119 N.Y.S. 41 | N.Y. App. Div. | 1909
Order and interlocutory judgment affirmed, with costs, on the opinion of Mr. Justice Stapleton at Special Term.
Jenks, Buee and Rich, JJ., concurred; Hieschbeeg, P. J., and G-aynoe, J., dissented.
This is an action for dower. The application is to the Special Term for judgment upon the pleadings under the provisions of section 547 of the Code of Civil Procedure.
An inspection of the pleadings reveals no tender of an issue of fact and the duty to render the judgment required by the law applicable to the conceded facts is presented.
The plaintiff and Robert H. Bryon were married. Mr. Bryon died intestate on the 20th day of February, 1908, seized of certain real property which was unoccupied at the time of the commencement of the action. The defendants are his heirs at law. The heirs at law exercise acts of ownership thereupon and claim title thereto. The defendants allege as a defense that in an action then pending in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, in the county of New York, wherein said Robert H. Bryon was plaintiff, and the plaintiff herein was defendant, an interlocutory judgment of divorce in favor of said Robert H. Bryon and against said plaintiff, was duly made and entered on the 26tli day of December, 1907, and that on the 8th day of April, 1908, a final judgment was entered in that action divorcing the parties and dissolving the marriage. It will be perceived that the interlocutory judgment in the divorce action was entered on the 26th day of December, 1907, the plaintiff, husband, in that action died seized of real estate on February 20, 1908, and that some one after the death of the plaintiff therein procured the entry of a final judgment on the Sth day of April, 1908. The precise question submitted for judicial consideration is: Does the interlocutory judgment prescribed in section 1774 of the Code of Civil Procedure in an action for divorce, in favor of a husband, plaintiff, deprive the defendant of dower in the real estate of which he died seized, prior to the time when a final judgment could be entered according to the provisions of that section ?
The correct answer must be found in the proper construction of that enactment. At the outset it is essential to consider the validity of the final judgment which was entered after the death of the husband, plaintiff, in the divorce action.
In McGurley v. McGurley (60 Md. 189) the court said: “It is
In Hopkins v. Hopkins (21 Wkly. Dig. 174) the General Term of this department, Barnard, P. J., writing, held that a divorce action died with the plaintiff. She was sole plaintiff and the action did not survive. It was improper after the death for the attorney to take further steps in the action in the name of the deceased plaintiff. The course of authority establishing this doctrine has been uniform. (See Kellogg v. Stoddard, 89 App. Div. 138, in which the authorities are fully cited.)
Section 763 of, the Code of Civil Procedure, which provides for the automatic entry of final judgment in the names of. the original parties where a party dies after the’entry of an interlocutory judgment, applies exclusively to cases in which the cause of action survives. (Robinson v. Govers, 138 N. Y. 425.) It is clear, therefore, that the entry of final judgment in the divorce action after the death of the plaintiff therein was unwarranted, extrajudicial and ineffective.
The defendants are thus remitted for the support of their defense to the interlocutory decree. The pertinent provisions of the section under examination are as follows: “Ho final judgment annulling a marriage, or divorcing the parties and dissolving a marriage, shall be entered, in an action brought under either article first or article second of this title, until after the expiration of three months after the filing of the decision of the court or report of the referee. Such decision or report must be filed and interlocutory judgment thereon must be entered within fifteen days after the party becomes entitled to file or enter the same, and can not be filed or entered after the expiration of said period of fifteen days unless by order of the court upon application and sufficient cause being shown for the delay. Within thirty days after the expiration of said period of three months final judgment shall be entered as of course upon said decision or report, unless for sufficient cause the court in the meantime shall have otherwise ordered. Upon filing the decision of the court or report of the referee, a judgment annulling a marriage or divorcing the parties and dissolving a marriage, shall be inter
It is necessary to keep in mind the substantive law governing the contract and status of marriage and the right of dower in reading this rather novel and somewhat complex enactment.
“ A widow shall be endowed of the third part of all the lands whereof her husband was seized of an estate of inheritance at any time during the marriage.” (Real Prop. Law [Gen. Laws, chap. 46; Laws of 1896, chap. 547], § 170.)
In construing a similar statute of Massachusetts where the essential facts were the same as in the case at bar, the court said: “ A decree of divorce entered nisi does not dissolve the marriage. (Wales v. Wales, 119 Mass. 89; Graves v. Graves, 108 Mass. 314; Noble v. Noble, L. R. 1 P. & D. 691.) A decree nisi having been entered the death of either party before the decree has been made absolute, and before the time when it can be made absolute, puts an end to the suit, and thereafter the divorce cannot be made absolute
It will be observed that section 1774 of the Code of Civil Procedure says: “Wo final judgment * * * divorcing the pa/rties and dissolving a marriage, shall be entered in an action * * . *, until after the expiration of three months after the filing of the decision of the court or report of the referee.”
It has been held that an interlocutory judgment under that section is ineffectual to dissolve the marriage relationbetnveen the parties, and a marriage contracted by the guilty husband with another woman in another State prior to the entry of final judgment of divorce is absolutely void. (Pettit v. Pettit, 105 App. Div. 312.)
These authorities and defendants’ contention cannot stand together.
The interlocutory judgment did not dissolve the marriage and divorce the parties, the plaintiff is the widow and entitled to dower. The special defense alleged is not a defense. There are no denials in the answer and plaintiff is entitled to judgment, which may be entered accordingly.