The executor of the will of Frank H. Buck, being in doubt as to whether there had been a partial ademption of certain legacies, petitioned for instructions under section 588 of the Probate Code. The will bequeathed 30,000 shаres of the Belridge Oil Company stock to the testator’s six children, 5,000 shares of the same stock and $30,000 in cash to Helen S. Peterson,, certain cash and property to others, and the residue to his wife. When the will was executed Mr. Buck owned 40,000 shares of the stock, but he later transferred 10,000 of them to his wife and had only 30,000 shares When he died. The court determined that the bequests o£ *374 stock were specific and made an order instructing the executor that thе ademption of 5,000 shares was to be borne in toto by Miss Peterson, who was not related to the testator. She has appealed from that order.
The provisions of the will in question are as follows:
“Sixth: My children have all been provided for amply under the will of my mother, Annie S. Buck. Nevеrtheless, as a final and personal bequest, I give and bequeath to each of them Five Thousand (5,000) shares of the capital stock of the Belridge Oil Company, which shares are now represented in my estate by trustees’ certificates. . . .
“Eighth: I give and bequeath to Helen S. Peterson, residing at the time of the execution of this will at Garden Towers, 15th Street, N. W., Washington, D. C., Five Thousand (5,000) shares of the capital stock of Belridge Oil Company, which shares are nоw represented by trustees’ certificates, and in addition thereto, the sum of Thirty Thousand Dollars ($30,000.00) in cash.”
The correctness of the trial court’s order depends first upon whether the bequests of stock were general or specific. The question is whether the testator intended to give a specific thing and that alone, or to give a bequest which, in any event, should be paid out of his general estate. In determining whether a bequest is specific or general, the fundamental and controlling factor is the intent of the testator at the time the will was drafted.
(Estate of Jepson,
Applying these rules to bequests of stocks, bonds and other securities, it has been held that a gift of a certain number of securities described by the name of the corporation, or by value or quantity, but not indicating any particular lot of such securities, will be construed as a general bequest if there is nothing on the face of the will or in evidencе of the surrounding circumstances, where admissible, to indicate that the1 testator intended a gift only of the securities owned by him.
(Estate of Jones,
There is nothing in the will which shows the type of corporation or the manner in which its shares were held, and extrinsic evidence was admissible to establish these relevant facts. At the time of the execution of his will, on December 7, 1940, decedent was the owner of 40,000 shares of the Belridge Oil Cоmpany stock which were covered by a voting trust agreement and were represented by trustees’ certificates. Of the 1,000,000 shares issued by the company, approximately 61 per cent were contributed to the voting trust and were held by three families including that of the testator. The shares not in the trust were held in only 33 ownerships. None of the shares of the company had ever been traded in or listed on any stock exchange, and between thе date of the creation of the voting trust in 1937 and the date of the testator’s death in 1942, only 4,166⅓ shares of stock had been sold, and there had been no sales of shares represented by trustees’ certificates. The testatоr, as a director of the corporation and a trustee of the voting trust agreement, was fully aware of the nonpublic character of the stock, and it is reasonable to assume that when he executed his will he hаd in mind the disposition of specific shares owned by him.
In our opinion, the findings and conclusion of the trial court that the bequests of stock to the children and to appellant were specific are supported by the evidence. All of the stock was closely held, and the shares bequeathed were specifically referred to as being represented by trustees’ certificates. Those bequeathed to the children were further identifiеd as shares bow “in my estate.” The bequest of stock to appellant was coupled with a gift of $30,000 in cash, and, since the testator was financially able to have made a larger cash bequest, the separation of the legacy into stock and money is an additional indication that he intended the bequest of stock to be specific.
(Fidelity Nat. Bank & Trust Co.
v.
Hovey,
The case of
Estate of Jones,
In view of the ademption to the extent of 5,000 shares, we must determine whеther the legacies are to abate proportionately or "whether there are preferred legatees. The trial court decreed that since appellant is a stranger in blood, the ademptiоn should be borne entirely by her. Section 752 of the Probate Code provides that: “Unless a different intention is expressed in the will, abatement takes place in any class only as between legacies of that class, and lеgacies to a spouse or to kindred shall abate only after abatement of legacies to persons not related to the testator.” (Italics added.) The part of the section italicized above was substituted by amendment in 1939 for a clause which read as follows: “legacies to a spouse or to kindred are chargeable only after legacies to persons not related to the testator.”
Prior to the 1939 amendment thеre was some uncertainty as to whether the preference accorded to kindred was limited to a situation where the legacies could not be paid in full because of the depletion of assets due to the payment of debts. (See
Estate of
Apple,
■ Appellant contends that such contrary intent is expressed by the division of shares into equal amounts and by the statement of the testator that “My children have all been provided *377 for amply under the will of my mother. ...” It has also been suggested that the testator showed a concern for appеllant which was equal to or greater than that for his children by the provision bequeathing to her 5,000 shares of stock and “in addition thereto” $30,000. It is argued that she could not receive the money “in addition” to the stock unless she received the stock.
As we have seen, extrinsic evidence was introduced on the general subject of the testator’s intent, but our attention has not been called to any specific evidence which bears on this partiсular problem, and we do not find that “a different intention is expressed in the will” within the meaning of section 752. In order to defeat the preference accorded to the children under the statute, it must affirmatively and unequivocally appear that such was the testator’s intent. The fact that appellant and each of the children were given the same number of shares can reasonably be construed to show only what the testator intendеd had there been enough stock in the estate to satisfy the bequests in full. Ordinarily a testator is deemed to have acted on the belief that his estate would be sufficient to satisfy all legacies in full unless there has been some еxpression by the testator to indicate an expectation on his part of a possible insufficiency of assets.
(In re McDonald's Estate,
Neither the fact that the testator gave each legatee the same amount of stock nоr the fact that “in addition thereto” he made the cash provision for appellant shows that the testator intended to deprive his children of the preference accorded them by statute, in the event there was not enough stock to satisfy all of the bequests. Nor do we find such an intent expressed in the reasons given by the testator for not making more generous provision for his children. He explained that they had been amply provided for by his mother, but he stated that “nevertheless, as a final and personal bequest I give and bequeath to each of them 5,000 shares of the capital stock of the Belridge Oil Company.” He thus evidenced an intent that notwithstanding thе provision which had been made for them by his mother, he desired to make each of them a personal gift of the stock. Certainly it cannot be said that he thereby intended to place his children in a less favorable рosition than that accorded them by statute.
*378
The cases relied upon by appellant are clearly distinguishable. In
Estate of Fairfield,
In our opinion the trial cоurt in the present case properly determined that no intention was expressed in the will which precluded the application of the statutory provision relative to abatement.
The order is affirmed.
Shenk, J., Edmonds, J., Carter, J., Traynor, J., Schauer, J., and Spence, J., concurred.