135 F. 707 | 4th Cir. | 1905
The bill of Coster et al., trustees, was filed March 13, 1899, its purpose being the foreclosure of the underlying mortgage of the Parkersburg Branch Railroad Com
It is contended by appellant that the court did not have power to revoke, annul, or modify its order of October 27, 1903, which granted permission to sue the receiver, and reserved the question as to the forum in which suit should be brought. The court undoubtedly had the right to attach any reasonable condition to the order which granted permission to sue the receiver, and, if necessary, to modify or revoke any order which it might have improvidently granted.
It is also contended by appellant that the state of West Virginia, in the exercise of its sovereign right of eminent domain, cannot in any way be interfered with by the courts of-the United States. We do not understand such to be the law. In the case of Searl v. School District No. 2, 124 U. S. 199, 8 Sup. Ct. 461, 31 L. Ed. 415, Justice Matthews, in discussing this question, said:
“Such a proceeding, according to the decision of this court in Kohl v. United States, 91 U. S. 367 [23 L. Ed. 449], is a suit at law, within the meaning of the Constitution of the United States and the acts of Congress conferring jurisdiction upon the courts of the United States. In Boom Co. v. Patterson, 98 U. S. 403, 406 [25 L. Ed. 206], speaking of a judicial proceeding to appropriate private property to a public use and to fix compensation therefor, it was said: ‘If that inquiry take the form of a proceeding before the courts, between parties, the owners of the land on one side, and the company, seeking the appropriation, on the other, there is a controversy which is subject to the ordinary incidents of a civil suit;’ and among such incidents it was held in that case was the right, on the ground of citizenship, to remove it from a state to a federal tribunal for hearing and determination. The same point was ruled in the Pacific Railroad Removal Cases, 115 U. S. 1, 18 [5 Sup. Ct. 1113, 29 L. Ed. 319]. In Gaines v. Euentes, 92 U. S. 10 [23 L. Ed. 524], it was held that a controversy between citizens is involved in a suit whenever any property or claim of the parties capable of pecuniary estimation is the subject of litigation, and is presented by pleadings for judicial determination.”
In the case supra the federal court did not have jurisdiction in the first instance, but obtained it by virtue of the removal of the case from the state to the federal court. In this case the court has already assumed jurisdiction and control over the property which is sought to be condemned for public use, and, inasmuch as it had jurisdiction over the parties and subject-matter of the controversy at the time of the application to sue the receiver, it was competent for the court to put in motion the machinery provided by
It has often been held in cases wherein federal courts assume jurisdiction of a suit pending between citizens of different states that the court is empowered to proceed in accordance with the rules of procedure which obtain in the state where the controversy arises. In this case it is clear that the court has the right on a proper showing to authorize the condemnation of the property in question, in accordance with the provisions of the statutes of West Virginia; and in doing so the court does not interfere with the state in the exercise of any right authorized by its statutes, but is simply enforcing the laws of West Virginia in a case where the court has obtained jurisdiction over the parties and the subject-matter involved in the controversy. However, the principal and most important question which the court is called upon to decide is whether the facts in this case entitle the petitioner to institute suit against the receiver without permission of the court. The real contention presented for our consideration is as to the proper construction of section 3 of Act March 3, 1887, c. 373, 24 Stat. 554, and Act Aug. 13, 1888, c. 866, 25 Stat. 436 [U. S. Comp. St. 1901, p. 582], which reads as follows:
“That every receiver or manager of any property,- appointed by any court of tbe United States, may be sued in respect to any act or transaction of bis in carrying on tbe business connected with such property, without the previous leave of the court in which such receiver or manager was appointed; but such suit shall be subject to the general equity jurisdiction of the court in which such receiver or manager was appointed; so far as the same shall be necessary to the ends of justice.”
This act provides that suits may be brought against receivers in certain instances therein specified without leave of the court. It was clearly the intention of Congress to restrict the cases wherein suits are to be brought without permission of the court to acts and transactions of the receiver in carrying on the business intrusted to his care, and the statute in question cannot be construed to mean that suits may be brought against a receiver to establish any right to the property which may be placed in his custody without the permission of the court. The property being at all times under the control of the court of administration, it would be absurd to permit the institution of suits in another forum to recover such property or diminish its value.
If the contention of appellant as to the meaning of the statute be correct, such construction would render the court powerless to protect the property placed in its custody for preservation. It cannot be said that this is a suit which does not affect the value of the property; neither can it be contended that it is not brought for the purpose of recovering a portion of the property now in the hands of the receiver. The suit is proposed to be instituted for the purpose of acquiring an easement, which is, to say the least of it, a qualified estate; it is such an estate as may be assigned and transferred for a valuable consideration,-and it is a right which, if established, would deprive the Parkersburg Branch Railroad
The case of Gableman v. Peoria, Decatur & Evansville R. R. Co., 179 U. S. 335, 21 Sup. Ct. 171, 45 L. Ed. 220, is relied on by appellant to sustain the contention that the petitioner is entitled to bring this suit without leave of the court. That was a case wherein a party was injured by the failure of the defendant company in the hands of the receiver to properly operate gates at a railroad crossing. In that case the plaintiff clearly had the right to institute suit against the receiver without leave of the court, because the act complained of was performed while he was, as such receiver, operating the property, which brought it clearly within the provisions of the act of 1887-88.
The contention that the refusal of the receiver to agree upon a crossing at a point and in a matter insisted upon by the appellant, which the receiver considered as detrimental to the property in his custody as receiver, can be construed as an act or transaction by the receiver as contemplated by the act of 1887-88, is untenable. His refusal to accede to the demands of appellant was not “an act or transaction of his in carrying on the business connected with such property in his custody,” but was simply a refusal on his part to permit another to acquire title to a portion of the property placed in his custody without first obtaining leave of the court.
Under the circumstances the action of the learned judge who tried this case was eminently proper, and therefore we find no error. The adoption of any other policy in such cases would, in most instances, result in confusion, and would be productive of a conflict of jurisdiction in the administration of property committed to the custody of the court.
The orders of the Circuit Court refusing to authorize the receiver to be sued in another forum, and perpetually restraining the Buckhannon & Northern Railroad Company from instituting suit against the receiver in the circuit court of Taylor County, W. Va., are affirmed.