133 P. 780 | Or. | 1913
Lead Opinion
delivered the opinion of the court.
It is contended that errors were committed in refusing to grant a judgment of nonsuit, and in declining
1. It is the duty of a master to exercise care in furnishing a reasonably safe instrument with which a servant may perform the work demanded of him. In Geldhard v. Marshall, 43 Or. 438, 444 (73 Pac. 330, 331), Mr. Justice Bean, in discussing the carelessness of the employer to the person engaged to render personal services, says: “There may be, and are, cases in which the master’s negligence is clearly inferable, although there is no positive proof thereof. The rule is that if two inferences may be legitimately drawn from the facts in evidence, one favorable and the other unfavorable to the defendant, a question is presented which calls for the opinion of the jury.”
3. It is insisted that no testimony was offered tending to support the averment of the complaint that the defendant did not have a guard on the saw, and for that reason errors were committed in denying the motion for a nonsuit and refusing to direct a verdict, as requested. The answer practically admits that no guard was placed on the saw, averring that the instrument could not be operated when so attempted to be protected, and, this being so, no evidence on that branch of the question was required.
4. It is argued that no testimony was offered tending to show that the failure to place a guard on the saw was the proximate cause of the hurt. In actions to recover damages for a personal injury it is essential to a recovery that the negligence alleged in the complaint should be the proximate cause of the hurt.
5. Where, however, a question as to which of the several causes produced the injury arises, the issue should be submitted to the jury for their determination: Elliff v. Oregon R. & N. Co., 53 Or. 66, 76 (99
6. It is contended that no evidence was produced to show that the saw in question when in operation was so dangerous as to require a guard. There are some physical facts so well established that they will be assumed as true; thus where a circular ripsaw 14 inches in diameter set in a frame, so that when the operator placed his foot on a lever, thereby raising the edge of the saw above the surface of the table, and the instrumentality was rapidly operated by electricity, the safety of human life and the protection of the- limbs of inexperienced laborers engaged about such a machine demand that a guard should be supplied.
7. The condition of the ripsaw and its mode of operation were such that no evidence was required to prove that the defendant knew of the danger incident to working with or about such machinery without having a guard on the saw. If by the breaking of some part of the instrumentality, which was apparently in perfect condition, and in consequence of a flaw, the plaintiff was injured, it would have been necessary to prove the defendant’s knowledge of the imperfection, or that it was negligent in failing to discover the defect: Geldard v. Marshall, 43 Or. 438 (73 Pac. 330); Finn v. Oregon W. P. Ry. Co., 51 Or. 66 (93 Pac. 690). Such is not the case before us, where the operation of the saw was at all times, inherently dangerous, when used without a guard. What has just been said in respect to evidence applies also to the complaint, and shows that it was not necessary to allege such scienter.
Complaint is also made because the court refused to instruct the jury as requested by defendant’s counsel. An examination of the entire charge as given convinces us that the facts involved were fairly presented to the
From a careful examination of the whole testimony, which is attached to the bill of exceptions, we are unable affirmatively to say there is no evidence to support the verdict. Other errors than those considered are assigned, but, deeming them immaterial, the judgment is affirmed. Affirmed.
Mr. Chief J ustice McBride, Mr. Justice Burnett and Mr. Justice Bamsey concur.
Rehearing
Denied September 23, 1913.
On Petition for Behearing.
(134 Pac. 1191.)
delivered the opinion of the court.
8. In a petition for rehearing it is contended by defendant’s counsel that the verdict, awarding the plaintiff $1,500 for the slight injury which he suffered, is so excessive that an error was committed in refusing to set aside the judgment and grant a new trial. It is argued that a clause of the amendment of Article VII, Section 3, of the Constitution of Oregon, ratified November 8, 1910, declaring that “no fact tried by a jury shall he otherwise re-examined in any court of this state, unless the court can affirmatively say that there is no evidence to support the verdict,” should be interpreted in connection with another provision of the amendment that “if, in any respect, the judgment appealed from should he changed, and the Supreme Court shall be of the opinion that it can determine what judgment should have been entered in the court below, it shall direct such judgment to he entered in the same manner and with like effect as decrees are now
Section 174, L. O. L., formerly permitted a judgment to be set aside and a new trial granted on the motion of the party aggrieved for the following causes, inter alia, to wit: “ (5) Excessive damages appearing to have been given under the influence of passion, or prejudice; (6) insufficiency of the evidence to justify the verdict or other decision, or that it is against law. ’ ’ Pursuant to the provisions of that statute it had been the practice of many trial courts in Oregon, prior to the amendment of the organic law, parts of which have been quoted, to set aside judgments and grant new trials, when, from a consideration of all the evidence given at the trial of an action, it was believed the verdict was excessive. In order to inhibit such practice and to uphold verdicts, the Constitution was amended so as to preclude a court from re-examining any fact that had been tried by a jury, when the verdict returned was based on any legal evidence: Consor v. Andrew, 61 Or. 483 (123 Pac. 46); State v. Rader, 62 Or. 37 (124 Pac. 195); Forrest v. Portland Ry., L. & P. Co., 64 Or. 240 (129 Pac. 1050); Sullivan v. Wakefield, 65 Or. 528 (133 Pac. 641).
That part of Article YII of Section 3 of the fundamental law, which prohibits a court from re-examining any fact tried by a jury, when the verdict is based on legal evidence properly admitted, should be so construed as to effectuate the purposes and objects that evidently induced the amendment.
9. In construing the provisions of a state Constitution as applicable to a cause tried by a court, the chief inquiry is to ascertain, if possible, the intent of the persons who formed that part of the fundamental law,
To construe in pari materia the two clauses of the written instrument, agreed upon by the voters of Oregon as the absolute rule of action and decision, invoked by defendant’s counsel as controlling herein, would seem to render nugatory the first provision hereinbefore quoted, thereby necessarily trenching upon the rule which requires effect to be given to each word used in a Constitution. If in the trial of an action at law an error has been committed by the court, and upon appeal from the judgment the Supreme'Court from an examination of the entire testimony, the instructions, and all other matters material to the decision, can determine what conclusion should have been reached, it may disregard such errors, when substantial justice would thereby be promoted, and direct the proper verdict to be entered. It will thus be seen that the right, upon appeal, to correct a judgment rests upon an error of law committed by the trial court and not upon the re-examination of any fact tried by a jury, except in cases where the Supreme Court can affirm
•10. In the case at bar the verdict come within the rule thus announced, and as we cannot affirmatively say the conclusion of the jury is not supported by evidence, the amendment prohibiting the re-examination of any fact thus tried and supported necessarily modifies Section 174, subdivision 5, L. O. L., and that part of subdivision 6 which reads as follows: “Insufficiency of the evidence to justify the verdict or other decision.”
It follows that the former opinion herein is adhered to, and the petition for rehearing is denied.
Affirmed: Rehearing Denied.