Bucks Orthopaedic Surgery Associates, P.C. v. Ruth
925 A.2d 868
Pa. Super. Ct.
2007
Check Treatment

BUCKS ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY ASSOCIATES, P.C., Aрpellee, v. Robert M. RUTH, M.D., Appellant.

Superior Court of Pennsylvania.

Argued Dec. 6, 2006. Filed May 30, 2007.

925 A.2d 868

¶ 15 Here, the docket entries show that the judgment was docketed on June 27, 2006, the praecipe was stamped “filed” on June 27, 2006, and the petition to open was filed on July 6, 2006. Thus, even if the clerk erred initially, the petition to open was still filed within the ten-day period requirеd by the rule.3 Therefore, this claim fails.

¶ 16 Accordingly, we reverse the denial of the petition to open the default judgment and remand to the trial court with the directive to open the judgment and allow defendant to file an answer to the complaint.4

¶ 17 Order reversed. Case remanded for further proceedings consistent with this oрinion. Jurisdiction relinquished.

Robert J. Donaghy, Newton, for appellant. Laurent W. Metzler, Moorestown, N.J., for appellee.

BEFORE: JOYCE, KLEIN and BOWES, JJ.

OPINION BY BOWES, J.:

¶ 1 Robert M. Ruth, M.D. appeals from the judgment entered on an arbitration award in favor of his former employer, Bucks Orthopaedic Surgery Associates (“Bucks“), a professional corporation engaged in the practice of orthopaedic surgery. We vacate and remand for trial.

¶ 2 The record establishes the following. Appellant joined Bucks as an orthopaedic surgeon in 1996 and became a shareholder in 2001. Appellant left the practice in July 2003. On October 23, 2003, Bucks filed a statement of claim with the American Arbitration Association (“AAA“) pursuant to the dispute rеsolution clause in its employment agreement with Appellant, alleging that Appellant left the practice prematurely. Appellant objected to the jurisdiction of the AAA; however, his objections were denied. On November 1 and November 2, 2004, the matter was arbitrated, and on March 2, 2005, the arbitrator issued an award of $80,000 in favor of Bucks. The arbitrator ruled against Appellant on various counterclaims and refused to rule on other counterclaims, concluding that he lacked jurisdiction. On March 24, 2005, Appellant filed a writ of summons against Bucks seeking to exercise his de novo right of appeal under a provision of the employment agreement. The relevant portion of the employment agreement, which was drafted by Bucks, contained the following arbitration clause:

22. Arbitration. Should any dispute arise concerning the interpretation of the terms of the Contract, or otherwise, the parties shall submit the same to binding arbitration pursuant to the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association then in effect. Within thirty days after the receipt of the award by the Board of Arbitration, the parties hereto reserve the right to exercise any judicial remedies by appеaling such award to a court of competent jurisdiction, wherein the matter shall be heard de novo. In the absence of such an appeal, the award of the Board of Arbitration shall be final and binding upon the parties hereto, their heirs, executors, administrators, legal representativеs, successors and assigns.

Agreement, 4/18/96, at 16-17 (emphasis added).

¶ 3 After receiving notice of Appellant‘s writ of summons, Bucks filed a petition to confirm the arbitration award on April 29, 2005, and on July 20, 2005, Appellant filed a petition to vacate the award. On April 5, 2006, the court confirmed the award, finding that Appellant‘s challenge was improper. This appeal followed entry of judgment on the award.

¶ 4 In the case at bar, Appellant raises three issues challenging the trial court‘s confirmation of the arbitration award:

  1. (1) Did not the trial court err when it confirmed an arbitrator‘s award arising from an arbitration process to a contractual provision drafted by an Employer that expressly and clearly provided that any arbitration award becomes final and binding only if neither party appeals to court and elects to have a trial de novo and the Employee filed a timely appeal and provided clear notice of his request for a trial?
  2. (2) Did not the trial court err when it found the Employee waived his right to appeal the ‍‌‌‌​‌​​​‌‌​​​‌‌‌‌‌​‌‌‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​​‌​‌‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌​​‌​‍award because he failed to go to court seeking a pre-arbitration stay even though the Employee raised objections to the arbitration before the Arbitrator and he had no lеgitimate ground for a stay?
  3. (3) Did not the trial court err by confirming the arbitration award without giving the Employee an opportunity to obtain a ruling on issues raised in his prior Petition to Vacate that Award?

Appellant‘s brief at 2.

¶ 5 Our standard of review of a trial court‘s decision to affirm an arbitration award arising from a written contract and invоlving only questions of law is de novo, and our scope of review is plenary. See . An agreement to arbitrate a controversy is presumed to be an agreement to submit to common law arbitration unless the agreement is in writing and expressly provides for arbitration pursuant to the Uniform Arbitration Act (“UAA“) or аnother statute. 42 Pa.C.S. § 7302(a). Here, the parties submitted to common law arbitration in accordance with the commercial arbitration rules of the AAA. (“An agreement to arbitrate in accordance with the Rules of the AAA is an agreement pursuant tо common law arbitration.“); .

¶ 6 In the instant case, the lower court affirmed the arbitration award relying upon 42 Pa.C.S. § 7342(b),1 and held that section 7342(b) has been interpreted to require that any challenge to the arbitration award be made in an appeal to the Court of Common Pleas by the filing of a petition tо vacate or modify the arbitration award within thirty days of the date of the award. ; see also , appeal denied, .

¶ 7 Initially, we note that procedural rule 42 Pa.C.S. § 7342(b) is exclusively applicable to binding common law arbitration. In the present case, pursuant to the written contract and for reasons discussed infra, we find that the parties did not consent to final and binding arbitration. Upon close examination of Appellant‘s writ of summons, we conclude that it was actually a petition to vacate. See (holding that the amended petition for reconsideration was actually a petition for modification and thus finding it ‍‌‌‌​‌​​​‌‌​​​‌‌‌‌‌​‌‌‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​​‌​‌‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌​​‌​‍proper to look beyond the title of the amended рetition and consider its contents in order to characterize it).

¶ 8 Here, Appellant specified in his writ of summons, under the section labeled “appeals,” that he was appealing the AAA award with respect to his employment contract. Bucks received prompt notice that Apрellant was appealing the arbitration award and had commenced an action against it pursuant to his de novo right of appeal under the employment agreement. It is thus evident that Appellant sought to appeal the arbitration award, and that his writ of summons should properly be viewеd as a petition to vacate pursuant to the contract provision that permits de novo review. See (“[W]e shall regard as done that which should have been done.“); (“Errors in form are viewed with great tolerance by modern courts.“). Therefore, Appellant appealed the arbitration award of March 2, 2005, by filing a writ of summons on March 24, 2005, which satisfied thе thirty-day requirement mandated by 42 Pa.C.S. § 7342(b). Accordingly, we find that Appellant‘s appeal from the March 2, 2005 arbitration award was timely.

¶ 9 We now address whether Appellant waived his right to appeal the award because he did not seek a pre-arbitration stay pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S. § 7304(b), which provides:

§ 7304. Court proceedings to compel or stay arbitration

(b) Stay of arbitration.—On application of a party to a court to stay an arbitration proceeding threatened or commenced the court may stay an arbitration on a showing that there is no agreement to arbitrate. When in substantial and bona fide dispute, such as an issue shall be forthwith and summarily tried and determined and a stay оf the arbitration proceedings shall be ordered if the court finds for the moving party. If the court finds for the opposing party, the court shall order the parties to proceed with arbitration.

¶ 10 Here, Bucks admits in its brief that Appellant filed a letter challenging the jurisdiction of the AAA; nonetheless, Bucks cоntends that Appellant waived his right to a de novo trial because he participated in the arbitration process and did not seek a pre-arbitration stay. See Appellee‘s brief at 10. The record demonstrates that Appellant objected to the jurisdiction of the AAA, a preliminary hearing was held, and his objection was denied. Therefore, we find that Appellant clearly asserted his right to trial and did not waive his right to challenge the arbitration award. AAA Preliminary Hearing Scheduling Order 2, 4/23/04. Moreover, a pre-arbitration stay in this case would have proved futile considering that a stay is granted оnly when there is no agreement to arbitrate, and the dispute is not within the scope of the arbitration provision. . According to the record, it is clear that there was an agreement to arbitrate and that the breach of contract claim was within the scope of the arbitration provisiоn.

¶ 11 As Appellant‘s petition to vacate was timely and preserved his right to trial, we now consider the enforceability of the de novo provision of the employment agreement. Arbitration agreements are contracts and should be interpreted using contract principles. ; see also . Unquestionably, the parties’ intent as evinced by the words of an agreement is a paramount consideration in construing a contract. See . When the words of a contract are clear and unambiguous, the intent of the ‍‌‌‌​‌​​​‌‌​​​‌‌‌‌‌​‌‌‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​​‌​‌‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌​​‌​‍parties is to be discovered from the express language of the agreement. . However, where an ambiguity exists, courts are free to construe the ambiguity against the drafter. Id. Moreover, it is the function of the court to decide, as a matter of law, whether the contract terms are clear or ambiguous. . ¶ 12 Thе purpose of arbitration agreements is to reduce litigation and provide a prompt and inexpensive method of resolving disputes. . However, when there is no express agreement to arbitrate, then a party has not waived his right to a judicial forum. See .

¶ 13 In the present case, an analysis of the arbitration provision reveals the following. First, the clause calls for “binding” arbitration which ordinarily would permit an appeal of the award, but under very limited circumstances. See 42 Pa.C.S. § 7341.2 However, this dispute resolution clause also expressly permits the exercise of “any judicial remedies” аnd a right to trial “de novo” of all arbitrated issues. Moreover, the clause states that the award of the arbitrator is only binding in the absence of an appeal. Although arguably an ambiguity exists, in such a case, the proper remedy is to construe the language of the contract against the draftеr. Trombetta, supra. In doing so, we find that the parties did not consent to final and binding arbitration, and the terms of the contract created a right to a de novo trial. Additionally, it is axiomatic that waiving the right to trial must be a knowing and voluntary act of a party to a contract who is aware that the right is being waived. See ; see also (in order fоr an employee to validly waive statutory right to jury trial in place of arbitration, waiver must be “an explicit, affirmative agreement that unmistakably reflects the employee‘s assent.“).

¶ 14 Finally, this Court is aware of its decision in Trombetta, where we considered whether a contractual provision providing for de novo review of an arbitration award was enforceable. We held that “[i]n Pennsylvania, contracting parties are not free to impose their own standards of review on a court and parties to an arbitration agreement receive no support for doing so under the guise of arbitration, thereby putting those agreеments in a superior position.” . Herein, however, the parties were not prescribing a standard of review by the trial court of a binding arbitration decision, but rather preserving their right to a judicial forum and a de novo hearing. Thus, this case is clearly distinguishable from Trombetta.

¶ 15 After careful review of the provision and сonsideration of the parties’ intentions as reflected in the contractual writing, we conclude that the court below erroneously confirmed the arbitration award.

¶ 16 Judgment vacated. Case remanded. ‍‌‌‌​‌​​​‌‌​​​‌‌‌‌‌​‌‌‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​​‌​‌‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌​​‌​‍Jurisdiction relinquished.

¶ 17 Judge KLEIN files a Concurring Statement.

CONCURRING STATEMENT BY KLEIN, J.:

¶ 1 I fully agree with the majority‘s decision to vacate the judgment and remand for trial. I also agree that this Court‘s recent decision in , is distinguishable from the instant case. I write separately, however, to note that I believe the holding in Trombetta is incorrect and calls for further clarification by either an en banc panel of our Court or the Pennsylvania Supreme Court.

¶ 2 In Trombetta, a panel of this Court held that “de novo review clаuses contained in arbitration agreements are unenforceable as a mater of law in Pennsylvania.” . In my view, this is too sweeping a statement. Precluding parties from crafting an arbitration clause to allow de novo appeal frustrates the purpose of alternative dispute resоlution and contradicts the principle that parties to an arbitration clause can contract for their remedy.

¶ 3 I believe the holding in Trombetta is flawed and could discourage parties from entering into arbitration agreements. As the majority correctly notes, we are not bound by Trombetta because the arbitration clausе in this case preserved the parties’ right to a judicial forum and de novo trial of all arbitrated issues, not de novo review. However, should the Trombetta issue arise again, I would strongly urge review by either a Court en banc or the Supreme Court.

Notes

1
1. 42 Pa.C.S. § 7342(b), confirmation and judgment, provides that on application of a party made more than thirty days after an award is made by an arbitrator under section 7341 (relating to common law arbitration), the court shall enter an order confirming the award and shall enter a judgment or decree in conformity with the order.
2
2. The award of an arbitrator in a nonjudicial arbitration ... is binding and may not be vacated or modified unless it is clearly shown that a party was denied a hearing or that fraud, misconduct, corruption or other irregularity caused the rendition of an unjust, inequitable or unconscionable award. 42 Pa.C.S. § 7341.
3
We note that defendant‘s petition to open, although filed on July 6, 2006, was nоt docketed until July 12, 2006. Despite the late docketing, however, no one disputes that the petition was filed with the Prothonotary on July 6, 2006.
4
We note that in this case, the distinguished trial judge never discussed or even mentioned the applicability of Rule 237.3(b). Rather than prepare a proper Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) opinion, the trial judge merely referenced the footnote in his initial order denying the petition to open, which quoted boilerplate law and did not refer to the facts or specific issues of this case. This seems to be an increasing trend among trial judges. We recognize that trial judges are busy, particularly when dealing with a large volume of motions. It may be appropriate ‍‌‌‌​‌​​​‌‌​​​‌‌‌‌‌​‌‌‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​​‌​‌‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌​​‌​‍for a trial court to issue a short-form explanation of its decision to the parties, who are already familiar with the case. However, once an appeal is taken, the trial court should explain the facts and its ruling in more detail. In this case, the trial judge has an excеllent reputation, and a more thorough analysis of the issues undoubtedly would have assisted our Court.