178 Mo. App. 145 | Mo. Ct. App. | 1914
This is an action for damages for breach of warranty in the sale of a jack to plaintiff by ■defendant. Plaintiff obtained judgment in the sum of •$350 and defendant has appealed.
Plaintiff, a farmer and stockman experienced in Dandling jacks, and living in Linn county, Missouri, received a catalogue announcing a public sale of some .jacks in Boone county by defendant and one Bradford. 'These two were not partners but simply had a joint .sale.
On the day before the sale plaintiff went to Boone -county and to defendant’s farm to look at the jacks advertised. He looked at the jack in controversy with ■a view of buying him and asked defendant about him. Defendant told him the jack was a good performer and .a sure breeder. Plaintiff at the time had defendant’s .and Bradford’s catalogue which described the jack in the following language:
“Here is a jack that makes them all sit up and take notice. He has two good ends and a good middle; ■a good jack for either mares or jennets. I. bred two mares to this jack when he was two years old and got two mare mules. I was offered $200 for one when it was only two weeks old. This was the best mule colt I ever saw. Over 150 men saw this colt and they all -said it was the best mule.colt they ever saw. It was Tailed when it was three weeks old. The other colt :sold for $155 at weaning time and weighed 630 pounds. I made a season last spring with this jack at fourteen ■dollars for mares, that is four dollars higher than any .jack ever stood in this part of the country. He got more than he could do. There were twenty-eight jacks that stood within nine miles of me. That shows what ■the people think of him here. This jack had the pink■eye when he was a yearling and it left his eyes a little clouded. This does not hurt his usefulness at all. He can see to get around and go anywhere he wants do. He is a good performer and sure breeder. Any*147 body can handle him with halter. Somebody will get a great bargain in this jack. My neighbors want me to keep this jack and agree to pay fifteen dollars to breed mares to him, bnt it don’t suit me to stand stock and he will sell in sale for the high dollar.”
The next day plaintiff attended the sale, and when the jack in question was put up, the auctioneer read the foregoing description of the jack and stated that he was “a good performer and sure breeder.” The jack was finally knocked off to plaintiff for $1000 and he took him home caring for him-in a proper manner, at least there was abundant evidence tending to show that he did.
The sale took place on February 2, 1911; the breeding season usually opens from about April 1, to April 10. The first opportunity plaintiff had to try the jack was on March 30. He would not perform. On April 2 he was tried again but did no better. On April 8, 1911, he was, with difficulty, induced to breed. After that, during that season, he bred 39 mares but only eleven had colts.
In the season of 1912, the jack bred fifty-five mares, but difficulty in getting him to perform was experienced every time. Plaintiff had written several letters to defendant about the jack, and on May 8th, he telephoned defendant and the latter sent a man to see what he could do with the jack, but he failed and returned home. In addition to this, there was ample evidence tending to show that he was not a good performer nor a' sure breeder; that, had he been as warranted he would have been worth what plaintiff paid for him, $1000, but was only worth $300 to $400. Defendant offered evidence tending to show that the failure of the jack to work was due to the way plaintiff handled him.
The catalogue also contained the following:
“We guarantee every animal to be as represented in the catalogue (subject to correction on day of sale),*148 and any animal that proves to not be as represented and returned to ns in good health, condition and sound as when sold and within sixty days of date of purchase, we will replace him with another jack satisfactory to purchaser, or refund the money paid for said animal. Owing to Mr. Bradford’s continued sickness we are unable to get all the pedigrees in this catalogue but expect to have them on the day of the sale.
A. E. Limerick,
W. E. Bradford.”
Defendant’s answer admitted the sale of the jack and denied generally the other allegations. It further set up that the only warranty or guaranty he made was the printed one just set out, and that plaintiff did not return said jack in sixty days as in said guaranty required and that he never offered to return said jack and never demanded that he be replaced with another; also that the jack’s failure was the result of plaintiff’s handling and treatment.
Defendant contends that it was error to admit evidence that on the day before the sale defendant told plaintiff, in answer to the latter’s questions about the jack, that he was a good performer and a sure breeder. This contention is based on the view that the only warranty made was contained in the written statement of the catalogue last above quoted, and therefore all antecedent oral agreements are merged into the written one, and it cannot be enlarged, contradicted or varied from, but must constitute the sole evidence of the guaranty. This is undoubtedly the rule whenever a sale is made upon a written contract and the guaranty is contained therein, or when the terms- of the guaranty are, by consent of both parties, reduced to writing and the sale is made on that guaranty. [Bates County Bank v. Anderson, 85 Mo. App. 351; Watson v. Roode, 30 Neb. 264; Seitz v. Refrigerator Co., 141 U. S. 510.] The basis of the rule is that when parties contract in
Ordinarily this might be a fatal defect if there was any dispute over, or doubt about, the fact that a warranty was made, intended or understood. But there is-no dispute over this fact. The printed statement in defendant’s catalogue says he intended the representation of the jack to be a guarantee or warranty, Again,, the statement or representation itself shows that it was not the expression of an opinion but was the positive statement of a fact. Plaintiff was buying a jack useful for one purpose only, namely, for breeding purposes. A statement that he was a good performer and a sure breeder was the statement of a fact. (Note what- the catalogue said he had done the year before.) As the jack was suitable and was bought for only- one purpose such a statement could only be made to induce plaintiff to buy, and both parties would understand that it would have that effect, and that without that assurance plaintiff would not buy. In other words, it was the positive statement of a fact forming part of the contract of sale itself, and was so from the very nature of the subject matter of the contract. Defendant, in making it, must be deemed to have made it intending plaintiff to rely on it and knowing that he-would rely on it. In such case it is not the secret intent the seller may have in his mind that governs, but it is the legal intent, or the intention which the law affixes to what is said ánd done that determines the question of warranty or no warranty. As said in Williston on Sales, section 201, “best modem authorities
Nor was there a lack of evidence to show that the representations were made at the time of the sale.
It was not necessary that said instruction No. 1 should include the care the jack received after the sale because that element was not in the nature of a condition precedent to plaintiff’s right to recover. It did not form a part of plaintiff’s case but was matter of defense to be raised by defendant. It was so raised and was submitted to the jury and by it decided adversely to defendant.
In the first place, this instruction left the jury to determine a question of law, namely, whether or not the oral representations and statements made by defendant and the auctioneer constituted warranties. In the next place, there was no evidence showing that the warranty in the catalogue was the only one by which defendant would be bound, nor that plaintiff agreed to be bound by the conditions named in the catalogue guaranty. This is not like a case where there is a written contract of sale embodying a conditional warranty as one of its terms and constituting the only warranty made and to which both parties have agreed. Such are the cases of Boyer v. Neel, 50 Mo. App. 26; Wood Mowing, etc., Co. v. Bobbst, 56 Mo. App. 427; Kingsland v. Board Bros., 60 Mo. App. 662; Kirk v. Seeley, 63 Mo. App. 262. The catalogue statements did not embrace the terms on which the jack was bought. Neither in the catalogue nor at the sale was it stated that sellers would not be held responsible on their representations unless the stock was returned in sixty days. There was no evidence that the jack was sold only on these conditions. And unless it was sold only on these conditions plaintiff would not be impliedly bound merely by buying at the sale. Because, under the law, plaintiff had the right, upon a .breach of the warranty, to either keep the jack and sue for damages as he did in this case, or to return it and get his money back. These two courses were open to him unless he specially agreed in his contract to be restricted to only one of them. Now, in this case, the guaranty in the catalogue does not say he will be limited to the
It may be that the failure of the jack to work properly was the result of a change of scene or the manner of handling him. But this was for the jury, and its decision is conclusive on us. As a jack is affected by the influences produced by change of scene or climate and method of handling, the only way to avoid the risk of having the question of what causes him to fail as a breeder decided adversely to a vendor, is to sell the jack without a warranty or to so limit it as not to embrace a situation where he is taken to another place.
The judgment is affirmed.