— The defendant is the owner of certain tenement buildings. She employed Mr. Krueger, who is a plumber by trade, to make certain repairs on the buildings. The man, who was sent by Krueger to do the work, left a trapdoor open. which led into the eellar. This door is located in a narrow hall, and the plaintiff in passing along the hall fell into the cellar through the open door, receiving serious personal injuries. He brought this suit to recover damages therefor,
The only question for decision is whether the defendant as the owner of the buildings must answer to the plaintiff for the injuries received, or whether Krueger alone is responsible. If Krueger was the servant of the defendant, then on the principle ol respondeat superior the latter is liable; but, if Krueger was an independent contractor, then he alone (if any one) is liable. Of this latter fact the plaintiff's evidence leaves but little, if any, doubt. Krueger was employed to do the work by the job. He was informed by the defendant that a tenant on the premises would show him what to do. This had no tendency to prove that the defendant reserved the right to direct hotv the work should be done. The details of the work were left to Krueger. This seems to be the test in determining the true relationship between the parties. Judge Thompson, in' his work on negligence, thus defines an independent contractor: “The general rule is, that one who has contracted with a competent and fit person, exercising an independent employment, to do a piece of work, not in itself unlawful or attended with danger to others, according to the contractor's own methods, and without his being subject to control, except as to the results of his work, will not be answerable for the wrongs of such contractor, his subcontractors, or his servants committed in the prosecution of such work. An independent contractor, within the meaning of this rule, is one who renders service in the course of an occupation, representing the will of his employer only as to the result of his work, and not as to the means by which it is accomplished. The contractor must answer for his own wrongs and the wrongs committed
The judgment of the circuit court will be affirmed.