Townships the of Clay, Brecknock, Caernarvon, Earl, Ephrata, Salisbury East East Earl, Cocalico, and West County (Total in Popula the Cocalico, of Lancaster. ) 8 : tion 47,90 ) (100 Representative The’One hundredth District Boroughs shall consist the of Christiana, Miller ,Quarry Strasburg Washington, ville, and the and sville Lampeter, of West Strasburg,' Sadsbury, Conestoga, Providence, Bart, Colerain, East Drumore, Drumore, Eden, Fulton, Man- Leacock, Little-Britain, Lan- in County and Martic, Peqnea, Paradise or, caster. Representative The One hundred and first

(101) shall Bor City Lebanon, and Mt. oughs Palmyra Gretna, South North South Londonberry, Annville, Annville, and West North Cornwall Londonderry, Cornwall, in West of Lebanon. Lebanon, Population: 51,908) The One Representa hundred and second

tive Lititz and Borough District shall consist of the the Townships of Warwick and in Elizabeth and Boroughs Lancaster, Cornwall, Cleona, Myerstown and Town Jonestown, the. Richland, ships of Cold East Swatara, Union,. Bethel, Spring, Ann Heidelberg, North. Hanover, Jackson, Millcreek, North Lebanon and ville, South Coun Lebanon, )3 of Lebanon. ty (Total Population: 51,20 The One hundred and Representativo third' District shall consist of the first, second, fourth, third, sixth, seventh, fifth, twelfth four- tenth, eleventh, teenth City wards Harrisburg, of Dauphin. The One hundred and fourth Representa-

tive consist of the thir- eighth, ninth, teenth and fifteenth wards of the Harrisburg, Paxtang' Penbrook, the Town- ship Susquehanna, Dauphin. (To- tal Population: 48,779) The One hundred and fifth Representative consist of

District shall the Boroughs' óf Lykens,.Gratz, Berrysburg; Williamstown, Elizabethville, Millersburg, Hummelstown Halifax, Dauphin, Uhiontown,” Townships of Lykens, Wiconisco, Williams, Wash Upper Mifflin, ington, Paxton, Halifax, Jackson, Jefferson, Rush, Wayne, Reed, Middle Lower Paxton, Hanover, East West Hanover and Paxton, South Hah- Dauphin. County of over, , Representative (106) One hundred and sixth Highspire, Boroughs of of the District' shall consist Royalton Town and the and Steelton, Middletown, ships Londonderry, Conewago, Derry, Lower Swa Dauphin. County tara and Swatara, in Population: 62,672) Representa- hundred and seventh The One City of Shamokin,

tive District shall consist Boroughs Heights, Kulpmont, Mt. Marion of Herndon, Snydertown, of Rush, and the Carmel Ralpho, West Mt. Shamokin, Zerbe, Carmel, Coal, Upper Washington, East Cameron, Cameron, Jackson, County Mahanoy, Mahanoy, in the Jordan and Lower of Northumberland.

\ Representa eighth The One hundred and tive District shall consist of the of Montour, Sunbury, of McEwens Turbotville ville, Milton, Northumberland, Riverside, East Watsontown, Delaware, Ohillisquaque, Mahanoy, Augusta, Little Lower Lewis, Upper Augusta Point, Rockefeller, Turbot, and West Ohillisquaque, (To of Northumberland. Population: 60,511) tal Representative The One hundred and ninth (To- consist of

District shall of Columbia. Population: 53,489) tal Representative The One hundred and tenth (To- shall consist of the of Bradford. Population: 54,925)

tal ) (111 The One hundred eleventh Representative.shall consist of the' Counties of Sullivan, Susquehanna .Wyoming. (Total Population: 56, 1 ) -20 (112) The One hundred Representa- and twelfth shall consist of tive District eighth, sixth, ninth, eight- eleventh, twelfth, sixteenth, seventeenth, tenth, twenty-second twen- and eenth, nineteenth, twentieth, County City ty-fourth wards the Scranton, Population: (Total 55,074) of Lackawanna. Represent

(113) The One hundred thirteenth and shall ative District consist of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, seventh, thirteenth, fifteenth, fourteenth, f twenty-first twenty-third City and wards o the Popu (Total the Lackawanna. Scranton, 56,369) lation:

(114) Repre- The One hundred and fourteenth City sentative District shall consist of the of Carbon- Boroughs dale, Clarks Green, Summit, Clarks Jermyn, Mayfield, Taylor Forge, Dalton, Old Moosic, Vandling, Townships Abington, and and Ben- ton, Carbondale, Fell, Glenburn, Greenfield, LaPlume, Abington, Abing- North Newton, South Ransom,-Scott, Abington, ton and West of Lackawanna. Representa- The One hundred and fifteenth Boroughs tive shall District consist of the of Arch- Blakely, City, Oly- bald, Dickson Dunmore, Moscow, Throop phant, Jessup, Townships, and Covington, Lehigh, Clifton, Elmhurst, Jefferson, Madi- Roaring Spring Brook son, in Brook, of Lackawanna. Representa- The One hundred and sixteenth

tive shall Hazleton, Boroughs of Freeland, West Jeddo, Hazleton and White Haven, Black Fos- Creek, .(Total Popu- ter Luzerne. Hazle, lation: Repre- The One hundred and seventeenth consist of

sentative of Ash- ley, Conyngham, Nescopeck, Nuangola, Sugar Notch, Plymouth, Shickshinny Run, Warrior and New Colum- Townships of bus, Butler, Dennison, Dorrance, Nes- ITollenback, Fairview, Hanover, Lake, Lehman, Wright, (cid:127)eopeck, Sugarloaf, Union, Ross, Rice, Salem, County- Huntington Luzerne. and Fairmount, Population: 58,437) Repre- eighteenth The One hundred and City of Pittston, District shall consist of the sentative Hughestown, Dupont, Duryea, Boroughs of Avoca, Run Laurel Laflin, Yatesville, Bear.’ Plains Creek, of Buck, Jenkins, Pittston, Popu- County of Luzerne. Wilkes-Barre, 52,162) : lation Repre

(119) The One nineteenth hundred and City Of Nanti sentative District shall consist of the ‘ Boroughs Larks coke, Courtdale, Edwardsville, Wy Pringle, Swoyersville and ville, Luzerne, West , Townships oming, Conyngham and the Hunlock, Plymouth, County Newport, Slocum and of Lu zerne.

(120) Representa- The One hundred and twentieth Boroughs tive District shall consist of Exeter, Forty Kingston, Wyoming Fort, West Pittston, Dallas') Townships Jack- Exeter, Franklin, Kingston County in- son, of Luzerne. Dallas, (Total Population: 58,206)

(121) twenty-first Repre- The One hundred and sentative District shall consist of the of Wilkes- County (Total Population: in Barre, Luzerne. ' 63,551)'. (122) twenty-second Repre- The One hundred and sentative District shall consist of tlie of Car-' bon; (Total Population; - twenty-third Repre One hundred and Boroughs sentative District shall Miners-ville, Gilberton,.Mahanoy City, Middleport, McAdoo, Philadelphia, Ringtown, ew Shenandoah and N St. Blythe, Clair, East Delano, Norwegian, East Mahanoy, Union, Kline, New Castle, Union and West North Union, Norwegian, Ryan, Popula of Schuylkill. Mahanoy, 1) 3 : tion 58,7 ' Repre The One hundred and twenty!ourth' of Pottsville, District shall'consist the City sentative Deér Me thé'Boroughs Coáld'ale, Cressona, Lake, Mount New chanicsville, Orwigsburg; Carbon, Ringgold, Palo Port Port Clinton and Alto, Carbon, Tainaqua, Man of East North Brunswick, Penn and' West héiih/Rahn, Rush, Schuylkill, Walker, West Brunswick, Schuylkill. (Total- ' Population--: 58,790) - The One Repre-' hundred- and twenty-fifth sentative District shall consist of the of Pine Tower Grove, City, Gir 'Treinont, Ashland, Frackville, ardville, Gordon, Landingville and Auburn, Schuylkill and the Townships of Haven,- Barry, Cass, Branch, Pine Eldréd,'Foster, Frailey, Hegins, Hubley, Grove, Porter, Úppér Reilly, Treinont, Mahantango, Washing Butler and' South ton, Wayné, Manheim, of' Schuylkill. (Total- Population: (cid:127) The One' hundred and twenty-sixth Repre- sentative District shall consist of the seventh; eleventh, twelfth, thirtéenth, seventeenth fourteenth, fifteenth, and nineteenth "wards of the City in the' Reading, of -Berks. County The One hundred

(127) and twenty-seventh Rep resentative District--shall consist of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, eighth, sixth, ninth, six tenth, and eighteenth teenth wards of the City of Reading, ) - in.'-the Gouiity "Berks. (Total Population:-49,626 ' ) 8 The' One hundred (12 and twenty-eighth' Repre shall sentative-' consist’ of' the Boroughs' District7 Mount Birdsboro, Mohn'ton,'- Penn, West Sliillington, Reading," Wyomissing, St: Eenhorst, Lawrence, in; of Adamstown that-part located Berks ahd' County, th'é-'Tównships Amity, Brécknock, Cum- Caernarvon," Union, Robeson and Alsace, Lower ru, Exeter, 59,639) of Berks. County Repre- twenty-ninth hundred and The One (129) the Boroughs shall consist of sentative Robe- Lenhartsville, Centerport, Hamburg, Bernville, Strausstown, Sinking Spring, sonia, Shoemakersville, West Womelsdorf Leesport, Wernersville, Lawn, Bern, of Albany, Wyomissing Hills, Low- Heidelberg, Jefferson, Centre, Greenwich, Bethel, Ontelaunee, North er Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Marion, Tulpe- South Heidelberg, Spring, Tilden, Penn, Perry, Wind- Upper Upper hocken, Bern, Tulpehoeken, (Total Population: 56,- of Berks. sor, 817) Representa- The One hundred and thirtieth

tive District shall consist of the Bally, Tem- Bechtelsville, Boyertown, Fleetwood, Laureldale, Kutztown and ple, Topton, Lyons, of Alsace, Colebrookdale, District, Earl, Douglass, Hereford, Rock- Longswamp, Muhlenberg, Pike, Oley, Maxa- land, Ruscombmanor, Washington, Maidencreek, tawny Richmond, Berks. Population: The One hundred and thirty-first Repre-

sentative consist of the first, second, third, twelfth, thirteenth, six- fourteenth, fifteenth, eighteenth nineteenth teenth, wards in the City Allentown, Lehigh. (Total Popula- tion: 53,407) The One hundred and thirty-second Repre

sentative District shall consist of the fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh and seven teenth wards Allentown, the Lehigh. (Total Population: The One hundred and thirty-third Repre- District shall sentative consist of that part of the City in situate of Bethlehem Lehigh County, the Boroughs of and Fountain Coplay Hill, Catasanqua, and White- of Whitehall Townships South Hanover, Population: 60,- in (Total of Lehigh. hall, 817) Repre- thirty-fourth One hundred and

(134) The Al- of Boroughs District shall consist sentative Slating- Macungie buritis, Coopersburg, Emmaus, Lower Macun- Townships and the ton, Heidelberg, North Whitehall, gie, Milford, Lowhill, Lynn, Lower Upper Upper Upper Salisbury, Macungie, Milford, Washington Saiicon, Weisenberg, of Lehigh. (Total Population: 58,372) Repre- The One hundred and thirty-fifth part sentative shall consist located City Northampton County. Bethlehem Repre- One hundred and thirty-sixth sentative District shall consist of the Easton, West Glendon and Wilson, Easton, Hellertown, Williams and Lower Northampton. Saucon, Popu- lation: The One hundred and thirty-seventh Repre-

sentative District shall Ban- Boroughs of East gor, Bangor, Freemansburg, Nazareth, Portland, Stockertown and Roseto, Tatamy, Forks, Bethlehem, Lower Hanover, Mount Bethel, Upper Lower Nazareth, Palmer, Mount Upper Bethel, Nazareth Washington, Northamp- ton. The One hundred and thirty-eighth Repre- consist of

sentative the Boroughs of Pen Chapman, Argyl, Wind Gap, Bath, Northampton, North Catasaqua, Walnutport, and the Townships of Bushkill, Moore, Plainfield, Allen, East Allen and in the County Lehigh, Northampton, the Town- ships Tunkhannock, Jackson, Chestnuthill, Eldred, County of and Stroud, Ross Polk, Hamilton, - Population: 50,990) (Total Monroe. Repre thirty-ninth (139)

. hundred and The One Wayne, County of District shall consist sentative Boroughs Poco County of Mount and the of Pike, ...Stroudsburg Gap, East and. Water no, .Delaware Coolbaugh*' Townships Stroudsburg, and the Barrett* , (cid:127) Tpbyhan Pocono, Price, Middle Smithfield, Paradise (Total County Monroe.- na in the and Smithfield, Population: 63*643) fortieth, Representa-;

(140) The One hundred Boroughs Bristol of the- tive District shall consist qf Tullytown, Town- the fifth and ninth wards ship Township the; and the Bristol, Falls,- in Population: (Total 51;083) of Bucks. Representa forty-first The One hundred , tive District shall consist of the first, third, second eighth.-and- tenth fourth, sixth, seventh, .wards of the n ( Township Total of Bucks. Bristol, Population: 52,113) Repre-. forty-second -The One hundred and

. Boroughs, sentative District shall consist of - Yardley, Langhorne Langhorne, Manor, Penn.del, - "Townships-,of Hulmeville and Morrisville, County.-of. Lower Makefield and in. Middletown, -- , Population: Bucks. .- forty:third' Repre- The One hundred and . sentative District shall consist of-.. - qf Ivy Townships land, Newtown New- Wrightstown, Northampton, Southamp- town, Lower Upper Bensalem and ton, Makefield,; .-the Bucks. forty-fourth The One hundred Repre- and' . District shall

sentative Boroughs- Hope, Doylestown, New -Chalfont and New -.Britain,-, Solebury, Buckingham, New Doylestown, Britain, Warwick, .Warring- Warminster, Southampton, Upper of Bucks. ton and Repre- forty-fifth (145) The hundred and One Boroughs Dub- District shall consist of the sentative Riegelsville, Richlandtown, Perkasie, lin, Quakertown, Trumbauersville, Telford and Sellersville, Silverdale, Bridgeton, Durham, of Bedminster, Haycock, Nocka-. East Rockhill,. Hilltown, Milford, Springfield, Tinicum and mixon, Plumstead, Richland, Popu- (Total in West of Bucks. Rockhill, 50,513) lation:

(146) Repre- forty-sixth The One hundred and Boroughs East sentative shall consist of the of Pennsburg, Red and Greenville, Pottstown Greenlane, Townships Douglass, and of Hill, Lower Potts- grove, Marlborough, Upper New Hanover, Frederick, Upper Upper Pottsgrove Hanover, and Potts- West grove, County Montgomery. Popula- in the of 52,379) tion: forty-seventh Repre- The One hundred and Boroughs

sentative District shall consist of the of Col- legeville, Royersford, Tel- Schwenksville, Souderton, Trappe, Townships ford and and the of Franconia, Lower Limerick, Lower Frederick, Lower Providence, Skippack, Upper Salford, Perkiomen, Salford, Provi- Upper dence and Salford, of Mont- gomery. (Total Population: 54,812)

(148) The Repre- One forty-eighth hundred and sentative District Boroughs shall consist of the of Bridgeport, Conshohockenand West Conshohocken, Townships Upper Plymouth, Merion and White- Montgomery. (Total Popula- marsh, 58,631) tion:

(149) The One forty-ninth hundred Repre- sentative District shall Borough consist of the of Nar- Township berth, Lower Merion, the Coun- ty Montgomery. (Total Population: 64,529) Representa-

(150) The One hundred and fiftieth Borough Norris- tive District shall consist of the Norriton West and the of East town, County Montgomery. (Total Popu- Norriton, in the lation: Representa- fifty-first The One.hundred and Boroughs

tive District shall consist of the of Ambler, and North Town- Hatfield, Lansdale, ships and the Wales, Gwynedd, Montgomery, Lower Towa- Hatfield, Upper Whitpain Gwynedd, mencin, and Worcester, County Montgomery. (Total Population: 56,- 962) fifty-second Repre- The One hundred and

sentative District shall consist of the Bryn Athyn Hor- Hatboro, Upper Upper Lower sham, Dublin Moreland, More- County Montgomery. Popula- land, tion: fifty-third Repre- The One hundred and Borough District shall consist of

sentative of Rock- ledge Township Abington, Montgomery. (Total Population: 58,418)

(154) fifty-fourth Repre- One hundred and sentative District Borough shall consist of the of Jen- and the kintoAvn, of Spring- Cheltenham and Montgomery. of (Total Popula- field, 61,659) tion:

(155) fifty-fifth The One Representa- hundred and tive City District shall consist of the of Coatesville, Boroughs Parkesburg, Atglen, Honey Brook and El- ToAvnships and the verson, Valley, Sadsbury, Cain, Sadsbury, West West West Cain, Brandywine, East Brandywine, Upper Uwchlan, Uwchlan, Wallace, Honeybrook, West Vincent, Coventry, Warwick, South Coventry, North Coventry, East East Nantmeal and West Nantmeal, Chester. Pop- 53,213) ulation: Repre fifty-sixth The One hundred and shall consist the Boroughs

sentative West Chester and Downingtown, Malvern, Townships of West Goshen, East East Cain, Goshen, Easttown and West Willistown, Whiteland, )8 of Chester. 52,04 Repre- One hundred and fifty-seventh sentative consist

Phoenixville and Spring City,

East Whiteland, Tredyffrin, Charlestown, Schuylkill, West East Pikeland and East Pikeland, Vincent, (Total Population: Chester. The One hundred and fifty-eighth Repre- sentative District shall Avon- Boroughs of Kennett dale, Modena, South Coates- Square, Oxford, ville and West and the Townships of Gar- Grove, New den, Newlin, New Penn, East London, Birmingham, East Bradford, East Fallowfield, East Marlborough, Nottingham, Elk, Franklin, London Highland, Kennett, (cid:127) London Britain, Londonderry, Lower Grove, Oxford, Pennsbury, Pocopson, Upper Thornbury, West Oxford, West Bradford, West Fallowfield, West Marlborough, Nottingham Westtown, County of Chester.

(159) The One hundred and fifty-ninth Repre- sentative District shall consist of the first, second,' third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, ninth eighth, tenth of the City wards Chester, the County of (Total Population: Delaware. The One hundred and sixtieth Representa-

tive District shall consist of the eleventh ward of the Chester, Boroughs Marcus Hook, Trainer Upland, Townships of Aston, Chester, and Upper Lower Chichester Chichester, the County Population: (Total of Delaware. 50,188) The One hundred (161) and sixty-first Representa- shall consist tive of the Boroughs of Eddy- Rutledge Ridley Prospect Park, Park, stone, Morton, Townships Ridley and of the and Swarthmore, and by the ...Springfield part and surrounded bounded- of Townships Nether of Borough and of Swarthmore County Ridley, of Delaware. and Providence in. 61,797) (Total Repre-

- sixty-second (162) and One hundred The Boroughs Col- of of the shall consist sentative lingdale, Hill, Sharon Norwood, Glenolden, Folcroft, Townships- Darby Coun- and Tinicum, Population: 55,355) ty of Delaware. Repre- sixty-third

(163) and The One hundred Boroughs Al- of the District shall consist sentative Colwyn, Darby, Heights, Lansdowne Clifton dan, second ward the sixth district of the Yeadon, Township Upper Darby, Dela- ware. Repre- sixty-fourth One hundred and The. Boroughs Mill- District shall of the

sentative bourne and East second Lansdowne, first, (less district), sixth seventh, third, fifth, fourth, sixth, eighth Township Upper and tenth wards of the Dar- (Total Population: by, Delaware. 61,- 649) -sixty-fifth Repre- One hundred- and

sentative District consist of-the eleventh, ninth, Upper Township and thirteenth twelfth wards Darby, Township Springfield (excepting that'segment by Borough bounded and surrounded of Swarthmore of Nether Providence Ridley), (Total Popu- of Delaware. lation: sixty-sixth Repre- The One hundred Township District shall consist

sentative Popula- Haverford, Delaware. tion: sixty-seventh One hundred and Repre- Borough District shall consist of

sentative of Media, Provi- Upper Radnor and of Townships Marple, Population: in Delaware. County (Total of dence, Repre- The One hundred and sixty-eighth shall consist of the sentative District of. Val- Parkside and Rose Chester Brookhaven, Heights, Con- ley, Bethel, Birmingham, New- Nether cord, Edgemont, Middletown, Providence, (To- town and in the Delaware.. Thornbury, County tal Population: 49,287)

. (169) The One hundred and Repre- sixty-ninth sentative District shall consist of the fifty-seventh, wards of of Phila- fifty-eighth sixty-sixth the City Popu- delphia, County Philadelphia. : lation 53,921)

(170) The One hundred and seventieth Repre- . District shall consist thirty-fifth sentative sixty-third of the wards in City Philadelphia, of Philadelphia. County (Total Population: 51,425) (171) The One hundred and . seventy-first Repre- sentative District shall the fifty-third and fifty-sixth wards the City of Philadelphia, of Philadelphia. (Total Population: 54,454)

. (172) The One hundred and seventy-second Repre- sentative District shall consist of the fifty-fifth sixty-fourth wards of the City Philadelphia, Philadelphia. (Total Population: 53,173)

(173) The One hundred and seventy-third. Repre- sentative District shall consist of the forty-first of the sixty-fifth wards City of Philadelphia, of Philadelphia. (Total Population: 49,654) . The One hundred and seventy-fourth Repre. sentative District shall consist of the fifty-fourth and wards of the sixty-second City Philadelphia, the' of Philadelphia. (Total Population: 57,656) The One hundred . seventy-fifth Reprer; consist of sentative the twenty-third and. Philadelphia, the- City forty-fifth wards Philadelphia. County of Repre- seventy-sixth

(176) The One hundred and forty-second and shall consist of sentative Philadelphia, in' the forty-ninth wards Philadelphia. County of Rep- seventy-seventh

(177) The One hundred and twenty-fifth and of the District shall consist resentative City Philadelphia, in the thirty-third of the of wards Philadelphia. Population: 59,329) County (Total of Repre- seventy-eighth (178) The One hundred and thir- the seventh and District shall of sentative consist Philadelphia, City Coun- ty-first the in the of of wards Population: Philadelphia. ty (Total 55,296) of Repre- seventy-ninth (179) The One hundred and thirty-seventh of District shall consist the sentative City forty-third Philadelphia, in the of wards the of Philadelphia. Population: County (Total 56,387) of Representa- (180) eightieth The One hundred and eighteenth of tive District shall consist the and nine- City Philadelphia, wards of the of Coun- teenth Population: Philadelphia. ty (Total 58,127) of (181) eighty-first Repre- One The hundred and District shall consist of the twentieth and sentative forty-seventh City Philadelphia, of the

wards of in the Philadelphia. (Total Population: County 54,936) of eighty-second (182) Repre- One The hundred and District shall of the fifth four- sentative City Philadelphia, of the of wards teenth the Coun- Population: Philadelphia. (Total ty 55,107) of (183) eighty-third Repre- One The hundred and shall consist of the first sentative and second City Philadelphia, of County in wards of' Population: Philadelphia. (Total 61,237) (184) eighty-fourth One The hundred Repre- thirty-ninth shall consist of sentative ward City Philadelphia, in County of Philadel- Population: (Total phia. Repre- The One hundred and eighty-fifth

(185) twenty-sixth District shall consist of the sentative in the Philadelphia, wards of the City forty-eighth Population: 57,124) Philadelphia. Repre- The eighty-sixth One hundred and ward sentative District shall consist of the thirty-sixth Philadel- City Philadelphia, phia. (Total Population: 55,519) Repre- The One hundred and eighty-seventh

sentative District shall consist thir- eighth tieth wards City Philadelphia, of Philadelphia. Repre- One hundred and eighty-eighth

sentative District shall consist of the fortieth ward Philadel- Philadelphia, phia. One hundred and eighty-ninth Repre-

sentative District shall consist of the forty-sixth fifty-first wards of the City of Philadelphia, County Philadelphia. of (Total Population: 60,589)

(190) One hundred and ninetieth Representa- tive District shall consist of sixth the and twenty- of seventh wards of City Coun- Philadelphia, Philadelphia. of ty (Total Population: 60,467) The One (191) hundred and ninety-first Repre- sentative District shall consist of the third and six- of of tieth wards the City in the Philadelphia, County of Philadelphia. (Total Population: 56,158) The One hundred

(192) and ninety-second Repre- District sentative shall consist of the thirty-fourth of of City ward in the Philadelphia, of Phil- County adelphia.. (Total Population: 50,896) The One hundred

(193.) and ninety-third Repre- District shall sentative consist of the fourth and forty- of wards the City fourth of Philadelphia, the County Philadelphia. (Total Population: of 57,724) The One hundred

(194) and ninety-fourth Repre- District shall consist sentative of the twenty-fourth Philadelphia, City fifty-second of of the wards County Philadelphia. 58,- of 288) Repre- ninety-fifth

(195) One hundred fifteenth of the sentative District shall consist Philadelphia, City in the twenty-ninth wards of of Philadelphia. (Total Population: 54,816) County of Repre (196) ninety-sixth The One hundred l thirty-second District of sentative shal consist City County Philadelphia, Phil of ward adelphia. (Total Population: 52,795) Repre-

(197) ninety-seventh The One hundred and sentative District shall consist of the sixteenth twenty-eighth City Philadelphia, in the wards of the Philadelphia. County (Total Population: 56,584) Repre- ninety-eighth The One hundred and District sentative ty-eighth shall consist of and thir- the eleventh City Philadelphia,

wards of in the Philadelphia. (Total Population: 56,734) Repre- ninety-ninth The One hundred and seentative District shall consist of the ninth and twen- ty-first City Philadelphia, wards in the Philadelphia. Representative The Two hundredth twenty-second fiftieth wards City Philadelphia, of Philadel- phia. (Total Population: Representative The Two hundred and first fifty-ninth shall consist of the twelfth and Philadelphia, AVardsof the Philadelphia. (Total Population:

(202) The Two Representa-' hundred and second five'District shall thirteenth, consist of the and seven- City of teenth wards of Philadelphia, County Philadelphia. ( Population: of Total 58,856)

(203) The Two hundred Representa- and third shall tive of District consist the tenth sixty-first in of of of tlie City County wards Philadelphia, Philadelphia. Population: (Total

APPENDIX B

SENATE* The Senate shall be districted follows: as consist (1) The shall First Senatorial District twenti- the first, second, fifth, fourteenth, eighteenth, Philadelphia, eth and thirty-ninth City wards of the Population: 238,-' Philadelphia. (Total ’ " - 235) V

(2) The Senatorial consist Second shall eighth, fifteenth, twenty-fourth, twenty-ninth, wards of the thirtieth, thirty-sixth forty-eighth Philadelphia. City Philadelphia, (Total

(3) The Third Senatorial consist the eleventh, thirty- sixteenth, nineteenth, thirty-second, seventh, forty-third wards of forty-seventh Philadelphia, Philadelphia. Population: 221,521)

(4) The Fourth Senatorial District shall consist of the twenty-third, twenty-fifth, thirty- thirty-first, third, forty-fifth, fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth and sixty-sec- ond wards the City Philadelphia, the County of Philadelphia. Fifth Senatorial District shall

the seventh, twelfth, thirteenth, seventeenth, forty-sec- forty-ninth sixty-first ond, wards of the City of - Philadelphia^ of Philadelphia. Population: 213,437) . .. t

* Total Number Distric s 50 per District 226,387 Ratio Population 11-,319,366 of Commonwealth Total B46 shall consist .The Sixth Senatorial fifty- fifty-third, fifty-sixth, forty-first,

the thirty-fifth, sixty- sixty-fourth, sixty-third, seventh, fifty-eighth, Philadelphia, City fifth and wards of the sixty-sixth Philadelphia. in the The Seventh Senatorial District forty- fourth, sixth, twenty-eighth, thirty-fourth, por- and sixtieth

fourth, fifty-second wards, tion of the ward which is bounded on thirty-eighth Ridge north Park on the by Hunting by east Avenue, Avenue and Thirty-third and on the west Street, south of Philadel- by Schuylkill River, City Philadelphia. Popula- phia, tion: 222,035) Eighth Senatorial District shall consist the third, twenty-sixth, fortieth, twenty-seventh,

forty-sixth fifty-first Phila wards of the City delphia, the.County Philadelphia. (Total Popu * lation: 207,225) (9) The Ninth Senatorial District shall consist the-City Chester, Boroughs Chester Heights, Marcus Hook, Trainer, Upland, Eddystone, Ridley Prospect Park, Park, Norwood, Morton, Rutledge, Glenolden, Sharon Folcroft, Hill, Colwyn and Darby, and the Townships of Darby, Tinicum, Ridley, Chester, Lower Upper Chichester, Chichester, Aston, Bethel, Concord, Birmingham and Thornbury, of Delaware. (Total Population: Tenth Senatorial shall consist

of, of Bristol, Bedminster, Bridgeton, BpcMngham, Doylestown, -East Durham, Rockhill, * An additional senatorial district for the Philadelphia by Legislature was created designated of 1964 and Thirty-Sixth as Senatorial legislative District. That additional designation and numerical district appears is here retained and sequence. numerical

347: Milford, Lower Makefield, Haycock, Falls, Hilltown, Northampton, New Britain, Newtown, Nockamixon, Tinicum, Springfield, Solebury, Plnmstead, Richland, West Rock- Upper Makefield, Warrington, Warwick, hill, Wrightstown Warminster, Mor- Ivyland, Bristol, DoylestoWn, Dublin, Chalfont, Perkasie, Britain, Hope, Newtown, New New risville, Sellersville, Quakertown, Richlandtown, Riegelsville; and Tullytown Silverdale, Telford, Trumbauersville, Population: of Bucks. Yardley, County 231,542) The Eleventh shall Senatorial District con-

sist of the of Adams- City Boroughs Reading, town, West- Bally, Bechtelsville, Boyertown, Birdsboro, Mt. Reading, Kenhorst, Mohnton, Penn, Shillington, St. Kutz- Lawrence, Temple, Laureldale, Lyons, Topton, town, and the Fleetwood, Townships Maxatawny, Richmond, Lower Maidencreek, Muhlenberg, Alsace, Alsace, Caernar- Exeter, Robeson, Cumru, Brecknock, von, Union, Amity, Douglass, Colebrookdale, Earl, Oley, Ruscombmanor, Rockland, Longswamp, Pike, and District, Washington Hereford, Berks. (Total Population:

(12) The Twelfth Senatorial of the Townships of Horsham" Cheltenham, Abington, Lower Upper Moreland, Moreland, Boroughs of Bryn Athyn, and Hatboro, Rockledge, Jenkintown, Montgomery, Lower Bensalem, Middletown, Southampton Upper Boroughs Southampton, Hulmeville, Lang- horne, Manor and Langhorne Penndel, '' of. Bucks. The Thirteenth Senatorial'District shall con

sist of the Lancaster, Townships of Man heim, Colerain, Bart, Conestoga, Conoy, East Drumore, East East Donegal, Drumore, East Lam- Hempfield, Eden, peter, Fulton, Lancaster, Little Leacock, Britain, Provi Paradise, Pequea, Mount Joy,. Manor,-Martin, Upper Salisbury, Strasburg, Sadsbury, Raplxo, dence, West Hempfield West Donegal, West Leacock, Columbia, Christiana, Boroughs Lampeter, Marietta, Manheim, East Petersburg, Elizabethtown, Stras Quarryville, Mount Mountville, Millersville, Joy, of Lancaster. burg Washington, (cid:127) con District shall The Fourteenth Senatorial Pittston and' of the Cities Hazleton, Nanticóke, sist Black' of Bear Creek,. Wilkes-Barre, Dorrance, Creek, Buck, Butler, Conyngham, Dennison, Jen-, Fairview, Foster, Hazle, Hollenback, Hanover, Slo kins, Nescopeck, Newport, Pittston, .Plains, Rice,. Wilkes-Barre cum, Sugarloaf, and Wright, Dur Ashley, Avoca, Conyngham, Dupoxxt, yea,. Freeland, Jenkins, Laflin, Hughestown, Jeddo, Laurel War Run, Nescopeck, Sugar Nuangola, Notch, West Hazle Ruxx, Yatesville, White and ton,- Haven, rior. in the Couxity of Luzerne. (Total Populatioxi: 232,500)

(15) The Senatorial con District .shall Fifteenth 220, Dauphin sist all of .of County. (Total Population: -255)

(16) The Sixteenth Senatorial con District shall sist of all of Lehigh.Coxxnty. (Total Population: 227, 536) The Seventeenth Senatorial District shall

consist of Townships Haverford and Radnor the County and Delaware, the Townships of. of Lower Merion, Upper Merion,- Plymouth, Whitemarsh and and the Springfield, Boroughs of Consho Bridgeport, lxocken, West Conshohocken and in the Narberth, County Montgomery. (Total Population: 219,528) (18) The Eighteenth Senatorial District shall con- of the Boroughs Strouds-, sist of East Stroudsburg and burg, of Eldred, Hamilton, Ross Stroud, County Monroe, and all of North- ampton Population: County. (Total com District shall The Senatorial Nineteenth Population: 210, of Chester County. (Total all sist 608) District, con The Senatorial shall Twentieth , of the Boroughs

sist all Monroe less County, the;Townships Stroudsburg East Stroudsburg, all' of Pike Eldred, Boss Hamilton, Stroud, of Susquehanna all County, Wayne County, all Wyoming all County, County, , West West Wyoming, Pittston, Wyoming, Exeter Forty Fort,. Swoyersyille, Luzerne, Kingston, Pringle, Courtdale, Edwardsville, Dallas, Larksville, Plymouth, Shickshinny and New. Columbus,

Salem, Jack Huntingdon, Union, Hunlock, Plymouth, son, Kingston, Exeter, Franklin, Dallas,.Lehman, Lake, Boss and of Luzerne. Fairmount, Population: 218,055) t

(21) The Twenty-firs District shall Senatorial. consist of all of Butler and all of Lawrence ) County. 227,604 Twenty-second Senatorial shall consist of all of Lackawanna County. (Total Popula- tion:

(23) The Twenty-third Senatorial District shall consist of all of Potter all of County, Bradford.County, all of all.of. Lycoming Sullivan County, all of Tioga County.

. (24) Twenty-fourth Senatorial consist of the' Townships of Lower Hatfield, Potts- Upper grove, West Dublin, Norriton, West Pottsgrove, Upper Gwynedd, Upper Pottsgrove, .East Douglass, Norriton, Franconia, Limerick, Lower Frederick,. Low er Lower Gwynedd, Providence,- Lower Marl Salford,- New borough, Montgomery, Hanover, Perkiomen, Sal- ford, Skippack, Upper Towamencin, Upper Frederick, Upper Hanover, Providence, Upper Salford, Whitpain and the Worcester, Boroughs of College- Ambler, Lansdale, Hatfield, Greenlane, Greenville, East ville, Red Pennsburg, Pottstown, North Wales, Norristown, Telford Royersford, Souderton, Schwenksville, Hill, (Total Montgomery. County Trappe, in the Population: 229,377) shall Twenty-fifth District

(25) The Senatorial Coun- Venango County, Warren all of of all of consist County County, ty, of McKean all all of Forest Population: 207,207). County. (Total Elk all of Twenty-sixth shall The Senatorial Boroughs Clifton of Yeadon, Aldan, consist Heights, Swarthmore, Lansdowne, East Lansdowne, Valley, Collingdale, Brook- Parkside, Rose Millbourne, Darby, Upper Townships of haven and and the Media, Up- Springfield, Marple, Newtown, Providence, Nether per Edgmont Middletown, Providence, Population: 248,695) of Delaware. Twenty-seventh The Senatorial County, Snyder County, consist of all all Union County, all all of Montour all Columbia County. 225,- Northumberland 925) Twenty-eighth District shall Senatorial Boroughs County, of all of York less the

Dillsburg and Franklintown, Monaghan, Franklin and Carroll, Fairview, of York. Twenty-ninth Senatorial District shall Schuylkill consist of all of Carbon and all of (Total Population: County.

(30) The Thirtieth Senatorial District shall con- County, all County, sist of of Bedford all of Somerset and the Ilollidaysburg Altoona, Duncansville, Newry, of Green- Allegheny, field, Freedom, Juniata, Logan, Blair and of Blair. in the County (Total Population; 221,839)

SSI con- District shall The Senatorial Thirty-first Coun- of of of all Cumberland sist all Adams County, all of and County, of all Juniata Perry County, ty, of Franklin town, and Boroughs Dillsburg Mona- and Franklin Townships Carroll, Fairview, Population: 230,- in the of York. ghan, (Total 997) shall Thirty-second The Senatorial District

consist of all of Fayette City Monessen, County, Scott- Boroughs Mount Donegal, Pleasant, North Belle Vernon dale, Smithton, and West New- Mount ton, Cook, Donegal, East Pleasant, Huntingdon South Huntingdon, in the Rostraver, (Total Westmoreland. Population: 243,855)

(33) The Thirty-third Senatorial District shall consist of all of Franklin all Fulton Coun- County, all of ty, all Huntingdon of Mifflin County, Spring, Martinsburg, Roaring Tyrone and Williamsburg, Town- Bellwood, ships of Antis, Snyder, Tyrone, Frankstown, Taylor, North Woodbury, Huston, Woodbury and Catharine, of Blair. (Total Population: 217,906)

(34) The Thirty-fourth Senatorial District shall consist of all Cameron all of County, Centre Coun- all of Clearfield ty, County and all of Clinton County. Thirty-fifth Senatorial District shall con- sist all Cambria County, and the Boroughs of New Derry, Seward, Bolivar Florence, and Ligonier, St. Derry, Clair, Fairfield and Ligonier, County Westmoreland. (Total Pop- ulation: Thirty-sixth

(36) The Senatorial District shall of the tenth, ninth, twenty-first, twenty-second, fifty-ninth fiftieth and and that wards, portion of the not ward thirty-eighth included in the Seventh Sena- Philadelphia, torial District, Population: 210,452) Philadelphia. County of Thirty-seventh Senatorial Boroughs Brentwood, Bethel Park, of consist of. Dor- Bridgeville, Carnegie, Shannon, Crafton, Castle Ingram, Mc- Heidelberg, Jefferson, Green mont, Tree, Rosslyn Farms, Pleasant Oakdale, Hills, Donald, Townships Bald- Thornburg of and the and Whitehall, Fayette, Findlay, North Mt. Lebanon, win, Collier, Upper Fayette St. Clair, and South Snowden, Scott, Population: (Total County, Allegheny. 237,- 829) n (38) Thirty-eighth shall The Senatorial District eighth, of the first, second, third; sixth, seventh, consist twenty-third, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, (cid:127) twenty-fourth twenty-sixth -wards of the Township Borough Pittsburgh, Millvale and the Popu County Allegheny. (Total Reserve, - 233*003) lation: Thirty-ninth The- Senatorial shall Greensburg, consist of- Cities of Jeannette, the. Arnold, -Kensington, New Lower Burrell, Adamsburg, Yandergrift, East Arona, Avonmore, Ex Hyde port Hunker, -Park, Irwin, Latrobe, Suterville, New Manor, North Alexandria, New Salem, Madison Greensburg, South Oklahoma, Irwin, Penn, Southwest Greensburg, Yandergrift, Leechburg, Trafford, West n Youngstow Youngwood, ^ Huntingdon, Allegheny,

North Penn, Bell, Franklin, Loyalhanna, Hempfield, Upper Unity, Salem,' Burrell, Washington Sewickley, in of West moreland. Fortieth Senatorial District shall con- the-Borouglis Aspinwall, Bell Avalon,

sist-.of Acres, Ben Ben Avon Heights, Avon, Bellevue,- Blawnox, Brackenridge, Bradford Woods, Edgeworth, Cheswick, Chapel, Fox Emsworth, .Etna, Franklin Park, Glen- Se- Osborne, Sewickley, Haysville, Leetsdale, field, Spring- Sharpsburg, Hills, wickley Heights, Sewickley Tarentum and West View, dale, Harmer, Hampton, Frazer, East

Aleppo, Deer, Fawn, McCand- Marshall, Harrison, Indiana, Kilbuck, Leet, Shaler, Richland, Ross, less, O’Hara, Pine, Ohio, Allegheny. West Springdale Deer, con- Senatorial District shall Forty-first all of sist of all Clarion Armstrong County, County, all of Indiana all of County. Jefferson County, Population: 239,090) .

(42) The Senatorial District Forty-second the eighteenth, twenty- nineteenth, twentieth, first, twen- twenty-second, twenty-fifth, twenty-seventh, ty-eighth thirty-second wards Pitts- City of of Boroughs Coraopolis burgh, and McKees Rocks, and the Townships of Ne- Crescent, Kennedy, Moon, Robinson and ville, Stowe, of Allegheny. (Total Population: 243,774)

(43) The Forty-third Senatorial District shall con- sist of the fourth, fifth, fourteenth, fifteenth, sixteenth, seventeenth, thirtieth twenty-ninth, and thirty-first of wards and Pittsburgh, Boroughs Baldwin and Mt. Oliver, County of Allegheny. Forty-fourth Senatorial District shall consist the Boroughs of Braddock Hills, Chalfant, East Churchill, McKeesport, Edgewood, Forest Hills, Monroeville, Oakmont, Pitcairn, Plum, Traf- Swissvale, Turtle ford, Creek, Verona, Wall, White Wilkins- Oak, and burg Wilmerding, the Townships of North Penn Hills Versailles, Wilkins, Population: Allegheny. (Total The Forty-fifth Senatorial District con- the Cities

sist of Clairton, Duquesne and McKees- Boroughs port, Braddock, East Dravosburg, 354' Liberty, Glassport, Homestead,

Pittsburgh, Elizabeth, Rankin, Port Vue, North Braddock, Munhall, Lincoln, West Homestead, West Elizabeth, Versailles, West Townships Elizabeth, and Whitaker, Mifflin County Alle- Versailles, South Forward and. Population: 221,116) gheny. con Forty-sixth District shall . The Senatorial Monongahela County, the Cities of all of Greene

sist Allenport, Boroughs Washington,' .the Canonsburg, Cen Bentleyville, California, Beallsville, Cokeburg, Claysville, Coal Center, Charleroi, terville, Washington, Dunlevy, Elco, East Deemston, Donora, Long Finlayville, Mari Branch, Houston, Ellsworth, Speers, Eagle, North Charleroi, Roscoe, New anna, Twilight, Browns West West Stockdale, Alexander, Townships of East Middletown, ville and West Carroll, Canton, Bethlehem, Answell, Blaine, Buffalo, Donegal, Finley, Fallowfield, East Chartiers, Cecil, Hopewell, Independence, North Bethlehem, Morris, Nottingham, North Peters, North Franklin, Strabane, Union, South Somerset, Franklin, Strabane, South Finley, Run, We West and West Pike Bethlehem, st Washington. 233,- 886) Forty-seventh Senatorial District shall County, of all of Beaver Burgettstown, Midway, McDonald and and the Town- ships of'Cross Creek, Hanover, Mt. Jefferson, Pleasant, County Washington. Robinson and Smith, Population: 229,757) Forty-eighth (48) The Senatorial District shall County, Boroughs of all of Lebanon and Hamburg, Leesport, Lenhartsville, Shoemakersville, Centerport, Wyomissing StrausstOAvn,Bernville, Hills, Wyomissing, Sinking West Spring, Lawn, Werners- Robesonia and Townships ville, Womelsdorf, Upper Tulpehoeken,. Tulpehocken, Bethel,. Marion,

355 Upper Heidel- Jefferson, Bern, Tilden, Centre, Penn, Heidelberg, berg, Heidelberg, Hei- South North Lower delberg, Perry, Al- Spring, Windsor, Ontelaunee, Bern, bany County and-the of Berks, Greenwich, Boroughs Hill, Terra Lititz, New Akron, Holland, Townships Ephrata, Denver and the Adamstown, Clay, Ephrata, Earl, West Elizabeth, Earl, Warwick, East East Cocali- Earl, Caernarvon, Brecknock, Penn, (To- co and in West of Lancaster. Cocalico, Population: 214,929) tal Forty-ninth District shall Senatorial City Corry,

consist of all of Erie less the Boroughs Elgin City, and Union of Concord and Union.

(50) The Fiftieth Senatorial District shall consist County, all of Crawford all of Mercer Corry, Elgin and Union City, of Concord and Union, of Erie.

Concurring by Opinion Mr. Chief Bell: Justice necessity reapportioning for redistricting Legislative Pennsyl and Senatorial Districts of Representatives vania Congress and also the House of Supreme by was mandated Court of the United commencing States a series cases with Baker v. Reynolds Carr, 186; 369 U.S. v. 377 Sims, U.S. 533, 621; v. Assembly, Lucas Colorado Gen. 377 U.S. 713; Inc. v. Maryland WMCA, 377 Lomenzo, U.S. 633; Com mittee v. Tawes, 377 U.S. 656; Davis v. Mann, U.S. 678; Roman v. Sincock, 377 Wesberry U.S. 695; also v. Gray 1; Sanders, 376 U.S. v. Sanders, U.S. re. 368, congressional districts.

These decisions, effect, declared Unconstitutional insupportable merely not Constitution of Georgia obviously gerrymandered number and a districts but also States, some Constitution Pennsyl- 2dA. (see 415 Pa. 438, vania Butcher v. Bloom, Country, every wen 556) nearly as in our State Representa- composition of the House as Congress. tives ,are the

What is the New Law and What New Standards? Supreme held: Court

The aforesaid decisions of requires Equal a “. . . that the Protection Clause good construct State make an faith to honest effort nearly legislature, in both houses as its districts, of. * equal population practicable. it as is realize that We practical legislative impossibility arrange is dis a. tricts so that each one has an number of resi identical or dents, or voters. exactness citizens, Mathematical precision hardly or is a workable constitutional re quirement. Wesberry supra,

“In v. [376 7-8] U.S. Sanders, 1, congressional representation the Court stated that population practica nearly must be on based as as ..is ble, may legitimately

“A State desire to maintain insofar, integrity political of various as subdivisions, provide possible, compact contigu districts for territory designing legislative apportionment ous a may scheme. Yalid considerations underlie such aims.... “. . . Whatever the means of accomplishment, overriding objective must be equality substantial population among the various . . . districts, long divergences .

“. . So as the popu- from a strict legitimate lation standard are based on considerations incident to the effectuation of a rational policy, state equal-population some from deviations principle constitutionally permissible are respect with to the * throughout, Italics ours.

35? two or both of the of seats either apportionment v. of a state legislature.” Reynolds houses bicameral . Sims, 377 U.S. 533 (pages 577, 578, 579) there must be no invidious discrimina Furthermore, 566, tion. Cf. v. 377 Reynolds Sims, supra, pp. U.S., 355; v. 372 Douglas California, cf. U.S. 578; also, 353, v. Carr Opinion (Concurring by Douglas, Baker J.), 244; 17; 369 U.S. v. 351 186, Illinois, U.S. 12, Griffin Skinner v. 316 U.S. 541. Oklahoma, 535,

In other that each words, Supreme Court held House of a State must have Legislature (a) substan tial equality population districts, various among or districts of as nearly equal population practi as is cable and (b) that á State tor “may provide .compact contiguous districts of that territory” there (c) must be no invidious discrimination. These are only standards specifically promulgated the Su by preme Court. Court itself stated Furthermore, v. Sims Reynolds that (page 578) these four standards were a rather few “only general considerations which to us appear relevant.” I be am (a) convinced that these four standards are entirely insufficient -guide posts for a just fair, clearly defined Constitution al plan and (b) that as in- districting, equal nearly as population practicable is should be more definitely and precisely and (c) that additional defined, clear must necessary- guideposts be erected. See Baker v. U.S., Carr, supra, Opinion Dissenting of Mr. Jus (page tice 267); Reynolds v. Sims, 377 Frankfurter supra, Opinion of U.S., Dissenting Mr. Justice Harlan (page 621). Moreover, the aforesaid four standards Supreme Court by erected did not pre expressly a prohibit clude or consideration of many other very factors and the important criteria some of which will hereinafter discussed. be carrying

This out Court, and implementing decisions, aforesaid relevantly said in Butcher v. Bloom, therefore, hold, : “We 463) supra (page 415 Pa., requires Constitution Pennsylvania Article of the II, §16 main- must legislation reapportionment that senatorial sub- other political counties and tain the integrity of for com- provide as and must possible., divisions, insofar always subject contiguous districts of pact territory., dis- and mandate that such objective to the overriding as equal population may be nearly tricts shall ‘as- politi- if any must emphasize that, necessary, be.’ We be or com- or subdivisions divided may cal subdivision popula- bined the formation districts where the . .” tion cannot otherwise be satisfied. principle linterpretation The aforesaid new and nove of the Constitution of the United States a by majority Supreme abrupt Court is an and massive break with past decisions of that I am Court, and, convinced, is to the and of our Coun contrary history traditions and of and try nearly every with due State, respect, finds no in support of the Constitution. language in The Court effect completely changes the and long well established system elective all of our nearly State and of the House of Representa Governments as well as basic tives, structure, doctrine and phi our Republican* losophy Government. form of it can be Furthermore, said fairly that no decision of the Supreme Court of the United in States the last hundred years has ever disturbed, dismayed and con- fused Congressmen, Legislators, Governors, Judges, and lawyers citizens ordinary as has the novel and * Popularly “Democracy.” miscalled “Democratic” or The Unit- Constitutionally guaranteed Republican a ed States has Form of IV, (Art. §4) way with a Government democratic I also of life. dissenting agree with the Justice who said that the realistic effect practical question decisions was to raise Court’s any reason, necessity ever was is or use or there for a whether every Legislature, (except Nebraska) which State has bicameral their Statehood. has had since cases. group in the Reynolds decision revolutionary form that forgotten been to have It seems at which States of the United of Government scheme civilized admiration been the times has various rock foundation upon based created and was world, coordi- intertwined, independent, yet of three separate, inherent its with Government, nate branches co-equal bal- checks concept philosophy of fundamental ances. not are fears my not are

My groundless views expressions public supported by are imaginary. They maga- in the press, Legislatures, State Congress, Country, our media throughout zines and news Su- a number of Justices most importantly by Court of the United States. preme A examples few will suffice: Mr. Jus-

In v. 376 U.S., supra, Wesberry Sanders, “I : 42) (pp. 20, 21, tice said dissenting, Hablan, Supreme day had not to witness the when expected a decision Court of the United would render States on constitutionality casts doubt grave which not It is Representatives. of the House of composition of today’s to that such is the effect say an exaggeration the Constitution The Court’s holding decision. Representatives either elec- by States select requires composed or elections districts ‘as tions at large by equal population is practicable’ places as nearly of almost all the seats jeopardy members Representatives. House present

“. . . decision today’s impugns Thus, validity of 398 from Representatives the election leav- States, House of 37 a ‘constitutional’ members now ing sitting. The constitutional which the right Court-cre- out whole ates is cloth.” manufactured in Opinion dissenting In his Lucas v. Colorado Gen. Mr. 377 U.S., supra, Justice Assembly, (with Stewart Mr. joined) Justice termed the Court’s whom Clark “woefully wrong” (pp. 750- 745-748, and said decision unanswerably be 751) : “. . It demonstrated . has been system, it.was colonial now that this ‘was not the fore ~by government system not the chosen the national for exclusively system or it not the Constitution, was practiced by predominantly time at the' even the States adoption not it the Fourteenth is Amendment, predominantly practiced by today.’ States Second equal says ly, legislative unless districts are Court, population, populous in in voters the more districts amounting will suffer a ‘debasement’ ato constitution injury. explains al As the Court ‘To the extent it, right a citizen’s to vote is much- is he that- debased, why a citizen.’ . less We are not vote told how or person populated legislative of a in a more is district why or how or ‘debased,’ he is less a nor is citizen, proposition impossible I self-evident. it find to under why stand how or a for California, instance, voter either feels or is less a citizen than a voter Nevada, simply despite population disparities, because, their represented by each those States is two United States Senators. put

“To plainly, nothing matter there is in all history supports this Court’s decisions which this pro- constitutional rule. The Court’s draconian legis- which nouncement, malees unconstitutional latures most' the 50 support States, no finds the words any prior the Constitution, decision of. .115-year political this or in Court, history our Federal Union. . . . today rule announced is at long-established principles with odds of constitutional adjudication Equal under the Protection Clause, it stifles values of individuality local and initiative vital to the character of the Federal Union which it genius was the of our Constitution to create.

“What the Court has done is particu- to convert a political philosophy lar into a constitutional bind- rule,

861 Hawaii, Maine to from States, each 50 upon ing re- and without to without regard from Texas, Alaska and differentiated individualized spect many for-. characteristics, stemming of .each State, characteristics distinct geography, State’s distinct from-each history, politi- and distinct distinct distribution population, cal ..... heritage. - recognition “The Court to today give any .declines tangible to these considerations others, countless in holding particu- unconstitutional intangible, these apportionment la.r which systems; legislative chosen. Court States have that Instead, says be requirements Equal Clause can Protection. met in State any only by uncritical, simplistic, heavy-handed application arithmetic. sixth-grade < “. . ur And further fact is that throughout .. apportionments history State have Legislatures reflected, the felt strongly American tradition public interest is composed of many diverse interests, and that run it can better be long expressed by a of component medley voices than by majority’s monolithic command. What plan constitutes a rational to designed achieve reasonably this objective [he., important goal ensuring a bal- fair, effective, anced representation of the regional, and eco- social, nomic- interests within a will State vary State] from since each State, State is unique, terms topog- raphy, geography, demography, history, heterogeneity and concentration population, variety social and economic interests, the operation and interrela- tion its .” political . institutions.-. Sims,

In v. Reynolds U.S., supra, Mr. Justice ; said dissenting, (pp. 602-603, 614-615) 607, Harlan, . Of the 23 loyal States which ratified the Amend- ment before 1870, five had constitutional provisions for of at least apportionment one house of their respective, which legislatures wholly disregarded the spread of provisions population. more liad constitutional Ten emphasis population, gave primary but which to which applied partial and principles, ratios such as other also political intend- recognition were which subdivisions, seriously sparsely it be Gan to settled areas. ed favor legislatures almost States, these that the contended an have would concerned, two-thirds those ratified might con- their own States’ amendment which render stitutions unconstitutional?” Congress

“It is incredible that' would have exacted price the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment as would have studied the-State Constitu- readmission, compliance tions for and would with the-Amendment, disregarded- then have violations of it.” my judgment, today’s . In “. . are decisions refuted by language they the Amendment construe which by fairly and the inference to be drawn from subse- quently They unequivocally enacted Amendments. are by history' by prac- theory and consistent and refuted adoption tice the time the' the Fourteenth from today.” Amendment until Notwithstanding my aforesaid views and convic Supreme Pennsylvania tions, Court of is Constitu tionally obey bound to necessary, carry and, whenever implement out or Supreme the decisions of the Court of Accordingly, -United States. we mandated the Legislature Pennsylvania reapportion or redistrict (within year)' Legislative a and Senatorial Dis tricts of our State, accordance with the standards promulgated by "Supreme Court of the United States. See Butcher supra. v. 415 Bloom, Pa., Dis tricting redistrictiñg and primarily aré duty, obli gation responsibility-of and Legislature. Neverthe a-year’s Legislature less; over ti-niethe carry failed to reapportionmenf out -this Court’s although, mandate, put if its hád members been partisan able to poli aside personal and they tics ámbitions, would have es- been composite had a They for this task. pecially qualified important essentially and particular knowledge representa- widespread of their because qualifications, their Senators), tion Representatives (209 personal knowledge various varied commu- every of virtually or diverse interests common The result of this of the State. fail- every part nity reapportion- unpleasant the very duty, ure was of Penn- Districts Senatorial ing Legislative Pennsylvania. Court of upon Supreme fell sylvania our an difficult exceptionally This was task for it Court because involved not the solution merely Constitutional field which legal questions .with —a more or we are familiar —but 200 delineating different and 50 Sena political Representative districts mentioned torial the four above only with districts, political to guide standards us. Constitutional State, or of our inextricably subdivisions districts are intermixed with political, economic, traditional, social, and county regional plus, many homogenous, factors, other varied and important diverse interests with the. details of a Court not familiar. which is cannot be and. 30 Moreover, although plans* redistricting different to were submitted this did not they furnish. Court, or information adequate facts which would us enable to redistrict the entire take wisely State we into con if sideration not and con merely population, compactness but also the important tiguity, many factors, additional and mentioned. hereinbefore hereinafter It be would to take a relatively easy paper and pen applying “only simplistic and, and uncritical, heavy- application handed sixth grade draw arithmetic,”** * passing, plan note, redistricting that for We the Sen- by passed Senate, ate, Constitutionally which was was defec- tive. ** Dissenting Opinion of Mr. Justice Stewart and Mr. Justice Assembly, U.S., supra, page Gen. Colorado in Lucas v. Clark 750. valid-plans Constitutionally di and

a'dozen-different Legislative viding Dis and into Senatorial State compact (b) (a) contiguous, be tricts which would practicable,” population (c).“as nearly equal in as is (d) I However, no invidious discrimination. with Con these four basic in addition to am convinced that Supreme prescribed by' Court stitutional standards districting every or the. fair and wise United States, plan redis'tricting would have to include a considera many These varied of each district. tion interests homogeneous groups, factors would include. such as . cultural, their commercial, industrial, economic, social, regional spiritual, -county, and inter their interests, special arising . origin, from- their ests national their politi different historical wants needs,-their heritage; language dif cal -their and their differences, way ferent traditions and life. customs, Moreover, I.believe, large minority groups to- are entitled representation, reasonably possible. whenever In some repeat, of .these I we do in fields, not have sufficient important very nor have formation,- these facts criteria, adequately by been anyone, furnished us nor position are within the' short time we, in a available, example, obtain For to: them. it is a matter of com knowledge mon large a that mountain or a river or a body of highway, sometimes a water, modern often separates neighboring people many so that or of most way the.interests, customs, traditions and of life the of people very on one side thereof are different from those people the on the other An outstanding of. side. ex ample .fundamental of differences would be that Philadelphians on the one hand on and, the other hand, the Amish, the Mennouites, the and Dunkards, other people popularly often wonderful plain called peo the language, ple. The the religious interests, beliefs, way traditions customs, plain life of the very people their different indeed, and distinctive — Philadelphians dress —are so different from those to combine them in if one these-communi district, ties were compact absolutely would-be contiguous, ..".y; ridiculous. For these I cannot reasons, agree fully with’-any the 30 different plans iri submitted to this nor Court, tolo with the plans formulated and the views' forth set in the' majority or in Opinion Opinion, Justice by I with the Furthermore, strongly’disagree Musmanno. Eagen. views expressed by Justice Perhaps the biggest difference between majority is that myself since all or nearly all the Senators have been Unconstitu I tionally elected, believe- that all 50 should be Consti tutionally elected in the general election Novem next of, ber from the new Senatorial Districts for a term four, years.* If the newly. elected .Legislature wishes to create staggered Senatorial terms they may validly so. do

Since I persuade Court, cannot a majority this to. adopt my aforesaid views and my concept our Gove this rnment,** creates a frustrating situation. Even * II, Art. provides: §3 the Constitution “Senators shall be- years Representatives elected for the term of four term- for-the' years.” Furthermore, very of two it seems unfair .that some' Senators should have to run for election or re-election times three years. in four ** boys fighting Asia, dying At a when time our are Washington proclaiming inextinguishable is to the entire..world our give peoples everywhere- intent to to desire and their inalienable (cid:127) freely right they desire, kind of choose the Government is it majority Congress that a will almost incredible not allow- Country adopt (through Legislatures people to vote and our or change conventions) amendment to or a eradicate Constitutional Such, Supreme recent decisions mentioned above Court. popularly (presently known as the Dirksen amendment Amend- an people people- each State ment) .and enable would our representative Country kind of to choose Government- entire Congress. -They particular and in State they in their desire' .co.uld people which the of each thereby kind Government- restore 366 prevail, my cannot

though and recommendations views duty failed, if we in its derelict Court would be this redistricting Legislature a to formulate failed, the as. Everyone Pennsylvania. plan that no redis- knows for any satisfy everybody. plan redis- tricting Since can approval majority requires plan tricting a plans forth I that the set believe and since this Court, Opinion majority bet- Constitutional and are are plan any I which has been submitted, than other ter Reapportionment join in and Redis- to forced am majority tricting plans forth Per Curiam set Opinion. by Dissenting Opinion

Concurring Mr. Jus- tice Roberts : plan join districting reluc- I in the Court’s Senate despite disagreement tantly, my strong ma- with jority’s decision to limit the term of Senators office to be elected from odd districts1 in the forth- numbered coming years. election to two view However, importance imminence of the 1966 prompt of a elections, persuades support majority’s decision me to plan notwithstanding my disagreement Senate with the year two term limitation. I do so order to ensure Country enjoyed as well of our State as entire liave ever since representative we became the United States of America —a Govern- relatively period in a which has enabled us short of time ment greatest nation in the world. to become the 1 designation odd or even numerical of all The senatorial dis by Legislature. majority fixed vast of these tricts was designations far traced back at least as 1921. Act of can be as See exceptions, desig 1921, May 10, With minor these same L. 449. P. Act, January 1964, 9, Act of P. L. in the 1964 retained nations were 1965), (Supp. 1432, and in Bill Senate §2217 P.S. by plan adopted no Court Senate the 1965 Session. any assigned numerical character changes even way or the odd merely Legislature. accepted, by The Court district senatorial system. numbering Legislative utilized retained

M1 made be districting plan valid constitutionally that a for Commonwealth voters of the available to the 1966 elections. to produce

I that Court failed this however, regret, at for House was plan an which apportionment Senate. acceptable least as as that achieved for the in all the more view This failure is disappointing in confronting reap- the fact that the task this Court the House no more if not con- portioning was difficult, in than that involved siderably districting easier, compels Senate. result achieved unsatisfactory me to apportionment dissent from the majority’s plan for Representatives. the House of

I In the Senate I am joining acquiescing plan, certain provisions (other than the two term year limi- tation) which not are entirely my My satisfaction. so, decision to do and to is my concede differences, based on belief is primarily my that the plan adopted both in conformity with constitutional imperatives, on and, a fair and balance, sound accommodation varying solutions divergent constitutionally and realistically available to this Court. Moreover, difficulties and complexities involved in the implemen- tation of our adjudication of September 29, 1964,2 magnitude and its task, essentially legislative rather than judicial nature creates a situation not con- ducive to unanimity agreement. Under such circum- satisfied stances, that the plan is constitutional, on I the whole do sound, not feel it appropriate that I my joinder condition on complete agreement with all aspects the plan. primary objective of this Court in the task of

implementing previous our decision in this case was

2 Bloom, 438, Butcher v. 415 Pa. 203 A. (1964). 2d 556 368 -substantially, districts legislative establishment require

equal population3 with the conformity ments of both the Consti Federal Constitution and the tution-of this-.Commonwealth.4 In exami my an view, nation here plan adopted ob discloses our jective has been.realized.

Analysis plan reveals that deviation from the minimum, norm has been restricted apportionment to a per level. 66 cent of the senatorial districts created deviate from the norm than by per less 5 per 78 cent; cent -the districts deviate less than by 6 per cent; 84 per cent deviate than by per less cent; per.cent devi ate less by than 8 per cent; and no district deviates be yond 9.8 per cent from the ideal.5 As a of result, one the 3 Reynolds Sims, 533, ; See (1964) v. 377 U.S. 84 S. Ct. 1362 ). Bloom, 438, Butcher (1964 415 Pa. 203 A. 2d 556 v. 4 Bloom, 462-63, 438, 556, Butcher v. 415 Pa. 203 A. 2d 570-71 . (1964) 5 per present plan, 96 cent of the districts under the all but or 2, by per apportionment deviate less than cent norm. 9 from the remaining districts, 26, presented 2 numbered Districts 34 and special problems peculiarities popu geography because and Centre, 34, consisting Cameron, lation. District of the Counties of Clearfield, Clinton, and contains the lowest number of inhabitants. by per any plan, the and deviates 9 cent from district compact contiguous norm.-However, a district consist's of square more and embraces than 4 times miles area 3562 Allegheny Philadelphia (127 square miles) and both total aréa of Counties,. (730 square miles) within deviation well Since this is only reduction, tolerance, be further which could a constitutional county boundary lines, fracturing by not did accomplished already justified the area embraced appear of the size of in view adjoining'area. nature-of County, area 26, Delaware an embraces within located y composed boroughs 8 of 12 is population high densit any 248,695, highest population a townships. contains It per by ideal. cent from the 9.8 plan deviates district however, possible, was in this deviation reduction significant No municipal integrity or affect subdivisions invading the Without light the de- minimal nature of of the In adjoining districts. ing

369 more obvious desirable adjudi features today’s cation is that the election aof of the Senate majority' may not be accomplished by districts containing' less than 50.1 per cent of' the population of the Commonw ealth.6 these

Thus, figures reveal that the discrim- invidious ination which existed under the senatorial districting act7 invalidated our earlier adjudication has been eliminated. this Moreover, has been accomplished un- der today’s plan' without the enforcement of such mathematical exactness as would unnecessarily invade- integrity governmental subdivisions and county lines while adding little to the quality representative- processes.8

viatien, the dislocation which would result from such' an invasion appear necessary justified. not or did (cid:127)Compare Supplemental Report Advisory on Council. Reapportionment Legislature York, to the of the State of New dated January 17, Council, recommendations, 1966. The amended its justified extending per deviations to 10.8 cent in order to increase materially county intact, preserved the number of lines rev thus ersing previous sought a recommendation which to hold- maximum deviations to a somewhat lesser level. by figure calculating percentage This is of the' obtained population by total the Commonwealth which is' embraced populous adopt plan least senatorial districts. Under the Senate population 11,319,- today, 5,666,S79persons, of the total ed out by 366, 1964 act embraced these 26 districts. The reside in areas adjudication prior permitted by in our dis Court invalidated this popula minority per containing of 44.02 the total a cent of tricts membership majority elect a of the to the tion of Commonwealth provide for tegrity ing a tive §2217 legislative the Senate. ^[7] 8 objective districts, “a State The Act of So (Supp. long various compact districts apportionment 1965). as the substantial January 9, political resulting may legitimately scheme. 1964, subdivisions, equality plan contiguous No. does not Valid 2, desire to P. population insofar as considerations L. territory submerge' ........ maintain among legislr possible, and 1432, the designing may un- overrid 25 P.S. in

370 attention, to given has been and consideration Equal

. districts compact to adopted yield plan the need for Court’s An examination territory. of contiguous have objectives constitutional that these reveals plan pop- equality harmonized with been realized by forth set guidelines and other principle ulation Court this States Court of the United Supreme whole, On the in this case. opinion our previous Con- and State both the Federal which accommodation has sought, Court has and which this stitutions compel, plan the' although achieved. Thus, been satisfactorily possesses it is not or is constitutional perfect ideal, adoption. in its join me to persuade merit to sufficient I disturbed I am previously as have However, noted, Court’s provision and unwise by unnecessary n from num to be elected odd pla Senators limiting full four year to less than a bered senatorial districts In term. such restriction is my constitutional view, in not mandated the Federal Constitution and is by with Article Constitution consistent II, §3 this Commonwealth which “Senators shall be provides, for the term of four . . I entertain elected . .” years difficulties, a grave with that provision construction which limits reach to one half its while Senate its effect to denying, the remaining membership. Court

Once this concluded that all 50 Senators were constitutionally for required stand election in the general election, determination, my view, districting, any regard derlie such aims. Indiscriminate without for boundary may political lines, subdivision or natural or historical open partisan gerrymander than an invitation to little more be Reynolds Sims, 533, 578-79, 1362, ing v. 377 U.S. . . .” 84 S. Ct. .. (1964). existing county Moreover, the utilization units build- as the adopted' advantage plan ing here has the additional block of and convenient electoral preserving established units for unnecessary avoiding thus, and, dislocation of local election voters machinery.

371 all sena required that been controlling should have constitutional year for a four torial seats be filled 9 Court Illinois, Supreme term. I believe that Court for approval with of the Federal it when Northern the issue correctly decided Illinois,10 Senate membership entire of the recently held for full of that for 1966 State would stand election four year terms a state constitutional notwithstanding provision senatorial terms. for providing staggered persuade majority because I am unable to a However, all a this Court Senators to run for require four year made this as term, my clear views on having pect of the the two plan disapproval Senate my year I most concur in the Senate limitation, reluctantly plan adopted by majority.

Some comment on plan embodied in Bill Senate No. 116211 would seem appropriate juncture.' at this That did plan not commend itself to a majority of this Court because certain of its both provisions appeared inequitable and unconstitutional.

The most fundamental of that failing proposal was the fact that it was obviously structured designed to insulate 25 senatorial incumbents, elected 1964, from standing for election 1966. The undesirability, if not an unconstitutionality, approach such is indi- cated by the fact that many represented districts by these incumbents would undergo, under the an Bill, infusion of voters from areas previously embraced by other senatorial districts. As a result of this transi- would tion, represented voters be aby Senator whose 9 People Engle Kerner, 11, rel. ex v. Ill. 2d 33 N.E. 210 2d 165 (1965). 10 Id.at 167. (Printers 1466) passed Bill by No. 1162 Senate No. was Assembly during of the General Senate 1965 Session. The meas however, approval not, Representa secure ure did House of plans tives, in one of embodied was submitted but to this Court consideration. for par- to afforded an opportunity

selection were not they to com- 25 incumbents ticipate.12 by permitting Thus, plete a full four Bill 1162 would Senate year term, depriv- voters by disenfranchise numbers of significant them of a to an ing choice as their Senator until 1968, plan additional two It is clear that which years. any for practically effectively delays reapportionmerit such substantial for additional numbers voters an ’ two year period unacceptablé. is both undesirable and aspect

Another Bill plan proposed in Senate 1162 which militated strongly against acceptability its is the unnecessarily large deviation of districts there created from apportionment norm. At least 1 out of 5 every districts set up under’ Senate Bill 1162 deviates from apportionment ratio 10 cent by per or greater. Three districts deviate 13 or per cent by more and one reaches to a variance of greater than 14 per cent beyond the ideal.13 One of these result dis- 12 may by An illustration of such an infusion be seen an exam proposed ination of District under Senate Bill 1162. Crawford Counties, containing population 82,441, and Forest a total were by Thus, added to the areas embraced District 25. under Senate 1162, repre Bill voters these additional counties would be by general though sented the incumbent until the 1968 election even they eligible participate were not to A his selection. similar re County, 23, Lycoming would have obtained in sult where arqa population 109,367 people, containing a was added to Fulton, by district; 33, Juniata, embraced that where Counties, containing population Huntingdon, a total and Mifflin by 110,276 people, were added to the area embraced that district. embracing Analysis involved that districts reveals areas of the 25 represented 800,000 persons to approximately were added districts and, Bill,'not required by-. in 1964 under elected Senators 1968. until for election stand may deviant well be ac districts and number extent designed to by the Bill as structured was the fact for counted those Senators elected 1964. As seats preserve the senatorial rigidity avail- introduced which limited the was result, a certain a

373; parities and the extent deviation under permitted of. Bill 1162 is that districts 49.1 containing per cent the population of the Commonwealth would be able to a elect majority thus achieve membership, control,'of the Senate.14

"Thus, although exact mathematical equality among, legislative districts is not required Federal or by the State a Constitution, greater for regard “one man, one vote” principle than is apparent in Bill 1162 is clearly desirable.' That such a regard is practical and '. attainable is convincingly indicated by result achieved under the plan adopted today.15 reducing able avenues .for apportionment deviation from tbe norm.. Thus, 1162, under 33, Bill population Senate containing District a "198,257,adjoins 30, 257,- population which contains a adjoins That 39, 171. district popu- Districts and 32 contain which 258,003 258,407 respectively. lations of attempt But for the to plan preserve districts, equitable tailor the to certain a more dis- population possible. Moreover, tribution of would been have be- available, equalize population among cause the limited to avenues districts, following the the district was created: Mercer and Craw- Counties, traditionally district, ford one senatorial" were divided County, by bounded the 'Crawford on "West Ohio State the line, joined with ah area the form a was to "East to. district ex- half-way tending eastward, greater a over 180 miles distance than notwithstanding apross result obtained the of the State. This width joined single district, to form a Mercer fact that when population a which not deviate contain does Counties Crawford apportionment norm.- significantly from 14 populous 1162, least districts con Bill the 26 Senate Under per popul 5,560,339, total population cent 49.1 tain a total of the ation Commonwealth. significance practical fact of the that constitutional minority per containing of 49.1 a districts Bill 1162 Senate under majority of the could elect a population the State of the cent per cent achieved under the 50.1 Senate, with when contrasted by Presidential of the 1960 the results plan, indicated is Court’s plurality approxi- election, popular vote was that In Election. only per electorate. margin cent of the .0016 112,000", mately a

II majority’s My disagreement to the dissent with primarily observe plan failure to on its House is based guidelines population principle equal other Supreme controlling by decisions mandated in our earlier forth and set Court of the United States adopted plan opinion Unfortunately, the case. this permits representative by majority em- districts per population bracing Com- 47.03 cent of the majority members to of the 203 monwealth elect a the House.16 unnecessary, and unfair as

Moreover, undesirable, apportionment imperfection is as compounded overall its is, population by glaring dis- the serious and parities representative districts. between individual my formulating majority,

In House its view, proceeded plan, unwisely unsupported assump- on the apportionment tion that the House norm of 56,597 might by per be exceeded as much as 15 cent or re- by percentage. plan duced a like Thus, Court’s legislative contains a number of districts reach which my that, excessive level of view, deviation. For example, containing population a 149, 64,- by per deviates 14 529, cent above the norm. On the population with hand, a 99, other .District of 47,908, per is 15.3 cent below the House norm.17 (cid:127) fully recognize IWhile that some minor deviation population necessary from the by made norm, consid seeking preserve integrity erations to the gov- of local 16 majority’s plan, populous Under the House the 102 least districts 5,323,964 inhabitants, per popu con tain 47.03 cent of the total lation of the Commonwealth. 17 large population dispari further For some illustrations Districts, 8, 26, 139, ties, (substantially see House above the norm), 48, 59, apportionment 61, (substantially Districts and 63 norm). apportionment below retain or to some subdivisions ernmental convenient function- the efficient for voters and and realistic units popu- acceptable, machinery, ing of local election is disparities majority countenances here lation which the necessity. compelling or Under reason are without approve . , I of the result such circumstances, cannot apportion- from House achieved and must dissent plan adopted today. ment by

Dissenting Opinion Mr. Justice Musmanno:. Supreme The. Court of the States decided, United through a series of the districts of decisions, legislatures reapportioned on various one-person must be a State many thereby overruling one vote basis, districting prevailed. state laws which had theretofore says Concurring In as Chief Justice Bell in his effect, Opinion, Legislatures .(a) each House the State equality population among must have substantial (b) compact the various districts, the districts must be (c) contiguous, must no there be dis- invidious crimination.

This with those criteria Court, before set it, out Pennsylvania re-carve Commonwealth of so that might representatively the end it speaking, look, like by Supreme the ideal State envisioned Court of. I United States. am afraid that the result announced by Majority presents map bearing of this Court a pragmatic representative per- little to the resemblance by highest fection asked for court of the land. As survey mapped I by the terrain Majority out I swamps this Court see marshes of inequality, un- compactness, bogs of invidious discrimination bar- performance. ren wastes unconstitutional Legislative redistricting not is a matter of technical jurisprudence. simply application is It of uncom- plicated criteria to the raw materials population, topography, geography, rivers and other natural bound- so- economic, industrial, commercial, as as well aries, be could No one interests. and regional cultural cial, popularly than with these factors more familiar districts. elected in the various representatives a differ- each Senators, representing the State Thus, - lo- with his own- each concerned primarily ent district, his championing cal and each obligations, ardently process political nevertheless, through views, him before keeping discussion each analysis, Supreme at all the criteria laid by times down by Court of the United States and this Court, agreed, a which unanimous of 47 on a nearly plan, vote to 1, equitable representative was constitutional, fair, of all many interests involved. No senatorial dis- trict under Senate varia- plan exceeded 15% tion from the norm of population allotted to each the 50 senatorial districts. Under the Senate plan, districts were homogeneous equally and as compact, peopled as natural barriers, contours, popula- tion concentrations of the State permitted.

Not only did plan this all- reap- meet squarely portionment criteria and resolve them but correctly, it was the result of bi-partisan consideration. The Re- publican and the Democratic agreed senators so it, it not could be said that one party any derived' undue advantage over the other. With each natu- side rally and earnestly striving for a superior position, the Republicans nevertheless and Democrats came to a common understanding and wrote it into a Senate bill but which, with one adverse vote, received unani- mous approval of the upper chamber the Pennsyl- vania Legislature. could

Nothing have and should have appealed more to this Court aas demonstration of fair excellent, equitable work done by representatives of the peo- ple than this I plan. Senate urged this Court to accept it. The Majority rejected it. In so I doing believe it

377 to it proceeded and then a grievous error, committed proceeded in manner which it by the error magnify from that point. ex-

Our Court is an court. With few. appellate very ceptions is our business to review decisions of.lower it. on in courts based records those made tribunals. the. not But in did there was no such record case. We this. on even hear Nor did we take arguments case. jurisdiction. pro- in original Thus this a bizarre Court, neither a trial acting cedure as court nor appellate as an a writ of a court, finding certiorari on served, effect, our by the legislature. With division definitive government independent into three ju: this branches,, invasion of the Legislature’s dicial should prerogatives form, be enough to cause of our govern- architects .the tombs, ment to stir in their soliloquize. is

It true that this Court acted in an fash appellate ion when it sat on Butcher v. Bloom, the case Pa. it is true that it 438, jurisdiction retained and. it case, but is also it true that referred the matter freapportionment o to. Legislature the. although and, both Houses did not enact final reapportionment a law, as above Senate, stated, practically unanimously approved of a reapportionment plan for the Senate. Why didn’t this Court take that plan? not Majority does analyze plan. Senate It it.

merely rejects jettisons It the findings of the most persons on knowledgeable the subject. While the Sen- plan ate some instances showed districts with an ap- preciable population difference figures, districts as always stayed, stated, within the per- above variation plan allowed. The centage submitted by the Majority varying districts population shows density with a as as high 43,000. differential Court

Before this undertook to veto the will of the spoken by as State people, Senators elected by at it least should have had people, on evidence which it commission; a appointed have It might act. to it testimony; take to master a designated have might due guarantee things a number have done might Constitu- to the Amendment 14th under process things. -these none of It did the United States. tion of quite Court said this supra, v. Bloom, In Butcher not only is reapportionment “The task properly: function a it also is Legislature, responsibility branch that elected accomplished by be best which can the Legislature, composition of government. part every members its the which knowledge from techniques its deliberations, to its bring the state for in inherent factors and other information, gathering appropriate it most make the legislative process, the- into state the sdividing line drawing the body for districts(Emphasis and representative senatorial ) supplied. 1964, in September, Court accordingly then,

This the reapportionment problem Legislature to sent fulfillment moved at. once to the Legislature strong- task. It be too emphasized its cannot mammoth that the' Constitution with only body charged by ly there- reapportionment Legislature. is Its findings, entitled to maximum deference. are constitutional fore, In appreciation its constitutional the Legis- duties, lature it held sent committees hearings, investigating the State. It took multi- throughout testimony. farious details inherent a gigantic reapportionment for districts legislative people were dis- 11,319,366 analyzed debated. cussed, There innumera- were ble conferences between the Senate and the House respective its members through appointed specially committees.

One would assume that this Court would, therefore, respect look with great upon the findings made by the Opinion Legislature. of the Majority manifests it more or less ignored that this great work accom- plished by highly surveyors in skilled the domain accepting reapportionment. Instead of statewide agreements, the Court about to accom- the Senate set reapportionment inadequate plish with itself, armed appropriate engineer- surveying instruments and other equipment. ing Majority submitted And now the has clearly erratum its which manifests the com- result, assigning legislative findings mitted not to the repeat they constitutionally I consideration deserved. Majority decision violates Fourteenth provisions Amendment and other of the constitution the United it criteria laid fails States, to.follow by Supreme Court down States and, United very itself. fact, decisions this Court interpret In Butcher v. this Court Bloom, said,- ing organic our that there “in is a constitutional law, respect county to tention lines and to utilize counties representation as units to the maximum con extent equal-population principle.” sistent with the Of course, impossible county it was not to cross some lines. The plan county eight Senate held invasion down cross ings, Majority Plan mandates thirteen such tres passes. Majority plan,

The aside from other constitutional legislative appor- violates encroachments, rules of as well as in tionment, fairness the matter of its numbering fifty of senatorial districts. The State has necessarily numbered districts, such odd and even. Strange may happens it seem, as it often whether that or has an odd even a district number determines to a degree whether that considerable district will elect a Republican given or á Democratic' in senator election year's. appear to Statistics indicate that in some dis- Republican candidates, or tricts the Démocratic winning, depending chance a better have on whether particular presidential election falls within that a elec- gubernatorial year year. or a election tion for- Thus, 380 law which in the natural but nevertheless

tuitously, dis- or advantages and fate, chance governs sometimes num- to the according the candidates attend advantages districts bear. ber their in to order of senatorial numbering districts, begin of methodical should sequence,

achieve order any sem- some at one of the State and with proceed, end to the other end of State. blance of consecutiveness, proceed clockwise, The numbering should horizontally,- in up or and down the State vertical counter-clockwise, .if but it should- not For leapfrog. instance, segments, has numbering is to which begin Philadelphia, senatorial process nine most natural districts, from 1 numbering comparison would be to 9. No can be made here with plan the Senate because plan that called for the election of 25 only whereas Senators, Majority plan calls for the election of all 50 Senators, even if for staggering terms.1 Majority, numbering, dis- Philadelphia did not

tricts, follow the numerical sequence of 1 to 9. It used the 1 numbers .and 8, even not then, though confronted with problem of avoiding districts not for coming up election, wholly unnecessarily jumped to No. 36. In the adjoining Delaware or por- tions thereof, numbers became 9, and 26.- In another contiguous or county portions Mont- thereof, Legislature,, It is true that creating a new senatorial Philadelphia, 36, district special numbered it but circumstances brought originally this about. The district numbered 36 was under populated a district as and was ábsorbed into number 30. Another newly is created seat reason was to'be filled in the next election,- staggered plan election, which, course, under fol sequence. the odd-and-even number numbering lowed This however- controlling Therefore, majority not on this was since the Court. basis, reason, renumbered the districts on a State-wide there is no why logically given riot- Philadelphia it should have to the new 9, that it number so sensible, would district adhere to a con numbering. secutive

B81 24. gambolled through gomery- tlie 12, numbers kangarooed or be- between 41 47, Then District depending 47 and on direction of tween '50, approach. Majority glance map, A at the under jumble plan, how- shows a chaotic numbers, which, conditions, studied with local when connection ever, planned arrangement very will not show but a chaos, partisan certainly to fall achieve certain results which " This within the inhibition of invidious discrimination. kind of could defeat maneuver influence the election or year depending of' candidates on whether the election presidential gubernatorial is a or It said one. has been gerrymandering accomplished that can be sometimes effectively by by as well numbers as as' formulation strangely-shaped election districts. rdistributing In view of the fact fo date petitions nominating primaries May is imminent, the decision of the Court this should filed case be delay. being without can time I Thus, the essence, Dissenting Opinion not an write extended I which Avould enumerate discuss the other areas Avhich y Majorit I believe the violated the Federal . linger long enough State constitutions I will ad my (of major many) dress attention to one uncom provisions plan Majority’s reap stitutional portionment for Representatives.

of the House of Majority has awarded to Bucks six §17 House seats. Article It, State Constitution inter declares, that “The alia, members the House of, Representatives apportioned among shall be by dividing several population on a ratio counties, obtained by of the State as ascertained the most re by cent United States Every census two -hundred. county containing less than five ratios shall have one representative every for full and an ratio, additional representative surplus when exceeds half a ratio . . . containing county Every five ratios or have more shall sup (Emphasis every representative ratio.” for one full plied. ) in representative per ratio section this Under popu- County, awith

Pennsylvania Bucks is 56,597. repre- 5.45 to entitled therefore, is, of 308,567 lation certainly a half not .45 is ratios. Since sentative representa- to six not entitled Bucks is ratio, a full not quoted. The above definition ratio either under tives repudiation cited con- outright of the Majority, in an seats provision, House six has awarded stitutional legisla- usurpation arbitrary County. This Bucks justified. way power in be no can tive computation making argued be that, If it would population a number would each district in reverse, representative only below and thus of 51,000, 10% speaking, generally be abnormal would not this, ratio, representative. single how- only Here, a if it involved contiguous repeated dis- in six ratio is the minus ever, over-represented at thus becomes tricts. Bucks parts expense If Ma- of the State. of other plan awarding jority in seats Bucks were for Philadelphia Allegheny Coun- in to be followed Allegheny County more entitled to three Avouldbe ties, Philadelphia County seats. to four additional seats, quite Majority It must be that clear, therefore, County, plan, by assigning advantage an to Bucks Avhichis denied all other counties offends State, against prohibition of invidious discrimination. tight predominant

In a election between the two parties political Pennsylvania, the election of an ad- representative by party ditional one in Bucks party could determine Avhich would control the House Representatives. legislation This would mean affecting the entire Commonwealth could be deter- closely along partisan mined a controverted issue, by single this one vote which lines, has been handed to County by Majority Bucks on an unconstitutional platter. silver for time will

For and others which these reasons I dissent. permit not discussion or even enumeration, by Eagen Opinion Dissenting in Part: Me. Justice I cannot redis- good conscience even condone of the as de- plan Senate the Commonwealth tricting As a brethren on Court. by Majority my creed emphati- I part to this decision, must, therefore, dissent. cally were

While some fixed constitutional standards followed in the and generally planning composition of the senatorial it will districts, is, be, readily all and apparent to that in knowledgeable people the planning composition of in and districts a number substantial other areas, judicious considerations than and legal were regretfully permitted to a interfere. As result, the total plan senate is will basically re- unfair, in sult control that in body remaining the hands of one certain political party for all future time.

The House of Representatives and the Senate of Pennsylvania have previously always their legislated own districts. That the task been has is “well” done indicated the results. clearly by exception With the period one (immediately the Roose- two-year following velt “landslide” election the same 1936), political enjoyed has party continuously majority control of the of Pennsylvania during present Senate century.1 decree this Unfortunately, today’s Court follows the pattern. unfair same

Assuming, that arguendo, plan for Majority’s the Senate conforms to redistricting the letter of the certainly it is violative spirit law, of the United States Constitution recent decisions of Supreme Court, presents States United the same 1 persisted though years has even condition This in recent major political parties political of the two fortunes pointedly have holding edge registration one with voting vacillated re time, period then other. a for sults 3.84 unprecedented, ac- prompted

type that of situation assuming Supreme- Court tion the United States v. ordering Baker jurisdiction in the case of relief (1962). 186 369 U.S. Carr, validity Ma

I fear also the constitutional plan. redistrieting jority’s for. reasons. senate other population Pennsylvania 11,319,- was 1960 census aprovides Pennsylvani for The Constitution 366. representative perfect fifty districts. The senatorial IWhile ratio 226,387. would, therefore, constitute. practical impossible very recognize rea for that it is perfect I that it to achieve the believe norm, sons was. reasonably upon it incumbent possible. us do so as far as was , Pa. stated Butcher v. 415 As we Bloom (1964), it 203 A. 2d 556 “Those task whose 438, 465, e reapportion Pennsylvania Legislatur is must to. approach assignment understanding their with the they-are nearly equal, to create districts as which are population (Emphasis added.) as is To practicable.’’ Reynolds the same effect v. see, 377 U.S. Sims, 533, (19 ). S. Ct. 64 Despite requirement, this constitutional I note that plan by Majority, senatorial there in. decreed l divergence population wide of tota exists in several example, districts. For No. 34 includes a total population, only while 205,319, District No. in cludes This means 248,695. that the senator in Dis represent people trict No. 26 will 43,376-or more 21% than the senator District No. 34. may be-argued composite it pop- the low

.While ulation District No. 34 and in similar situations was- necessarily achieved in order break-county not to lines, does, position not this hold particularly water, in refer- No. which 26, ence .is located in an District. area county lines were where crossed in order to reach the population figure. The-imbalance hardly noted effec- equal protection or conforms with tuates provision' United States Constitution.

Case Details

Case Name: Butcher v. Bloom

Court Name: Supreme Court of Pennsylvania

Date Published: Feb 4, 1966

Citation: 216 A.2d 457

Docket Number: Miscellaneous Docket, 198

Court Abbreviation: Pa.