224 Mass. 28 | Mass. | 1916
This is a petition against the Commonwealth, brought under R. L. c. 201. It alleges in substance that the petitioner sustained damages to his property by fire set and negligently permitted to escape from their control by men employed by the State forester and engaged under his direction in cutting cord wood and clearing brush under the assumed authority of Res. 1915, cc. 2, 23, for the private benefit of one Streeter, the owner of land adjacent to the petitioner’s land, who was to pay for the work done at so much per cord of wood cut. In substance the petition sets out an ordinary cause of action, sounding in-negligence of servants in the course of the performance of their duties for their master. The Commonwealth demurred on the general ground that no cause of action was set forth in the petition, for the redress of which jurisdiction is given by the statute.
It has been held that while the terms of the statute now embodied in R. L. c. 201 are “full and comprehensive, it is not to be interpreted as imposing any new obligation upon the Commonwealth, or as creating a new class of claims for which a sovereignty never has been held responsible, but ... ‘to provide a convenient tribunal for the determination of claims of the character which civilized governments have always recognized, although the satisfaction of them has been usually sought by direct appeal to the sovereign, or, in our system of government, through the Legislature.’ ” Nash v. Commonwealth, 174 Mass. 335, 338. In view of this decision, the statute cannot be stretched to include damages for an ordinary tort committed by an officer or employee of the Commonwealth in the performance of duties prescribed by . law. It expressly was adjudged in Murdock Parlor Grate Co. v. Commonwealth, 152 Mass. 28, that demands founded on the neglect or tort of ministerial officers engaged as servants in the performance of duties which the State as a sovereign has undertaken to perform, have never been recognized as the foundation of obligations. So far as the petition sets forth work of a public nature, it is concluded adversely to the plaintiff by these decisions.
Liability is urged on the ground that the work here alleged is not of a sovereign or public nature in any proper sense, but is in the nature of private business undertaken by the Commonwealth as it might be by any private contractor. It is plain, however, that there is no law authorizing the State forester to engage in the general business of cutting cord wood or clearing brush for private owners. Res. 1915, c. 2, directed the State forester “to provide employment for needy persons deemed by him to be worthy thereof. . . . The moneys authorized to be spent under the provisions of this resolve shall be spent upon the improvement and protection of forests and in any other public work which may in the opinion of the State forester be proper.” Manifestly this language does not authorize the prosecution of work upon private lands for the benefit of private owners, but only upon that which may be described rightly as connected with “public work.”
Doubtless there was public work to which it may have been assumed that the appropriations might be applied. See, for example, Sts. 1909, c. 263; 1905, c. 381; 1907, c. 521; 1915, c. 124, as to the gypsy moth, R. L. c. 28, §§ 23-29, as amended by St. 1915, c. 162, as to the public domain, St. 1914, c. 720, as to State forests, and the statutes establishing the Wachusett, Mount Sugar Loaf and Greylock mountain reservations and other public parks.
It is not necessary to consider whether it would be possible for the Commonwealth under the Constitution to appropriate money raised by taxation for the purpose of entering into such a field of private business. See Lowell v. Boston, 111 Mass. 454; Opinions of the Justices, 155 Mass. 598; 182 Mass. 605; 204 Mass. 607; 211 Mass. 624. The statutes do not authorize the business enterprise-under the management of the State which this aspect of the petition avers.
By no possibility can the Commonwealth be presumed to have consented to be impleaded in its own courts touching torts committed by the employees of one of its officers acting beyond the scope of any authority conferred by law.
Judgment affirmed.
The demurrer was sustained by McLaughlin, J., who ordered judgment for the Commonwealth. The petitioner appealed.