608 So. 2d 739 | Ala. Civ. App. | 1992
Lead Opinion
The father appeals from the trial court’s final order regarding, inter alia, child support modification and attorney fees.
By order of the District Court of Caddo Parish, Louisiana, the parties were legally separated in June 1989. The separation order provided that the father was to pay the mother $300 per month as support for the parties’ minor child. Incorporated into the separation order were a property settlement agreement and a joint custody plan approved by the parties.
In February 1991, following a petition by the father, the Louisiana court entered a judgment divorcing the parties. The judgment of divorce provided that custody of the minor child would continue to be governed by the original joint custody plan.
In April 1991 the mother, who moved to Alabama shortly after the parties’ separation, filed in the Tuscaloosa County Circuit Court a petition to modify the previous joint custody arrangement by placing sole custody of the parties’ child with her and curtailing the father’s visitation rights. (The father had moved to Georgia in the latter part of 1989.) The mother also requested that the father’s child support obligation be increased commensurate with the Child Support Guidelines found in Rule 32, Alabama Rules of Judicial Administration. The father counterclaimed, alleging that the mother, by seeking an increase in child support, had breached the terms of the property settlement agreement and custody plan originally part of the 1989 separation order. It was the father’s position that the property settlement agreement had provided for his assumption of the mother’s half of the marital debt as a form of “indirect” child support payments to the mother. Accordingly, he sought damages based on any increase in child support the court might order while he continued to satisfy the mother’s portion of the debt. In the alternative, the father sought an order revoking the property settlement agreement and directing the mother to reimburse him for amounts he had already spent satisfying her portion of the debt.
The Alabama and Louisiana courts conferred and agreed that, pursuant to the Parental Kidnapping Prevention Act, 28 U.S.C.A. § 1738A (West 1980), and the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction Act, Ala. Code 1975, §§ 30-3-20 through -44, the Alabama court had jurisdiction over matters relating to child custody, child support, and any other proceedings concerning the welfare of the parties’ child. In a preliminary order entered in April 1991, the Alabama court specifically found that the proceedings that led to the Louisiana court’s judgment of divorce were limited solely to the issue of dissolution of the parties’ marriage.
On October 23, 1991, prior to a decision on the mother’s request for modification of child support, the Alabama trial court entered a “Partial Final Order,” incorporating an agreement of the parties with regard to custody and visitation. The mother was granted sole legal custody of the child, and the father’s visitation schedule was changed to protect the child from frequent long trips and extended periods away from the mother. The parties agreed to submit the issues of child support and attorney fees to the court on written briefs and supporting documents. In addition to filing a brief in support of modification, the mother filed an affidavit alleging a support arrearage on the part of the father.
On January 27, 1992, the trial court entered a final order finding a material change of circumstances and granting the mother’s modification petition. The court then applied the Child Support Guidelines to establish the father’s child support obligation as $609 per month. The father was also assessed $600, plus interest, in support arrearage. Additionally, the court entered a permanent restraining order as to both
On appeal the father asserts that the trial court (1) abused its discretion by modifying his child support obligation; (2) erred in denying his counterclaims; (3) improperly assessed him for a support arrearage; (4) unreasonably restricted his parental rights through the restraining order; and (5) abused its discretion in awarding the mother an attorney’s fee.
As to the issue of child support modification, the father first contends that the mother failed to prove, as required by Alabama law, that there has been a material change in circumstances since the previous child support judgment by the Louisiana court.
Rule 32(A)(2)(i), A.R.J.A., provides that “[t]he provisions of any judgment respecting child support shall be modified ... only upon a showing of a material change of circumstances that is substantial and continuing.” Thus, when considering petitions for modification, the trial court may apply the Child Support Guidelines only after finding that a material change in the parties’ circumstances has occurred since entry of the last order of child support.
We note that the trial court has considerable discretion in matters of child support and that its determination as to whether circumstances warranting a modification have been proven will not be reversed on appeal unless it is so unsupported by the evidence as to be plainly and palpably wrong. Anderson v. Anderson, 590 So.2d 310 (Ala.Civ.App.1991). Factors to be considered by the trial court in determining whether there are changed circumstances are the needs of the child and the ability of the parents to respond to the child’s needs. Parker v. Firestone, 568 So.2d 824 (Ala.Civ.App.1990).
The record reveals that since moving from Louisiana to Tuscaloosa, Alabama, the mother has taken a job paying approximately $1,789 per month. The father, an attorney in Atlanta, Georgia, earns $4,184 per month. The parties stipulated to these earnings, and the trial court used these figures when applying the Rule 32 guidelines. In her affidavit attesting to changed circumstances, the mother averred that the expenses directly associated with the child’s needs have increased dramatically since the order of support in the June 1989 separation order. (A careful review of the record reveals that the separation order was the last judgment relating directly to child support.) The mother stated that the child, who was approximately 15 months old when the original order was entered, is now three years old and that “as the result of inflation as well as more expensive prices for clothing and the needs of the child at his older age, the need for additional child support has increased.” The mother also indicated that the child was now eating table food and that the expenses associated with additional educational toys and books have also increased. She further indicated that the child recently started attending a more expensive day care facility. This court has previously held that an increase in the age of the minor child and the correlative need for support, coupled with an increase in the cost of living due to inflation, are sufficient to constitute a material change of circumstances and to sustain a modification of child support. Miller v. Miller, 437 So.2d 574 (Ala.Civ.App.1983). We have reviewed the record and conclude that, the father’s contention notwithstanding, there was sufficient information before the trial court to show a materia] change in circumstances.
We are unpersuaded by the father’s contention that the Louisiana court’s separation order, through the incorporation of the parties’ property settlement agreement and joint custody plan, provided for a trade-off between the marital debts that the father assumed and the amount of child support he was to pay the mother. The child support provision found in the joint custody plan makes no mention of “indi
Under Alabama law the right of children to receive child support is so basic that the obligation of a parent to provide such support may not be permanently removed by agreement, release, or judgment. Tucker v. Tucker, 403 So.2d 262 (Ala.Civ.App.1981). The father contends, however, that Louisiana law allows a parent credit against child support obligations based upon the parent’s payment of community property obligations. Nevertheless, as we have noted, we are unconvinced that the property settlement agreement and child custody plan provided for the father’s payment of marital debts as a benefit to the child and as a substitute for child support. For this reason, we find no error in the trial court’s denial of the father’s counterclaims. We further find these counterclaims to be, in substance, professed defenses to the mother’s request for modification of child support. In view of our findings as to the mother’s modification petition, we conclude that the trial court properly rejected the father’s defenses. Accordingly, we hold that the court did not abuse its discretion by increasing the father’s child support obligation from $300 to $609 per month.
We have reviewed the record, including the pertinent pleadings, affidavits, and other supporting documents, and find that the trial court properly exercised its discretion in assessing the father a $600 child support arrearage, with interest, for non-payment of support during two months in 1990 and 1991. In this instance the trial court was in a position to judge the credibility of the parties’ arguments and the proof offered, and we will not substitute our judgment for that of the trial court.
In view of previous findings in interim orders entered by the trial court, including a temporary restraining order, and in light of allegations in the mother’s pleadings and affidavits, we further conclude that the provision of the final order prohibiting the father from directly contacting the child’s day care and medical care providers in Tuscaloosa does not unreasonably restrict the father’s exercise of his parental rights. The pleadings indicated that the behaviors restricted are behaviors the father previously exhibited inappropriately. As required by Rule 65(d)(1), Alabama Rules of Civil Procedure, the restraining order is specific in terms and describes in reasonable detail the acts sought to be restrained. Furthermore, it is binding only upon the parties to the action. It is evident from the record that there has been an extensive history of conflict between the parties and that their interactions since the legal separation, especially as they relate to visitation matters, have been beset by extreme acrimony. The trial court properly exercised its discretionary authority in entering the permanent restraining order.
The father’s final contention is that the trial court abused its discretion in awarding $7,500 to the mother as an attorney’s fee.
The mother presented an itemized statement, as well as an affidavit, attesting to the legal services rendered by her attorney. According to the fee affidavit, the total charges from the attorney’s office through October 21, 1991, were in excess of $9,000. The award of an attorney’s fee in cases such as this rests within the sound discretion of the trial court, and such an award will not be reversed absent an abuse of discretion. Chandler v. Chan
In view of the foregoing, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
The mother’s request for an attorney’s fee on appeal is granted in the amount of $1,200.
AFFIRMED.
Concurrence Opinion
concurring specially.
I agree with the majority that the proper amount of child support for this father to pay should be based on the guidelines; however, I do so because I believe the child support ordered by the Alabama court established an original support order, and, therefore, that there is no requirement for the mother to show “a material change of circumstances that is substantial and continuing.” Rule 32(A)(2)®, A.R.J.A.
The February 1991, divorce judgment is silent regarding any child support obligation of the father. That judgment expressly recognized the existence of a previous “Joint Custody and Implementation Plan” and ordered that “the custody of the minor child ... shall continue to be governed by” that plan.
A trial court is free to adopt or reject all or portions of an agreement between the parties and merge such into the trial court’s final divorce judgment. Owen v. Owen, 419 So.2d 597 (Ala.Civ.App.1982); and Fox v. Dick, 389 So.2d 940 (Ala.Civ.App.1980). The question of whether the previous agreement is merged into the decree or survives as an independent action depends upon the intentions of the parties and the court. East v. East, 395 So.2d 78 (Ala.Civ.App.1980).
Here, a previous agreement was adopted only “with respect to the custody of the minor child.” It would have been a simple matter for the Louisiana trial court to incorporate provisions for this child’s support or to adopt by reference the entire agreement of the parties executed at the time the decree of separation was entered in 1989. This the divorce court did not do. Notwithstanding the aforementioned logic, it is questionable whether, following the divorce, there exists a provision for the support of this child which can be modified at the mother’s petition. If such a support provision merged into the divorce decree, the mother must prove “a material change of circumstances that is substantial and continuing” since the February 1991, judgment. Rule 32(A)(2)®, A.R.J.A. I believe the better position would be that since the divorce judgment did not address the issue of child support, the Alabama court is now asked to establish support for this child for the first time. After consideration of the proper factors, the trial court entered its support order, and I would affirm that order as an original child support order. The law is clear that a correct decision will not be disturbed even if the trial court entered it for a wrong reason. Boykin v. Magnolia Bay, Inc., 570 So.2d 639 (Ala.1990).
