105 Wis. 625 | Wis. | 1900
Examination of the evidence convinces us tbat the findings of the jury are sufficiently supported by the evidence, and the main question to be decided is whether these findings, in connection with the undisputed facts, justify the judgment rendered. Garvin attempted to purchase the timber by parol, and paid part of the purchase money, and agreed to pay the balance at a future time. "While this contract was void under the statute of frauds because it was a contract for the sale of an interest in real estate, it was still effective as a parol license to cut timber, which was good until revoked; and the title to timber cut in reliance upon such license, prior to revocation thereof, would vest in Garvin. Marsh v. Bellew, 45 Wis. 36; Lillie v. Dunbar, 62 Wis. 198. So the question simply is whether the license was revoked before Garvin cut the timber and converted it into personal property. There was no revocation by notice. The license had been executed by cutting the timber before any notice of revocation was given. But it is claimed that the written contract of sale of an undivided half of the land made by Bruley with Jesse Lowe December 8, and prior to the cutting of the timber, operated as a revocation of the license pro tanto. It is difficult to see how this conclusion can be escaped. A parol license to cut timber on the licensor’s land is simply authority to do certain acts upon another’s lands. Being founded in personal confidence, it is not assignable, and it is gone if the licensor deed the land to another, or if either party die. Thoemke v. Fiedler, 91 Wis. 386; Northern P. R. Co. v. Paine, 119 U. S. 561. The authority is ended by the transfer of the’title or by the fact of death, and no notice thereof is necessary. The estate of the licensor is gone, and the licensee’s authority to go upon the land necessarily expires with the expiration of the licensor’s estate. 1 Sugden, Vendors (8th Am. ed.), 177, note 1; 2 Am. Lead. Cas. 550, note to Prince v. Case. So, had Jesse Lowe deeded one half of the land to Bruley prior
One question arises upon the rulings on evidence. The plaintiff in error (defendant below) called as a witness Judge R. B. Salter, the county judge of Clark county and a member of the bar, and endeavored to prove a conversation had
"While the question as to the admissibility of this evidence is not free from difficulty, we think the ruling of the court was correct. In <order to entitle a client to the statutory privilege, it is not absolutely essential that a fee should be paid, or that there should he an actual retainer. The exclusion of the evidence is founded upon public policy, in the furtherance of justice, to the end that a man may have free and unrestrained communication with his legal adviser. There can be no reasonable, doubt that Salter was, for the ■time being, Garvin's legal adviser. Garvin unquestionably sought him and stated his case to him in his professional capacity, in order to get legal advice thereon. The subject is quite fully treated in the case of Bacon v. Frisbie, 80 N. Y. 394, where a similar conclusion was reached under circumstances almost identical with' those now before us. Crisler v. Garland, 11 Smedes & M. 136, 49 Am. Dec. 49; 3 Jones, Ev. § 767, and notes.
Some exceptions are taken to portions of the charge. We have examined them and find no prejudicial error. ' They are not deemed-of .sufficient importance to require treatment at length.
Upon the verdict and undisputed facts, Garvin should
By the Court.— As to tbe sum of $44.06, tbe judgment is affirmed, and tbe remainder of tbe judgment is reversed, and tbe cause is remanded with directions to allow tbe plaintiff in error to tax bis costs in tbe trial court and enter judgment therefor against tbe defendant in error. Tbe plaintiff in error will be allowed to tax tbe clerk’s fees i» this court, and bis necessary disbursements for printing, but no other costs in this court are to be taxed.
Mandate modified on motion, March 21, 1900, as follows::
By the Cowrt.— Judgment modified by striking from the-damage tbe sum of $44.06, and as so modified affirmed. Plaintiff in error will be allowed to tax tbe clerk’s fees in, this court and necessary disbursements, for printing but no other costs.