288 S.W. 116 | Tex. | 1926
This cause is before the Supreme Court upon the following *203 certificate from the Honorable Court of Civil Appeals of the Tenth District:
"O. M. Buchanan, Jr., the son of appellants, was working for the J. K. Hughes Development Company in the oil fields of Navarro County, and while so engaged was stricken with typhoid fever, from which he died. The J. K. Hughes Development Company was at said time employing more than three men and was operating under the Workmen's Compensation Act, having taken out a policy of insurance with appellee under the provisions of said Act.
"Appellants filed their claim with the Industrial Accident Board, claiming that their son contracted typhoid fever from which he died by reason of the food or drinking water which his employer, J. K. Hughes Development Company, was required to and did furnish him under his contract of employment. The Industrial Accident Board made an award, from which an appeal was taken by appellee to the District Court, which sustained a general demurrer to appellants' cause of action, holding, in effect, that typhoid fever contracted by Buchanan while in the employment of Hughes Development Company and as a result of the water and food furnished him by it, was not a compensable injury.
"At a former day of this term of court we affirmed the judgment of the trial court and the cause is now pending before us on motion for rehearing. By reason of the importance of the question involved, and because of the insistence on the part of appellants that our opinion is in conflict with the case of Millers Indemnity Underwriters v. Heller,
"In our opinion we followed what we thought was the holding in the case of Texas Employers' Insurance Association v. Jackson,
We think the Court of Civil Appeals correctly decided this case. A copy of its opinion accompanies the record. We quote from that opinion as follows:
"A number of the States have Workmen's Compensation Acts. No two of them, however, are, so far as we have found, exactly the same, and there have been many decisions written by the courts of the different States attempting to construe said acts. Our Workmen's Compensation Act defines what is to be construed as an injury in Sec. 5 of Art. 8309 of the statutes, which reads:
" 'The term "injury" or "personal injury" shall be construed to mean damage or harm to the physical structure of the body and such diseases or infections as naturally result therefrom.'
"In those States where the Workmen's Compensation Act provides that an injury is compensable which is caused by accident and which grows out of and is incidental to the servant's employment, the weight of authority seems to be that a disease is a compensable injury if it was contracted by the employe while engaged in and as a result of his employment. Aetna Life Ins. Co. v. Portland Gas Co., 229 Fed., 552; Vennen v. New Dell's Lbr. Co.,
"Since the Legislature has limited, by its definition, diseases of employes for which compensation is allowable to such diseases as naturally result from an injury as defined above, we do not think said act should be construed to or that it does cover diseases contracted by the employe which are not caused by an injury, although the disease may have been caused by the conditions under which he was forced to work. The courts have not the power to enact laws, they can only construe them."
It is quite clear that the great weight of authority, under a statute similar to ours, is in line with the opinion of the Court of Civil Appeals in this case. Even in one of the cases under dissimilar statutes, where typhoid fever was involved, the dissenting Justice said that the great weight of authority was contrary to the decision even in that case. We refer to the Wisconsin case of Vennen v. New Dells Lumber Co.,
Under statutes similar to ours, it is the uniform holding of the courts that before any disease is compensable, it must be the direct result of an injury. Not only so, but that injury must be to the physical structure of the body. This language has been construed to mean that the disease must result from violence upon the external portion of the body.
This latter construction has been recently upheld by our Supreme Court. We refer to the cases of Texas Employers' Insurance Association v. Jackson,
In the Jackson case, an employe was forced by his duties to expose himself to incessant rains without proper protection furnished by his employer. He was drenched by water. It soaked in through his skin and body. He was chilled and contracted pneumonia. But, in that case, it was held that there was no external violence to his body and he was not permitted to recover.
In the Graham case, a girl employe contracted tuberculosis as the result of gas fumes she inhaled while performing her duty in dye works. But, in that case, it was held that she died from an occupational or industrial disease which was not due in any sense to any external violence. In neither of these cases was the decision influenced in any way by the question as to whether or not the employer was negligent. The compensation law does not depend upon negligence. It was merely held that there was no accidental injury within the purview of our statute.
The two decisions just reviewed by us are not in conflict with the Heller case mentioned in the certificate. In that case, it appears that the injury was caused by external violence. A man had severed the skin on his hand. The dirt and lint from the cottonseed with which he was working was forcibly injected into that wound on his hand. From the injection of this poison, blood poison set up. The refusal of the writ of error in that case is in entire harmony with the holdings in the two recent cases by the Commission.
The decision of the Court of Civil Appeals in the case at bar is in line with the authorities in other States which have statutes most similar to ours. It is in line with the former decisions of the Commission of Appeals.
In view of what we have said, we recommend that the first question certified be answered in the negative. We recommend that the second question be answered in the negative. We recommend that the third question be answered to the effect that the trial court correctly sustained the general demurrer and that the Court of Civil Appeals reached the right conclusion in affirming such action by the trial court.
The opinion of the Commission Appeals answering certified questions is adopted and ordered certified to the Court of Civil Appeals.
C. M. Cureton, Chief Justice. *207