306 S.E.2d 557 | N.C. Ct. App. | 1983
BURKE COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS BOARD OF EDUCATION
v.
JUNO CONSTRUCTION CORPORATION and Statesville Roofing & Heating Company.
Court of Appeals of North Carolina.
*559 Simpson, Aycock, Beyer & Simpson, P.A. by Samuel E. Aycock, Morganton, for plaintiff.
Raymer, Lewis, Eisele, Patterson & Ashburn by Douglas G. Eisele, Statesville, for defendant Statesville Roofing & Heating Company.
WELLS, Judge.
In its first assignment of error, defendant argues that the trial court erred in denying its motion to amend the pleadings to allege unenforceability of the roof maintenance contract. This identical motion was made by defendant, and denied by the court in the initial trial of this case in 1979. The trial court's denial of the motion to amend was affirmed by this court in Board of Education v. Construction Corp., supra.
Where a question before an appellate court has previously been answered on an earlier appeal in the same case, the answer to the question given in the former appeal becomes "the law of the case" for purposes of later appeals. La Grenade v. Gordon, 60 N.C.App. 650, 299 S.E.2d 809 (1983); see also Complex, Inc. v. Furst and Furst v. Camilco., Inc. and Camilco, Inc. v. Furst, 57 N.C.App. 282, 291 S.E.2d 296, disc. rev. denied, 306 N.C. 555, 294 S.E.2d 369 (1982). This assignment is, therefore, overruled. In its present appeal, defendant advances another theory in support of its motion to amend, i.e., that its agreement with plaintiff was unenforceable as against public policy. Such additional arguments may not serve to change the law of this case on this point.
Defendant also assigns as error the trial court's allowing plaintiff's expert witness Luther Pinkerton to estimate the amount of damages caused to plaintiff's roof as a result of defendant's failure to maintain the roof between August 1973 and August 1978, as required by the contract. Defendant raises four objections to Pinkerton's testimony. First, defendant argues Pinkerton had no firsthand knowledge of the condition of the roof before 1981, and was improperly permitted to base part of his estimates on testimony of Thomas Anderson, a roofing expert, who viewed the roof in 1977 and 1981.
It is well established that an expert witness need not have firsthand knowledge of all matters upon which he bases an opinion. He may, for instance, base an opinion upon previous testimony given in the same trial. McCormick, The Law of Evidence, § 14 (1972), 1 Brandis, North Carolina Evidence, § 136 (2d Rev.Ed.1982), see also State v. Wade, 296 N.C. 454, 251 S.E.2d 407 (1979).
Second, defendant argues that Anderson did not view all areas of the roof in 1977, and therefore could not accurately distinguish between damage existing in 1977, for which defendant was responsible, and damage occurring after August 1978, for which defendant was not liable. Although there was some evidence at trial that Anderson did not personally inspect every square foot of the roof in 1977, this is not sufficient to bar his testimony, nor to prevent Pinkerton from basing his cost estimates upon Anderson's testimony. Rather, defendant's objection goes to the weight and credibility of the evidence, a matter for the jury.
*560 Third, defendant contends Pinkerton failed to base his damage estimate on the cost required to make the roof conform to the original specifications. There is ample evidence in the record showing that Pinkerton did use the original specifications in his calculations; therefore, the trial judge did not err in permitting Pinkerton's testimony on this point.
Finally, defendant objects that Pinkerton determined the amount of damage in 1977 dollars, by taking the actual cost of repairs made in 1981 and reducing that figure by 25 percent. Defendant argues the 25 percent figure is arbitrary and that the formula includes damages occurring between 1977 and 1981, for which defendant is not contractually liable.
The correct measure of damage in construction contract cases is the cost of repairing the structure to make it conform to contract specifications. Where substantial destruction of the structure is required to remedy the defects, however, the correct measure of damage is the value of the building as contracted for, minus the value of the building as actually constructed. LaGasse v. Gardner, 60 N.C.App. 165, 298 S.E.2d 393 (1983), Robbins v. Trading Post, Inc., 251 N.C. 663, 111 S.E.2d 884 (1960). There was no evidence at trial that repairing the roof would require substantial destruction of plaintiff's school. Therefore, cost of repair was the proper measure of damages, and plaintiff's evidence concerning the 1981 costs was relevant and admissible. This court is not aware, nor has defendant cited any cases which forbid determining costs of repairs in a past year, by discounting current costs to reflect earlier price levels and the effect of inflation on those levels. The accuracy of the method, as well as the question whether Pinkerton properly calculated the damages to omit defects arising after 1978, when defendant's liability ceased, again go to the weight and credibility of the testimony, rather than its admissibility. Defendant was free to cross-examine Pinkerton, to call expert witnesses of its own, and to argue credibility to the jury. Defendant's assignment of error is overruled.
Because there was admissible evidence on the issue of damages, and because the trial judge correctly denied defendant's motion to amend the pleadings, there was no error in the court's decision to deny summary judgment, deny defendant's motion to dismiss and to enter judgment on the verdict.
No error.
HEDRICK and PHILLIPS, JJ., concur.