227 A.2d 255 | Conn. Super. Ct. | 1966
In February, 1965, the plaintiff, who was then lodged in the state jail in New Haven awaiting disposition of criminal charges pending against him in Connecticut, became aware of a warrant lodged against him by the state of New Hampshire charging him with the offense of obtaining money by false pretenses, allegedly committed by him in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire. During his confinement and prior to April 23, 1965, the plaintiff made at least thirty-five unsuccessful written requests of the New Haven jailer for a "speedy trial form" for the purpose of obtaining a speedy trial disposition of the New Hampshire charges. On April 23, 1965, the plaintiff was sentenced in the Superior Court at New Haven to one year in jail on the Connecticut charges. On April 24, 1965, he again requested a speedy trial form. This request was not honored. From April 24 to June 5, 1965, he made an average of three written requests per week for a speedy trial form with the same negative response. *471
On August 25, 1965, a request of the plaintiff for final disposition of the New Hampshire charge pursuant to article III of §
The plaintiff, with time off for good behavior, was entitled to be released from the Connecticut charge on February 20, 1966. The 180-day period during which he was required under article III to be brought to trial in New Hampshire expired on February 20, 1966. He was not released but instead was held first on a fugitive warrant and subsequently on a governor's warrant, issued April 4, 1966, after the institution of extradition proceedings. Thereafter the plaintiff instituted the present writ of habeas corpus. At no time did he file a writ of mandamus to compel the defendants to comply with the requirements of article V respecting making an offer to deliver temporary custody. Both Connecticut (General Statutes §
The plaintiff has been held at the state jail first under a detention warrant or detainer issued by *472
appropriate authorities of the state of New Hampshire, second under a fugitive warrant issued pursuant to §
A detainer or hold order is an informal demand by one exercising public authority for the possession of a person already in the lawful custody. Black, Law Dictionary (4th Ed. 1951). In the field of interstate relations, a detainer puts the prison authorities in the custodial state on notice that the prisoner is charged with crime in another state and is a fugitive from justice. The nature of a detainer is such that even were it only a fugitive alert its very existence tends to create serious problems in the correctional field. These are spelled out in article I of the statutory agreement as follows: "The party states find that charges outstanding against a prisoner, detainers based on untried indictments, informations or complaints, and difficulties in securing speedy trial of persons already incarcerated in other jurisdictions, produce uncertainties which obstruct programs of prisoner treatment and rehabilitation. Accordingly, it is the policy of the party states and the purpose of this agreement to encourage the expeditious and orderly disposition of such charges and determination of the proper status of any and all detainers based on untried indictments, informations or complaints. The party states also find that proceedings with reference to such charges and detainers, when emanating from another jurisdiction, cannot properly be had in the absence of cooperative procedures. *473 It is the further purpose of this agreement to provide such cooperative procedures."
The defendants do not question that the form of notice and request for final disposition specified in article III were received by the appropriate authorities in the state of New Hampshire, nor that on February 20, 1966, 180 days had elapsed since receipt of such request and notice. Their contention is that the statutory time did not begin to run because of the failure of the appropriate authority in Connecticut to offer to deliver temporary custody of the plaintiff as required by article V. If this contention is sound, then the very purpose of the detainer agreement could be frustrated by studied inaction on the part of the prison authorities in the custodial state, with the prisoner being none the wiser. In the present case, for example, the prisoner was unaware of the failure of the custodial authorities to comply with the mandatory requirements of article V until some 156 days after the receipt of his request for final disposition. That aside, if the statute intended the running of time to depend upon the offer to deliver temporary custody, it would have been a simple matter to have so stated. With the history of the plaintiff's many frustrations before it, the court is loathe to write into the statutory agreement a requirement that would leave the prisoner's hourglass in the custody of his captors, especially in view of the command of article IX that the "agreement shall be liberally construed so as to effectuate its purposes." The court concludes therefore that, the time limit specified in article III having elapsed, the detainer lodged against the plaintiff ceased to be of any force and effect.
There remains for consideration the question of the validity of the fugitive and governor's warrants issued pursuant to the Uniform Criminal Extradition *474
Act (General Statutes §§
Accordingly, the petition is granted and the plaintiff is ordered discharged forthwith.