119 Ind. 382 | Ind. | 1889
This was an application by the relator, McCalla, for an alternative writ of mandate to compel the appellant turnpike company, by its officers, who are made parties, to transfer four shares of the capital stock of the company, upon its books, to the relator. The case was put at issue and trial by the court, in the first instance, — the relator having demanded a jury — and a finding and judgment in favor of the company entered. This judgment was reversed upon appeal to this court, on the ground that the case was triable as a civil action at common law, and that the court below had committed error in denying the relator’s motion for a jury trial. State, ex rel., v. Burnsville Turnpike Co., 97 Ind. 416.
The cause having been remanded it was afterwards tried by a jury, the trial resulting in a verdict and judgment for the relator. Waiving intermediate questions, the merits of the appeal may be disposed of by considering the evidence.
It was an uncontroverted fact that the turnpike company, on the 13th day of August, 1879, issued and delivered to Mary E. Davis a stock certificate, in which it was recited that she was entitled to four shares of the capital stock of the corporation, which were transferable on the books of the company upon the surrender of the certificate. The four shares were 'duly entered on the books of the company, in the name of Mrs. Davis. The relator testified that he had subsequently purchased the stock absolutely from her, and had paid for it according to agreement, and that she had delivered the certificate over to him, but had refused to make an assignment of it in writing. Her claim was that the stock had been delivered to the relator in pledge, or under
On the relator’s behalf, it is argued that in the absence of a statute or by-law of a corporation requiring certificates of stock to be assigned in writing, the delivery of the certificate to the purchaser will be sufficient to vest in him the equitable title to the stock. This we concede. But we are not aware that any court has carried the doctrine to the extent of holding that mandamus will lie to compel a corporation to transfer stock to a party whose claim rests merely on an equitable right. Such a holding would impose upon the officers of a corporation the peril of deciding between the equity of one who had possession of a stock certificate and the rights of another who had the legal title. This would violate the rule that mandamus will only lie where there is a clear legal right.
Section 3637, R. S. 1881, declares, among other things, that “ Any person becoming a shareholder by assignment of stock shall succeed to all the rights and liabilities of his assignor.” The term “ assignment,” as employed in the above section, indicates “ a transfer by writing, as distinguished from one by delivery.” Bouvier Law Diet.
While it is true the statute makes stock in a turnpike company personal property, it is nevertheless personal property of that incorporeal character which requires a written assignment, or a transfer upon the books of the company, in order that the legal title thereto may be transferred. Koons v. First National Bank, etc,., 89 Ind. 178; Weyer v. Second Nat. Bank, etc., 57 Ind. 198; Platt v. Hawkins, 43 Conn. 139. The written assignment of such property performs the same office that the delivery of possession of corporeal
It would be a palpable violation of legal duty on the part of the officers of a corporation to transfer the stock of one person, on the books of the company, to another, without the production of proof of authority to do so. That proof must be made either by a written assignment, power of attorney, or in some other way which indicates that the person seeking the transfer has the title. The corporation can not be compelled by mandate to do that which it would have no authority to do voluntarily.
The court below seems to have proceeded, from first to last, upon the erroneous theory that mandamus might be resorted to in order to compel the transfer of the stock without a written assignment. This was a fundamental error.
The judgment is reversed, with costs, with directions to the court below to sustain the appellant’s motion for a new trial, and for further proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion.