S14A1689. BROWNER v. THE STATE.
S14A1689
Supreme Court of Georgia
NOVEMBER 3, 2014
296 Ga. 138 | 765 SE2d 348
BENHAM, Justice.
(Punctuation and footnotes omitted.) Holiday v. State, 272 Ga. 779, 780-781 (2) (534 SE2d 411) (2000). Therefore, the trial court did not err by allowing the jury to consider Wright‘s prior inconsistent statement as substantive evidence.
6. In his brief, Poellnitz raised an additional enumeration that the trial court erred by failing to assess, sua sponte, whether a certain statement made by Poellnitz with regard to a similar transaction was made voluntarily. At oral argument, however, Poellnitz withdrew this enumeration, and, as such, we do not consider it.
Judgment affirmed. All the Justices concur.
DECIDED NOVEMBER 3, 2014.
Barry M. Hazen, Thomas M. West, for appellant.
Robert D. James, Jr., District Attorney, Deborah D. Wellborn, Assistant District Attorney, Samuel S. Olens, Attorney General, Patricia B. Attaway Burton, Deputy Attorney General, Paula K. Smith, Senior Assistant Attorney General, Andrew G. Sims, Assistant Attorney General, for appellee.
BENHAM, Justice.
Appellant Antonio Browner was convicted of felony murder and other related crimes associated with the shooting death of Gary Cole, the assistant manager of a Family Dollar store, during an armed robbery of the store. He was also convicted of armed robbery of Fran Meyer and attempted car-jacking of her vehicle which occurred later in the same evening as the shooting of Mr. Cole.1 Browner appeals, raising several grounds, and for the reasons set forth herein, we affirm.
Viewed in the light most favorable to the verdict, the trial evidence showed that appellant entered the store armed with a gun with the intent to commit robbery. He commanded the store manager to open the safe, but while the manager was attempting to do so, Browner shot him. The victim died as a result of the shooting. After shooting the manager, appellant turned his gun on another employee, Cynthia Poole, before running out of the store. Although neither employee opened the store safe or registers, appellant testified and admitted he took cash that was laying on the store counter. The robbery was recorded by store security cameras which showed appellant wearing distinctive cartoon-printed pajama-style pants. Video from a security camera at the courthouse showed a man matching appellant‘s description wearing the same pajama-style pants earlier the same day. Appellant admitted he was the man shown in both security camera videos. The store camera also showed one of appellant‘s co-indictees, Quartez Carter, standing at the door to the store. The other co-indictee, Ron‘Esha Smith, waited outside in a get-away car. During the robbery, the cell phone appellant was carrying made an apparently inadvertent call to a friend who heard appellant tell the store manager to “shut the f*** up and give it to me. Open the drawer.” The witness also heard another male voice in the background saying, “Just beat his a**.” She also heard a gunshot. The next day, appellant admitted to the friend who received the telephone call that he and the others had robbed the store, but he denied killing anyone. When the friend learned from an internet report that an employee had been killed in the robbery, she notified law enforcement
Acting on this tip, the police located Smith‘s car en route to the friend‘s house and made a traffic stop. Appellant was taken into custody, after which he gave two statements to police. A search of the stopped car revealed evidence related to the armed robbery and attempted car-jacking of victim Fran Meyer. That victim identified co-indictee Smith‘s car as one she had seen nearby before she was accosted. She testified that the purse taken from her contained several hundred-dollar bills. Security cameras at a nearby store, as well as store records of the transaction, captured video showing appellant making a purchase using a one-hundred-dollar bill shortly after the robbery of Meyer and the attempted car-jacking. When Smith‘s car was searched after Smith and appellant were taken into custody, the victim‘s checkbook was found in Smith‘s vehicle. Two of appellant‘s younger relatives testified that appellant and his two co-indictees had picked them up on the evening of these events and they had witnessed the Meyer armed robbery and attempted car-jacking. Pajama-style pants matching those that appellant admitted he was wearing at the scene of the store robbery and shooting were recovered from a dumpster at Carter‘s apartment complex.
At trial, appellant testified he had committed the store armed robbery, had fired the shot that killed the store manager, and took Meyer‘s purse, but appellant claimed Carter had threatened to kill him and Smith if he did not comply. The witnesses to the attempted car-jacking, however, testified they never saw Carter threaten appellant as they were driving around. In two custodial statements given to the police, appellant did not mention that Carter had threatened or coerced him.
1. Appellant asserts the trial court erred in denying his motion for new trial on the ground that the evidence was insufficient to convict. Quoting Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U. S. 307, 317 (99 SCt 2781, 61 LE2d 560) (1979), appellant urges that the United States Supreme Court recognized that even “a properly instructed jury may occasionally convict even when it can be said that no rational trier of fact could find guilt beyond a reasonable doubt,” and that this is such a case. Particularly with respect to what appellant refers to as “the secondary charges,” presumably referring to the charges relating to the car-jacking and armed robbery of Meyer, appellant claims the evidence was vague, ambiguous, and conflicting, at best, with regard to him.
When reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence this Court does not reweigh the evidence or resolve conflicts in testimony. Caldwell v. State, 263 Ga. 560, 562 (1) (436 SE2d 488) (1993). Resolving evidentiary conflicts and inconsistencies and assessing witness credibility are the province of the fact finder, not the appellate court. Miller v. State, 295 Ga. 769, 771 (1) (764 SE2d 135) (2014). Appellant presented the affirmative defense of coercion, but the jury was not required to believe him or accept that defense. See, e.g., Murray v. State, 295 Ga. 289, 291 (1) (759 SE2d 525) (2014) (jury entitled to disbelieve affirmative defense of self-defense); Engrisch v. State, 293 Ga. App. 810, 812 (668 SE2d 319) (2008). Although appellant denied he participated in the attempted car-jacking at the time he took Meyer‘s purse, the evidence was at least sufficient to support his conviction as a party to the crime. In determining the sufficiency of the evidence, this Court reviews the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict. Miller v. State, supra at 771 (1). Doing so, we find sufficient evidence was presented at trial to permit a rational trier of fact to find appellant guilty of all the charges for which he was convicted.
2. After being taken into custody, appellant gave two separate statements to police. The trial court conducted a hearing on appellant‘s motion to suppress the statements from being presented as evidence at the trial, after which the court denied appellant‘s motion. The evidence presented at the hearing showed that before giving each statement, appellant executed a written waiver acknowledging that he had been informed of his right to have counsel present during any statement made to police, indicating that he understood his rights, and declaring that he freely and voluntarily waived his right to have counsel present. Nevertheless, appellant asserts the trial court erred in admitting the statements because, he claims, the totality of the circumstances show that his statements were not freely and voluntarily made. “[U]nless clearly erroneous, a trial court‘s credibility determinations and factual findings relating to the admissibility of a confession must be upheld on appeal. However, we independently apply the law to the facts.” (Citation and punctuation omitted.) Smith v. State, 295 Ga. 283, 285 (1) (759 SE2d 520) (2014). Applying this standard, we find no error in the trial court‘s decision to admit the two custodial statements into evidence.
Appellant‘s assertion that the statements should not have been admitted into evidence is based in part on the fact that appellant was kept waiting in isolation from others for over an hour before the interviewing officer first informed him of his rights and took his first statement, during which time he was under video surveillance. No evidence gleaned from the pre-interview videotape, however, was admitted into evidence. Thus, the fact that a videotape was made, unbeknownst to appellant, before he was advised of his right to counsel and right to remain silent is irrelevant to the issue of whether
Appellant further argues that his statements were made when he was tired and under duress, and therefore his statements were not freely given. Appellant, however, fails to point to any circumstances supporting the assertion that his statements were made under duress, and a review of the videotape of his statements reveals no such duress was applied. At no point during the interviews did appellant assert his right to counsel or attempt to end the interview. The videotape of the two interviews reveals no evidence of extreme tactics “such as lengthy interrogation, physical deprivation, brutality, or deception” that would render the trial court‘s decision regarding the voluntariness of appellant‘s statements erroneous. (Citation and punctuation omitted.) Fennell v. State, 292 Ga. 834, 837 (4) (741 SE2d 877) (2013).
Also, appellant claims the fact that he was offered water and a cigarette after the first interview began, but not during the time he spent waiting for the interview to begin, demonstrates an improper benefit was offered that renders his statement involuntary and inadmissible. Appellant points to no evidence that he asked for, but was denied, water or any other comfort accommodations while he was waiting for the interview to begin. Providing them during the in-custody interview does not rise to the level of a hope of benefit that will prevent a confession from being admissible pursuant to former
3. Appellant asserts the trial court erred in admitting into evidence, over his objection, four photographs of victim Cole‘s body. Appellant asserts the photographs were gruesome, have no independent probative value, and therefore they served only to prejudice the jury by interjecting emotion into the case. Further, he asserts the inflammatory effect of these photographs outweighs their evidentiary worth where, as here, appellant did not contest the victim was shot and died from his wounds. The first of these photographs showed the victim lying in a body bag, covered by a sheet up to his shoulders with a breathing apparatus on his face. At the hearing on the motion to suppress, in response to appellant‘s objection, the prosecutor countered that this photograph was relevant in that it showed how the victim arrived at the medical examiner‘s office and also showed the medical examiner‘s case number, by which the examiner was able to identify the victim as she testified at trial. The second photograph showed a close-up of the victim‘s face once the breathing apparatus was removed, which showed some blood in the victim‘s mouth, but the prosecutor countered that this was the only photograph showing an unobstructed view of the victim‘s face which was not a nude full-body photo. The third photograph showed the gunshot entry wound in the victim‘s side and the fourth was a closeup of the entry wound. As such, these photographs were relevant to demonstrating the cause of death and type of wound inflicted in the shooting.
Generally, pre-incision autopsy photographs of the victim are admissible if relevant and material to any issue, even if they are duplicative and may inflame the jury. See Thomas v. State, 259 Ga. 202, 203 (4) (378 SE2d 686) (1989). This Court has deemed pre-autopsy photographs to be relevant and material, and therefore admissible, if they illustrate the nature and extent of the victim‘s wounds. See Oliver v. State, 276 Ga. 665, 668 (5) (581 SE2d 538) (2003); Hayes v. State, 268 Ga. 809, 812 (5) (493 SE2d 169) (1997). That one of the photographs depicted the victim with a breathing apparatus on his face does not make it inadmissible. Compare Johnson v. State, 289 Ga. 106, 108 (2) (709 SE2d 768) (2011) (the mere fact that metal probes illustrating the angle and path of the victim‘s wounds could be seen in photographs of the victim did not render them inadmissible); Stewart v. State, 286 Ga. 669, 670 (3) (690 SE2d 811) (2010) (photographs that included medical devices with the victim‘s body were not unnecessarily gruesome to admit into evidence). Further, the fact that the cause of death was not in dispute
4. Appellant testified and admitted that he held a gun on the victim but that he only meant to scare the victim into opening the safe and did not mean the gun to go off. He urges that this testimony established an evidentiary issue for jury determination regarding intent, and that since the credibility of his testimony was up to the jury to determine, the trial court erred in failing to give his requested charge on the affirmative defense of accident or misfortune. But appellant‘s own testimony negates any issue regarding accident or misfortune.
Pursuant to
Judgment affirmed. All the Justices concur.
DECIDED NOVEMBER 3, 2014.
Jonathan P. Waters, for appellant.