207 Mich. 205 | Mich. | 1919
In 1909 plaintiff was engaged in the manufacturing business at Sparta. The defendant was a corporation engaged in the business of bond brokers at Grand Rapids. It is the claim of plaintiff that in August, September, and October, 1909, he purchased from defendant $13,500 in bonds of the Denver-Greeley Valley Irrigation District of Colorado on a warranty that they were a secure investment and absolutely good. They proved to be otherwise, and this suit in assumpsit was begun to recover the purchase-price. The question whether defendant warranted the bonds was submitted to the jury, and they found that defendant did warrant them, and awarded plaintiff > a judgment of $17,550, which covered the purchase price and interest. Application for a new trial and for judgment non obstante veredicto followed, but both applications were denied.
1. Defendant strenuously contends that there was no testimony on the question of warranty which justified the trial court in sending it to the jury. This point makes it necessary to review to some extent the testimony on that question. It appears from the testimony of plaintiff that he was solicited by defendant to purchase the bonds by descriptive literature outlining the irrigation projects, and by its personal representative, Mr. Stanton, who called upon him several times. Mr. Stanton praised the bonds, said tljiey were good, said the company had been out there to investigate and that they were in a position to know their value. That plaintiff finally advised Stanton that he
“Mr. Manley W. Burtch,
“Sparta, Michigan:
“The writer, on returning to the city this morning, finds that our Mr. Stanton called on you last week’and that you were interested in the Denver-Greeley Valley Municipal Irrigation District bonds, which we have been offering.
“If you are in funds at this writing we will be very glad to have you take some of this issue. * * *
“The writer has personally been over this district, Mr. Burtch, and it has also been visited by other members of our firm. * * * We know that the bonds are absolutely good and we recommend them as a very secure investment, paying an attractive rate of interest.
“Child, Hulswit & Co.,
“Ralph S. Child, Secretary.”
After receiving this letter plaintiff saw Mr. Child, who informed him—
“that the bonds were absolutely good, and the security back of them was adequate, that is, it was sufficient, that it was in the nature of a municipal bond, the same as a school bond, and that it was the highest kind of security that could not be destroyed. He said the lands were settled. He said that he, as well as other members of the firm, had been over the proposition, made investigations that it would not be possible for me to make, and that the bonds were good and that I need have no fear of losing my money. He said they were perfectly competent to investigate those things and that I was not competent to do so. Why, he said that they had made an investigation, and I told him I was relying absolutely on their word in making the investigation, because I did not claim to know enough to make an investigation myself; and, as a matter of fact, I told him I had no time to investigate it, and when I handed the money over to him I says, T am relying on you people absolutely in this matter.’ ”
Defendant argues that the statements, oral and written, show, upon their face, that they are mere expressions of opinion and are not such as constitute in law a warranty, citing in support of this contention the following cases: Bristol v. Braidwood, 28 Mich. 191; French v. Fitch, 67 Mich. 492; Krause v. Cook, 144 Mich. 365; Deming v. Darling, 148 Mass. 504 (20 N. E. 107); Crosby v. Emmerson, 142 Fed. 713; Worth v. McConnell, 42 Mich. 473; Chafey v. Mathews, 104 Mich. 103 (27 L. R. A. 558); Getchell v. Dusenbury, 145 Mich. 197; Duffany v. Ferguson, 66 N. Y. 482.
And it is further contended that there is no evidence which shows that the statements were intended to be warranties. None of the cases cited is directly in point. They, like most of the cases, deal with the general’ rules and their application to the particular facts therein involved. It is not always easy to determine where expressions of opinion leave off and representations of fact begin. Sometimes the same statement made on different occasions but under different circumstances will be differently construed. As was said in Andrews v. Jackson, 168 Mass. 266 (47 N. E. 412, 37 L. R. A. 402):
“It is often impossible, * * * to determine as matter of law whether the statement is a representation of a fact which the defendant intended should be understood as true of his own knowledge or an expression of opinion. That will depend upon the nature of the representation, the meaning of the language used as applied to the subject-matter, and as interpreted by the surrounding circumstances in each case. The question is generally to be submitted to the jury.”
However, it may be said generally that:
“One who purchases a bond honestly relying on the seller’s representations that it is valid when it is in fact invalid or worthless, may recover the price paid for it, in an action for a breach of warranty, although the seller may have acted in good faith and the buyer may have had ample opportunity to examine the bond. All material representations made by the seller with respect to the nature and character of the security for the bonds or as to the existence of security, when relied on by the purchaser, constitute- warranties.” 30 Am. & Eng. Enc. Law (2d Ed.), p. 158.
We might be able to agree with counsel in their contentions were it not for the letter of August 4th and the circumstances under which it was written. Plaintiff had been solicited by letter and literature to purchase the bonds. This was followed by several visits from Stanton who tried to induce plaintiff to purchase them. He had explained the irrigation projects upon which the bonds were issued, had praised their value and endeavored to convince plaintiff that he knew whereof he spoke, as members of his firm had been out to Denver and personally inspected the proposition. All this did not appear to satisfy plaintiff, he wanted something more, he wanted a letter from defendant itself that the bonds were as represented. In order to consummate the sale defendant yielded to his demand and wrote the letter, in which the significant words “know” and “absolutely good” were underscored.
2. But counsel say there was no competent proof that Child, who wrote the letter of August 4th, had authority to warrant the value of the bonds. The trial court held, as a matter of law, that defendant had the power to warrant the value of bonds which it disposed of, but left it to the jury to say whether Child was authorized by defendant to do so. It appeared from the testimony that he was a director, secretary and vice-president of the company, in charge of the buying and selling of bonds. Testimony was received showing similar dealings with other persons. We think there was sufficient testimony to submit to the jury on the question of his authority to make the warranty, but if this question be a doubtful one, we think it can be said, as a matter of law, that the company ratified the act of Child. Plaintiff said to Stanton, “I will not buy unless the company writes me a letter saying the bonds are good.” The next day he received such a letter signed by the defendant. This shows conclusively that the ultimatum of plaintiff was delivered to defendant and upon this letter defendant got plaintiff’s money, and retained it after being advised of the circumstances under which it was received,
4. Counsel argue that plaintiff, in purchasing the bonds, did not rely on the representations of defendant. This contention is supported by certain letters of plaintiff addressed to Trowbridge & Niver, in which he stated he relied on them in purchasing the bonds. This was in conflict with his testimony on the trial that he relied on the representations, of defendant. After the admission of the letters plaintiff explained why he wrote them. It was the province of the jury to determine which, if either, of these statements was true. Kelly v. Freedman, 56 Mich. 321; Watson v. Watson, 58 Mich. 507; People v. Hansen, 183 Mich. 565; Parnell v. Pungs, 190 Mich. 638.
5. Serious complaint is made because the trial court admitted evidence of after events, namely: What steps were taken by the bondholders to protect their interests. Reports' issued by the receiver and the bondholders’ committees were received. Some of this testimony was important as throwing light on the value
The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.