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FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
DISCUSSION
DISPOSITION

Business Alliance Ins. Co. v. CelisBusiness Alliance Ins. Co. v. Celis

California Court of Appeal, Fourth District, Division One
Sep 1, 2026
D086880

Business Alliance Insurance Company (Business Alliance) appeals the trial court‘s partial denial of its attorney‘s fees motion. Business Alliance argues that the trial court erred when it found a portion of the fees it sought in its motion were duplicative of fees it had previously sought and been awarded. We agree that the trial court erred in treating any of the fees sought as duplicative. Accordingly, we reverse with instructions for the trial court to redetermine the attorney‘s fee award.

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

In 2017, Business Alliance issued a contractor‘s bond to Axcel Construction. In conjunction with the bond, Alex Celis, doing business as Axcel Construction (collectively, Celis), indemnified Business Alliance for costs incurred, including “attorney‘s fees ... for which the surety ... incur by reason of such suretyship whether or not the surety shall have paid the same at the time of the demand.”

A homeowner filed a construction defect case against Celis in July, 2020. Eight months later, Business Alliance filed a cross-complaint for breach of the indemnification agreement against Celis. In a June 2024 order, the court found Celis was bound by the indemnification agreement and that it included an attorney‘s fee provision. The court ruled in favor of Business Alliance for the stipulated amount of $13,555.36, representing attorney‘s fees and expenses incurred through October 4, 2021. In entering judgment in favor of Business Alliance for that amount nearly two months later, the court further provided that Business Alliance was “entitled to recover its costs and attorney‘s fees as permitted by the [i]ndemnification [a]greement or as otherwise provided by law.”

In January 2025, Business Alliance filed a postjudgment motion seeking an additional $17,002.44 in attorney‘s fees and costs. In opposition, Celis argued that Business Alliance was “seeking double recovery of fees” that were already awarded. The trial court agreed, finding that “a portion of the fees” sought by Business Alliance were “duplicative” of the fees it awarded to Business Alliance in its August 2024 judgment. Celis nevertheless conceded Business Alliance was entitled to $1,350 in attorney‘s fees for the current motion, and the court ultimately “exercise[d] its discretion in favor of finding of attorneys’ fees of $3,947.95 and costs of $1,461.69 reasonable.” The court directed the clerk to “interlineate” the August 2024 judgment to reflect this award.

DISCUSSION

The trial court erred when it found Business Alliance presented “duplicative” requests for attorney‘s fees. The evidence shows that the award of fees to Business Alliance in the August 2024 judgment was based on work performed up to and including October 4, 2021. In contrast, the fees Business Alliance sought in its January 2025 motion were for work performed after that date.

Specifically, in August 2024, Business Alliance was awarded $13,555.36 in attorney‘s fees and expenses for work performed from January 3, 2020 to October 4, 2021. Below is a screenshot from the “Matter Summary Report” that served as the basis of the August 2024 award, showing a $13,555.36 total billable and expense amount from January 3, 2020 to October 4, 2021:

Image in original document— Matter Summary Report screenshot

Consistent with this billing record, Business Alliance‘s principal attorney declared that the judgment “covered fees/costs incurred from litigation inception until plaintiff‘s dismissal of [Business Alliance from the underlying construction defect case] on 10/6/2021.”

In January 2025, Business Alliance filed a motion seeking an additional award of $17,002.44 in attorney‘s fees and costs for work performed after the time period covered by the initial award—from October 26, 2021 to June 14, 2024. A supporting (but belatedly filed) attorney declaration specified that because the judgment had already awarded fees and costs through October 6, 2021, the motion “now would cover fees/costs incurred to enforce the Indemnity Agreement from that date forward.” (Italics added.) Below is a screenshot of the caption from the detailed billing records Business Alliance submitted in support of its January 2025 motion, showing time entries for work performed from October 26, 2021, to June 14, 2024:

Image in original document— Time Entries Report screenshot

Below is another screenshot from the billing records that Business Alliance submitted in support of its January 2025 motion, showing the caption on the detailed expenses spreadsheet for $1,202.85 in filing fees and service costs from October 26, 2021, to June 14, 2024:

Image in original document— Expenses Entries Report screenshot

Also submitted in support of its January 2025 motion was a billing statement showing $783.59 in copy and vendor expenses in 2024 and 2025.

Consistent with this evidence, Business Alliance‘s principal attorney declared that the firm incurred $16,304 in attorney‘s fees “starting when the [underlying construction defect] complaint was dismissed as to [Business Alliance]” in October 2021. According to Business Alliance, these are “fees incurred post-trial and in connection with the severed cross-complaint proceedings, which are distinct from the fees previously awarded as damages” in the August 2024 judgment.

Celis is thus incorrect to argue that Business Alliance “submitted the same billing invoices from prior counsel that made up the fees incurred that supported the underlying $13,555.36 award.” Clearly, the billing records the court relied on for its August 2024 judgment cover different fees, expenses and a different time period than the billing records Business Alliance submitted in support of its January 2025 motion. Additionally, it is inaccurate to say that Business Alliance “participated in no further litigation” after it was “dismissed from the underlying case” in October 2021. Although dismissed from the construction defect case, the evidence shows Business Alliance was actively involved in “post-trial proceedings” and the “severed cross-complaint proceedings,” including participating in discovery, executing stipulations , and preparing and filing a motion for summary judgment.

Thus, unlike the trial court, we find no evidence that “a portion of the fees sought by [Business Alliance] on this motion are duplicative of those awarded to [Business Alliance] in the August 2, 2024, judgment.” As a result, we reverse and remand with instructions for the trial court to redetermine the award. (See Etcheson v. FCA US LLC (2018) 30 Cal.App.5th 831, 841 [“[W]hen the record affirmatively shows the trial court‘s discretionary determination of fees pivoted on a factual finding entirely lacking in evidentiary support, the matter must be reversed with instructions to redetermine the award“].) We express no opinion on what an appropriate and reasonable fee award should be for work performed after October 26, 2021.

DISPOSITION

The postjudgment order granting in part and denying in part Business Alliance‘s motion for attorney‘s fees is reversed insofar as the trial court reduced the award after finding some fees Business Alliance sought were duplicative of previously awarded fees. The matter is remanded with instructions for the trial court to redetermine the award consistent with the principles expressed in this opinion. Appellant is entitled to its costs on appeal. (Cal. Rules of Court, rule 8.278(a)(1).)

DATO, J.

WE CONCUR:

O‘ROURKE, Acting P. J.

KELETY, J.

Case Details

Case Name: Business Alliance Ins. Co. v. Celis
Court Name: California Court of Appeal, Fourth District, Division One
Date Published: Sep 1, 2026
Citation: D086880
Docket Number: D086880
Court Abbreviation: Cal. Ct. App.
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