Buck-Reiner Co. v. Beatty

82 Iowa 353 | Iowa | 1891

GraNoer, .T.

The case involves the construction of chapter 117 of the Acts of the Twenty-first General Assembly. The precise point is as to tlie effect oí a garnishment under an attachment proceeding, whether it creates such a lien or right to the property that it takes priority over a lien. by virtue of a levy under an attachment, where to make such levy effective the mortgage debt is paid, as provided by the chapter cited. It may be well to first inquire as to the state of the law before the act in question, to better determine its effect thereon by knowing the purpose to be subserved by the act. Under the law, as it then existed, chattel property in the hands of the mortgagor, with the right of the mortgagee to possession, was beyond the reach of process by his creditors, except the mortgagee. Rindskoff v. Lyman, 16 Iowa, 260; Campbell v. Leonard, 11 Iowa, 489; Gordon v. Hardin, 33 Iowa, 550 ; Vanslyck v. Mills, 34 Iowa, 375. The effect of the holdings is to protect the property from a lien resulting from a levy, as well as to protect the mortgagee in his right of possession. It is also true, and on undisputed authority, that such property in the hands of a mortgagee was protected from seizure by process. It was, however, the law prior to the enactment of the act in question, where the property was in the possession of the mortgagee, that a creditor might, by the process of attachment by garnishment, secure the surplus after the payment of the mortgage debt. Doan v. Garretson 24 Iowa, 351; Davis v. Wilson, 52 Iowa, 187; Hoffman v. Wetherell, 42 Iowa, 89; McConnell v. Denham, 72 Iowa, 494. It is, however, expressly held that the attachment by garnishment creates no lien on the mortgaged property.. Mooar v. Walker, 46 Iowa, 164 ; McConnell v. Denham, supra. In the former case, a principal question was, where there was an attachment by garnishment, “whether, under the attachment proceedings, the plaintiff obtained any lien on, or right to,” the prox>erty in the hands of the garnishee. The , language indicating the extent of the question to be considered is quite comprehensive, embracing not only that of a lien ón, but of any right to, the property; and the language of the holding is equally comprehensive, for it expressly denies a right to a lien, and declares that the creditor mnst look alone to the personal liability of the garnishee. The significance of snch language is not doubtful, and, in view of it, we need not discuss the applicability of other authorities cited by the appellant. With that state of the law, the right of a creditor, as against a mortgagee, was to create a personal liability through the process of garnishment; and that right clearly existed. On what did this personal liability of the garnishee depend? On the fact that after the payment of the mortgage debt there was in his hands a surplus of the pledged property. Because of his personal liability, he could, as against the mortgagor, exhaust the surplus for the discharge of such liability. It may then be properly said that the law gave to him a lien on, or right to, the surplus for that purpose.

We may now inquire how the act in question affects the law as thus stated. It provides “that personal property, not exempt from execution, hereafter mortgaged, * * * may be taken on attachment or execution issued at the suit of a creditor of a mortgagor ; but before the property is so taken the officer or plaintiff must pay or tender to the holder of the mortgage the amount of the mortgage debt, and interest accrued, or must deposit the amount thereof with the clerk” for the holder of the mortgage. By this proceeding the creditor obtains a lien on the property, which before could not be done.

We should now inquire if the remedy so provided is exclusive. Does it so operate as to exclude the creditor from the proceeding by garnishment, and a remedy through the personal liability of the garnishee? If so, the effect of the statute is to repeal or set aside a well-xecognized law of the estate, and one having its foundation in statutory enactments. If both may stand in harmony with the legislative will, it should be allowed. The language of the act does not indicate a purpose to change the law, but to add a remedy by which creditors may obtain a lien on the property, and exhaust a surplus which, before was many times beyond their reach. The language of the act is that “personal property mortgaged * * * may be taken on attachment or execution,” etc. There is no reason for construing the word “may” as “shall,” or as imperative in its meaning. Again, to hold that the remedy provided by the act is exclusive is to deprive creditors, who are unable to discharge mortgage debts by payment, of every means of reaching that class of property, and make the law available to the few, and not the many; we believe that such was not the legislative purpose. With the two remedies in existence, the law comes to the aid of all classes of creditors, and works injustice to none. How, then, where the two remedies are sought as to the same property, as in this case, does the lien of the attachment affect the rights of the garnishing creditor ? Before the attachment was levied at the suit of the plaintiff, Garner’s right was thus: If the mortgagees had a surplus of property, Garner was entitled to the avails of such surplus. Was it the design of the law that an attaching creditor, under the act, should displace a garnishing creditor who had secured such a right? A law so designed would be manifestly unjust, and such a purpose should not be attributed to the legislature, in the absence of a clear intent. The courts should not, by doubtful construction, divest such a creditor of a right thus obtained. We think the garnishees are not, because of. the attachment at the suit of the plaintiff, discharged from their liability to Garner, and that their liability carries with it the right to retain the mortgaged property for its discharge. What might be the rights of the plaintiff, if willing to discharge the liability of the garnishees by payment, is a question in no way presented, and as to which we express no opinion.

Upon the record, there'should be a judgment for the garnishees, who are the appellants herein, for the property, and denying to the plaintiff its prayer for foreclosure and a sale. Reversed.