46 Mo. App. 555 | Mo. Ct. App. | 1891
This is an action by the plaintiff against the defendant, a street railway company, for damages for an alleged injury to his infant son, Orley, who was at the time alleged about six years old. The material allegations in the petition are, that while said Orley was a passenger on appellant’s car he attempted to alight from the front platform of the car, but, before
The answer is a general denial, and it further alleges, that, if the plaintiff was damaged, it was solely on account of his own negligence and the negligence of said Orley contributing directly thereto. The plaintiff had judgment for $1,100, and from which defendant appealed.
I. The defendant here assaults the judgment on the ground that the petition does not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action. The specific objection being, as we understand it, that the petition does not expressly allege that the plaintiff’s child was his “servant” at the time of the injury. While it is true the petition fails to allege this fact, it does allege by reason of the inj ury that plaintiff will be deprived of-the services' of his child,.etc., as the petition states that the child is an infant, only six years old, and chat the plaintiff is his father, and that in consequence of the injury received by the child that the plaintiff would be deprived of his services. We would have supposed these allegations sufficient without the express averment that the child was plaintiff’s servant. The allegation that the plaintiff is the father of the child, and that the services of the latter have been, or will be, lost to the former in consequence of the injury, furnish an ample base for the inference that the child is, or was, the father’s servitor. The right of action to recover for the services of the child is presumed to be in the father — is prima facie in him. Schouler’s Domestic Rel., sec.
In the light of the ruling made by the St. Louis Court of Appeals in Matthews v. Railroad, 21 Mo. App. 188, the allegation here that plaintiff has been deprived of his child’s services renders the petition sufficient. The majority of the judges of the same court, however, in Matthews v. Railroad, 26 Mo. App. 75, declared that the petition in that case stated no ground for the recovery of damages, “ in respect of loss of services, because it was not alleged the child was the servant of the plaintiff at the time of the injury. This rule of pleading is invoked by the defendant here for the first time, but owing to the state of the record, as we shall presently show, it is inapplicable to a case of this kind, so that it is not necessary for us to express our views of this rule further than has been already intimated.
If the petition was defective from the reason contended by defendant, it should have seasonably objected to the introduction of evidence to support the allegation defectively made. The failure, as was the case, to make this objection in the court below, where it could have been met by an amendment, must be here held to operate as a waiver of that objection. Both under the
The ruléis now well established by the adjudications in this state that, .if a material matter is not expressly averred in the pleading, but is necessarily implied from what is stated therein, the defect is cured by verdict in favor of the party pleading. If the defendant in such case pleads to the merits he thereby waives the objection to the mere formal defects, and will not be heard at the trial, or on appeal, to object that the petition does not state a cause of action. Such an objection can only be interposed when the petition fails to state any cause of action, not where one is defectively stated. Grove v. City of Kansas, 75 Mo. 672; Bavie v. Kansas City, 51 Mo. 454; Elpart v. Seiler, 54 Mo. 134; Sparlock v. Railroad, 93 Mo. 538; Berthold v. Ins. Co., 2 Mo. App. 311 ; State v. County Court, 51 Mo. 522. The worst that can be said of plaintiff’s petition is, that it defectively stated the plaintiff’s title to the right of action, not that it wholly failed to state a title at all, and, therefore, it is not subject to the objection that it did not state a cause of action.
II. The defendant further contends that the circuit court erred in refusing to direct the jury that, under the law and the evidence, the plaintiff was not entitled to recover. The defendant urges as grounds in support of this contention, that the evidence fails to show
Negligence cannot ordinarily be imputed to a child of the age.of six years, for it would not be presumed of sufficient capacity or discretion to understand the danger of getting off and on street railway cars, and to guard against it. Railroad v. Caldwell, 74 Pa. St., supra. It was within the scope of the employment of the driver, who was the conductor of the car in question, to receive passengers on the car and let them off. Wilton v. Railroad, 107 Mass. 103; Rairdon v. Railroad, 104 Mass. 117.
The plaintiff’s son was received as a passenger. This fact cannot be affected by the omission of the driver to demand or collect fare. He was a full-fledged passenger, and as such he was entitled to the same protection, and to have the car managed with as much care, as if he had paid his fare. Muehlhausen v. Railroad,
The plaintiff’s son sustaining to defendant the relation of passenger at the time of the injury, the common-law liability of the defendant, attached. Defendant owed him, as such passenger, the duty to exercise the highest possible degree of care and vigilance in the conduct and management of its cars in every particular, with the view to his safety, without reference to whether he was a passenger for hire or a free passenger. Beach on Contributory Neg. 153, and cases there cited ; Kelley v. Railroad, 70 Mo. 604; Price v. Railroad, 72 Mo. 414. And for the slightest negligence or carelessness in these respects the defendant is liable. Lemon v. Chanslor, 68 Mo. 340; Railroad v. Hust, 93 U. S. 291; Jacobs v. Railroad, 20 Minn. 125; Railroad v. Derby, 14 How. (U. S.) 468.
While the plaintiff’s son was in the act of alighting from the defendant’s car there was a sudden jerk, or forward movement, which threw him off the platform and caused his injury. This constituted a breach of defendant’s duty, and, for any injury arising therefrom, there would be liability. And whether there was a breach of the duty, of which there was some evidence, was a question for the jury.
In Railroad v. Bohn, 27 Mich. 503, it was said “a railway car, however, is not supposed to be a dangerous vehicle of conveyance to those who take it * * *.
The defendant’s further insistan ce is, that the parents of the boy were guilty of contributory negligence in consenting that he ride upon the defendant’s car; that had it not been for their consent the boy would not have accepted the invitation of the driver, and so would not have been upon the defendant’s car and injured by reason thereof. Admitting that the plaintiff was guilty of negligence in thus giving the boy
Not only do we think there was sufficient evidence to authorize the submission of the case to the jury on the question of defendant’s negligence, but the evidence did not show that kind and degree of contributory negligence that would preclude plaintiff’s recovery.
This instruction, when read in connection with the others for plaintiff, fairly submits the case under the pleadings and evidence. Muehlhausen v. Railroad, supra; Whalen v. Railroad, 60 Mo. 323; Karl v. Railroad, 55 Mo. 476.
IV. The defendant’s further complaint is that the plaintiff’s third instruction ignored the defense of contributory negligence. This defense was not in the case further than it was disclosed by the evidence of the plaintiff. We have already decided that it did not tend to show that the plaintiff or his child was guilty of any such contributory negligence as would bar plaintiff’s recovery. The defendant did not introduce any evidence to sustain this defense. The plaintiff ’ s instructions, therefore, very properly omitted any reference to it. This instruction was not erroneous in directing the jury that, if the defendant’s car driver .could have, by the exercise of reasonable care and prudence upon his part, prevented the injury, the defendant was liable. “Reasonable care and prudence,” imply the converse of negligence. Now, if the jury found from "the evidence
VI. The defendant finally complains of the action of the trial court in giving the plaintiff’s fifth instruction which informed the jury that, if they find for the plaintiff, they will assess his damages at such sum as they may believe from the evidence will be a fair compensation for the loss of service, if any, already sustained, and for the loss of service, if any, in the future, to the time of the arrival of the plaintiff ’ s son at the age of twenty-one, if they further find from the evidence, taking into consideration the nature and character of the injury sustained, that plaintiff will suffer any loss of his son’s service to •that date; and su^h further sum as they may find from •the evidence will be a reasonable and fair compensation for necessary medicines, medical attendance and nursing expended and paid out or contributed to be expended or paid out by plaintiff. This instruction was authorized by the evidence and the law as it is established in this state. The rule is that, when a child has been injured through the negligence of another, the father is entitled to recover, as damages, an amount which will fully compensate him for the loss of service and care of the child and the expense resulting from the injury, for a period not extending^ beyond the majority of the child, including- surgical attention, care, nursing, medicine and the like. Frick v. Railroad, 75 Mo. 542; Smith v. Railroad, 55 Mo. 446; Dunn v. Railroad, 21 Mo. App. 188. The evidence showed that plaintiff had paid about $600 for surgical attention and medicine for the boy; that the services of a nurse for him during the time required was reasonably worth from $1 to $3 per day; that the boy was confined to his bed about three months during which he required careful nursing. The plaintiff the only witness who
YI. The instructions given by the court on its own motion, with those given at. the instance of defendant on its behalf, were exceedingly favorable to defendant. We can discover no error in-the action of the court in refusing ten of the instructions asked' by defendant. The principles they asserted were either embraced in others given, or they were erroneous and inapplicable to the case.
YII. We think the examination of the boy .as to his competency as a witness fully demonstrates the propriety of the action of the court in permitting him to testify. We see nothing in his examination that in the least calls for any interference by us with the action of the court.
The judgment of the circuit court will be affirmed.