33 S.W. 1078 | Tex. Crim. App. | 1896
Lead Opinion
The appellant was convicted of murder in the first degree, and his punishment assessed at confinement in the penitentiary for life, and from this judgment he prosecutes this appeal. The record contains what purports to be a statement of facts in the case. No file mark appears on the statement of facts, and we are not informed when it was filed. It is properly approved by the judge, but whether filed in term, ten days after, or subsequent to the adjournment, we are not informed. It cannot therefore be considered for any purpose. In the absence of a statement of facts, we cannot pass upon the action of the court in refusing to continue or postpone the case. While the diligence may have been perfect, and the testimony of the absent witnesses material, we cannot determine whether such testimony was probably true, because it is tested by the testimony introduced upon the trial, which is not before us. In passing upon the charge of the court, the rule is that, if the charge as given was applicable to any state of facts, we must hold it sufficient, in the absence of a statement of facts, unless it contains an expression of the court as to the credibility of the witness or the weight to be given to the testimony, or unless it sums up the testimony, or contains something which is calculated to arouse the passions and prejudice of the jury against the accused. We have examined the charge of the court, and find no error in it, tested by the allegations in the indictment. In the absence of a statement of facts, a charge might violate the provisions of Art. 678, Code Crim. Proc., which would be reversible error, because this article expressly inhibits the court from using any argument calculated to arouse the sympathy or excite the passions of the jury. The charge does not comment upon the testimony, does not sum up the evidence, or express an opinion as to the weight of the testimony. It is therefore without objection in this respect.
It appears from the record, by a bill of exceptions, that an operation *397
was performed upon the deceased, soon after he was shot; that before the operation he made a statement in regard to how he received the wound, from whom, and giving the circumstances attending the shooting. His statement was reduced to writing, and, over the defendant's objection, introduced in evidence as containing his dying declaration. The objection was that the deceased was not conscious of approaching death, that there was a lingering hope of recovery remaining with him. This is assigned as error. In reply we have to say: First, that a bill of exceptions, in the absence of a statement of facts, must show upon its face that it contains all of the evidence introduced on the trial in regard to the matter complained of; second, that, while this written statement may not have been admissible, the deceased may have, when conscious of approaching death or immediate dissolution, referred to it, and approved it as a correct statement. The statement of facts supports this proposition, and it demonstrates that this may occur. While we cannot consider the statement of facts, we allude to it as an illustration of the correctness of the rule we state, viz: That all of the testimony bearing upon the question as to whether he had a hope of recovery or not must be stated. The bill of exceptions must show that that was the only statement that he made; for if he approved the written statement, or made a declaration afterwards, when fully conscious of approaching death, which was consistent with that statement, which had been reduced to writing, no injury could result to the accused. The written statement, standing alone, was not admissible. There was a lingering hope of recovery. But we are not informed by the bill that this was all the testimony bearing upon the condition of the deceased's mind; and, as has been stated, afterwards, when the deceased was conscious that he was about to die, he may have referred to the written statement, and approved the same as a correct version of what occurred at the time of the shooting; and the second bill of exceptions, bearing upon this subject, shows that he did do this. If the deceased gives a version of what occurred at the time the fatal wound was received, believing that he would recover, and his statement is reduced to writing, and if, afterwards, he, believing that he was going to die, refers to and approves the statement as being correct, the statement is competent testimony as dying declarations. Mockabee v. Com.,
The objection to the testimony of Patterson is not well taken. The testimony shows bitter feelings on the part of the defendant towards the deceased, and also establishes threats of a very serious character, and is therefore admissible upon other grounds. The appellant's bills of exceptions, Nos. 6 and 7, are not approved by the judge. The appellant did not bring himself within the rule laid down in Exon v. State,
Affirmed.
Addendum
This case was decided at the Dallas term (1896) of this court, and the judgment then affirmed, the statement of facts being stricken out. Appellant now applies for a rehearing in said case, and his motion involves the action of this court in striking out the statement of facts. In the decision of this case, the court ignored and disregarded what purported to be a statement of facts, found in the record, on the ground that no file mark appeared on said statement of facts. Appellant, in his motion for rehearing, presents the affidavit of the clerk, to the effect that said statement of facts was filed within ten days after adjournment of the term of court, the court having granted ten days after adjournment of court in which to file said statement of facts. Said affidavit is as follows:
"J.R. Wilson, Clerk of the District Court of Bowie County, Texas, being sworn, says: that the statement of facts, as it appears in the transcript in the above styled and numbered cause, appealed from Bowie County, was sent to him by Hon. Jno. L. Sheppard, District Judge, presiding upon the trial of appellant in the District Court of said county, with instructions to properly and in due time file the same, and that he did immediately place his file mark as District Clerk of said Bowie County upon said statement of facts, and that the omission of a copy of the file mark in the transcript of said cause was an oversight of the clerk making the transcript; and he further says, that while he does not remember the day upon which he filed said statement of facts, the file mark thereon shows that it was filed within ten days after the adjournment of the term of the court during which appellant was tried.
[Signed] "J.R. WILSON,
"District Clerk Bowie County, Texas."
"Subscribed and sworn to before me this February 3rd, 1896.
"JNO. J. KING,
"County Judge Bowie County, Texas." *399
It will be noticed that the affidavit of said clerk, states that his omission to put the file mark on the statement of facts in the transcript of said case was an oversight, and that while he does not remember the day upon which he filed said statement of facts, the file mark thereon shows that it was filed within ten days after the adjournment of the term of court at which appellant was tried. This affidavit is clearly evasive, and it is intended to convey the idea that said statement of facts was filed within ten days after the adjournment of court. The clerk knew at the time that such was not the case. Other affidavits and letters in the case indicate, that although the court adjourned on the 23rd of October, 1894, the statement of facts in this case was not filed, in fact, until in the year 1895; and this same clerk makes the following subsequent affidavit:
"Now comes J.R. Wilson, and in obedience to a writ of attachment issued out of the Court of Criminal Appeals, of the State of Texas, and directed to the sheriff of Bowie County, commanding him to summon the said J.R. Wilson before the Court of Criminal Appeals, on the 4th day of March, 1896, then and there to testify in the case of the State of Texas v. G.L. Bryant, and also show cause why he should not be fined for contempt of court, respectfully answers as follows: The statement of facts in said case was forwarded from Jefferson to the district clerk of Bowie County, on the first day of February, 1895, by John L. Sheppard, judge of the Fifth Judicial District, accompanied by a letter, a copy of which is hereto attached, marked "Exhibit A," and made a part of this answer, directing the said J.R. Wilson, as clerk, to file the said statement of facts within the ten days from the adjournment of the term — which he did — believing the District Judge had the right to make said order.
"Wherefore, said J.R. Wilson respectfully asks that he be relieved from any further liability herein.
"[Signed] J.R. WILSON."
"Subscribed and sworn to by J.R. Wilson, before me, on this, the 4th day of March, A.D. 1896.
"W.A. HUDSON, "Clerk Court of Criminal Appeals, at Dallas."
To this affidavit is appended a copy of the letter of the Hon. John L. Sheppard, District Judge, authorizing said Wilson to file a statement of facts back within the ten days. Said letter is as follows:
"MR. J.R. WILSON, "LINDEN, TEXAS, 2-7, 1895.
"Boston, Texas.
"DEAR SIR: — File the statement of facts in the Bryant case within ten days from the adjournment of court.
"Very truly yours, [Signed] "JOHN L. SHEPPARD." *400
Unquestionably the first contention of appellant, to the effect that such statement of facts was filed within the ten days after the adjournment of the court, is not true. Nor can the contention of the appellant, that this court cannot go behind the file mark appearing on the statement of facts, be maintained. The contrary was held in Spencer v. State,
In testing this question of diligence, it will be tried by what appellant did, with reference to preparing a statement of facts and presenting the same to the District Attorney and then to the District Judge, within the ten days after the adjournment of the court. This question of diligence within the ten days is presented to us pro and con by affidavits and exhibits. The affidavits of Estes and Mayher, show that Mayher acted as stenographer during the trial of the case, and that he took the testimony in shorthand; that court adjourned on the 23rd of October, and that Estes, acting as the attorney of appellant, and Mayher as stenographer, at once set about the preparation of a statement of facts, and that they used all diligence to transcribe the stenographer's notes and get them in shape, and worked each day of the intervening time, except Sundays. That great difficulty was encountered in the transcription of said stenographer's notes, there being a great deal of expert medical testimony in the case; that the same was finished as soon as the said Estes and the stenographer could complete it, and said Estes immediately took it to Daingerfield, in Morris County, where the District Court was in session, and submitted the same to the Hon. Hiram Glass and Hon. John L. Sheppard, who were respectively the District Attorney and District Judge, who prosecuted and presided respectively during the trial of the appellant's case. That the said District Attorney declined to agree to said statement of facts, after which affiant (Estes) took the same to the District Judge, informing him of his inability to agree with the District Attorney upon the statement, and requested him to approve the same as furnished by the affiant, and forward, as soon as possible, to the Clerk of the District Court of Bowie County, Texas. The District Judge declined to approve said statement or accept the same, and instructed the affiant to take the same back to the District Attorney, and as soon as each furnished him a statement from the two he would make up a statement of facts and forward the same to the *401 District Clerk. Affiant then took his statement back to the District Attorney, and left the same with him, requesting at the same time that as much speed as possible be used in preparing said statement, to be furnished to the District Judge for inspection. Appellant also appends to his motion a letter or certificate of the District Judge which is as follows:
"LINDEN, TEXAS, Feb. 10th, 1896.
"This is to certify that I tried the case of The State of Texas against George L. Bryant, in the District Court of Bowie County, Texas, and that after ten days had elapsed after the adjournment of the District Court in said county, Mr. Lee Estes, one of the defendant's attorneys, came to Daingerfield, Morris County, Texas, and told me that he had his statements of facts in said case, and I asked him, had the District Attorney agreed to his statement, and he said they had not agreed in the statement; and I suggested to him to take his statement to the District Attorney, and if they failed to agree, that they could present their respective statements to me, and then I would prepare a statement of facts. I never saw the statement of facts prepared by either the District Attorney or the defendant's counsel until January, 1895, which was about seventy-five or eighty days after the trial of the said George L. Bryant. It was about fifteen days after the adjournment of the court in Bowie County, when I saw Mr. Lee Estes in Daingerfield, and had the conversation with him above referred to.
[Signed] "JOHN L. SHEPPARD,
"Judge 5th Judicial District."
This exhibit shows that it was fifteen days after the adjournment of the court before counsel for appellant spoke to the judge with reference to the statement of facts, and then he did not present the same to him for approval. As we have stated before, there is a good deal in the record to show an endeavor, after the expiration of the ten days, on the part of appellant's counsel to get the District Attorney to agree to a statement of facts, but as stated, with this we have nothing to do. The question is, as to the diligence exercised within the ten days after the adjournment of the court.
Appellant says, that the statement of facts contained some 150 pages when transcribed from the stenographer's notes. This may have included questions and answers, as the questions do not appear in the record. But, as the statement of facts appears in the record, there is only 111 pages of type-written matter, and this includes four pages of letters, which would leave only 107 pages of type-written matter to be prepared within the ten days. An ordinary typewriter would transcribe fifty pages a day. This would take only three days to complete the transcription of the stenographer's notes. While this was being done, the counsel in the case could be employed in preparing, from these questions and answers, a statement of facts, so that he need not be delayed until the stenographer had finished the transcription of his notes. We take it as reasonable, *402 without imposing upon him any extra labor, and without requiring him to work at night, that he could have at least prepared twenty pages of manuscript of the statement of facts each day; and within six days, by the use of ordinary diligence, he could have had his statement of facts prepared and ready to be presented to the District Attorney for his agreement. If the District Attorney failed to agree to the same, it was his duty then to obtain his disagreement, and then present the statement of facts to the judge. He had four days, after he could by the use of ordinary diligence have prepared his statement of facts, within which to have seen the District Attorney and the District Judge, and present his statement of facts to them. When the statement of facts reached the District Judge within the ten days, his duty was performed, and the judge's duty with reference to the statement began. But, as we have seen, the statement of facts was not presented to the judge, even on the fifteenth day after the trial. It was merely stated by appellant's counsel to the judge, that he had his statement. The affidavit of the attorney before alluded to, is couched in the most general terms. He merely states that he used diligence, but the acts he did are not stated, and we are asked, on this bare statement that he used diligence, to take it for granted that, it was impossible in the nature of things for the attorney in this case to have prepared the statement of facts, 107 pages, within the limited time of ten days. This proposition is unreasonable, and we cannot concede it. Should we do so, it would be equivalent to enlarging the limitation authorized by the statute, in almost every case. In every case where the evidence was at all voluminous, we would be confronted with the general affidavit that the party had used reasonable diligence to prepare his statement of facts, but found it impossible to do so. There may be such cases where the record is so voluminous that we might feel constrained to enlarge the time, but in such case, it must clearly appear that the appellant used due diligence to have prepared the statement of facts within the tell days authorized by law; and that his failure to procure a statement of facts was the result of causes beyond his control. Nor would we feel at liberty to exclude the intervening Sundays from the limitation of time. Certainly a case could rarely occur in which the parties were only engaged in the trial four days, including the empanelment of the jury and argument of counsel, in which it could be said that by the use of reasonable diligence the party was not able to prepare a statement of the facts adduced on the trial, within the ten days. In our opinion the diligence shown was not sufficient, and we cannot consider the statement of facts. What the judge may have said or done, or the District. Attorney may have said or done with reference to filing the statement of facts back within the ten days cannot avail the appellant in order to exonorate him from the use of diligence before the tell days allowed by law expired. This being the only question in the case, the motion for rehearing is overruled.
Motion Overruled. *403
