The respondent, Billian Burch, an unmarried woman nineteen years of age, who resided with her parents at Pipestone, Minnesota, was during the month of December, 1907, employed by the city authorities to nurse a young woman who was afflicted with the smallpox and quarantined in a building provided for that purpose. On January 13, 1908, Miss Burch presented a bill for her services to the city council, and while the question of the payment of the bill was under consideration by the council the appellant, J. I. Bernard, who was a member of the council, made the statement, in rough and offensive language, that “there was no smallpox there and that they were running nothing but a damn whorehouse.” He had made the same statement on the public street before the meeting of the council, and had been warned by a bystander that he had no right to talk that way about Miss Burch, but kept on talking about the place and insisting that it was not run right — “that there was fellows there visiting them.” Miss Burch brought this action against Bernard to recover damages for slander, and recovered a verdict of $1,875. The appeal is from an order denying the defendant’s motion for a new trial. It is contended that the verdict is excessive, and that the court erred in receiving testimony over the objection of the defendant, and in instructing the jury.
1. The language alleged and found by the jury to have been used was actionable per se, and malice was therefore presumed. There was also evidence from which actual malice might be found, and the jury was justified in awarding punitive damages. Sneve v. Lunder, 100 Minn. 5, 110 N. W. 99; Hewett v. Pioneer-Press Co., 23 Minn. 178, 180, 23 Am. 680.
It is conceded that the language was not absolutely privileged, and the court charged the jury that there was no evidence that the words were true, or that they were privileged, or that the defendant had probable cause to believe they were true. We think that, as the evidence
The evidence wholly failed to show that Bernard spoke the words in the honest belief that they were true. It appeared very clearly that he acted in reckless disregard of the consequences to the young woman. The defendant’s denial of having used the words charged was not very specific; but he was very certain that, even if he did use them he did not believe that they were true. On cross-examination he testified as follows:
“Q. Now, you believed that there was no smallpox there? A. Well, I did believe it at the time. Q. You believed that it was nothing but a damn whorehouse, didn’t you? A. No; I didn’t say it. I didn’t believe it. Q. I say, if you said it, you believed it? A. I said their actions was more like— * * * Q. * * * Now, I say, if you stated to the council then it was nothing but a damn whorehouse, you believed it, didn’t you? A. No; I didn’t believe it. Q. Then, if you said it, you didn’t believe it anyway? A. I didn’t know it was a whorehouse. Q. Then, if you did say it, you didn’t believe it that it was a whorehouse ? A. -I said their actions was acting more like it. Q. Answer my question, please. A. I said, ‘No.’ Q. (question read). What is your answer to that? A. I said, ‘No; that I didn’t know it.’ * * * Q.
See Quinn v. Scott, supra. The witness Brown testified that on the day of the council meeting he met Bernard on the street, and that Bernard then stated that the pesthouse out there was just a public whorehouse; that he told Bernard that he had no right to talk that way about Miss Burch, but that he went on talking about the place and the way it was conducted. Bernard testified that Brown might have made the statement to him, but that he did not hear the name of Miss Burch used. This occurred before the council meeting, and the evidence was properly received on the issue of the defendant’s good faith. Miller v. Cook, 124 Ind. 101, 24 N. E. 577. With the evidence in this condition, the trial court properly instructed the jury that, if they found that the defendant used the words as charged, they had nothing to do but assess the damages.
2. Certain incompetent evidence was received, and subsequently stricken out. In view of the nature of the testimony, the error in receiving it was cured, and was therefore without prejudice to the defendant. State v. Towers, 106 Minn. 105, 118 N. W. 361; Juergens v. Thom, 39 Minn. 458, 40 N. W. 559.
3. A more serious question is raised by the ruling which permitted the defendant to be cross-examined as to the transfer of certain real estate, for the purpose, evidently, of showing that he was conscious of having done something which might bring trouble upon him. But no such purpose was stated, and, if the evidence was admissible for any purpose, it was properly received. The question is not free from doubt; but in view of the rule which permits the financial condition of the defendant to be shown, in an action of this character, on the issue of compensatory damages, we think that no prejudicial error was committed. Miller v. Cook, supra; Carpenter v. Hamilton, 185 Mo. 603,
4. We cannot say that the damages were so excessive as to show passion and prejudice.
Order affirmed.