119 Ga. 572 | Ga. | 1904
On December 24, 1902, in Jefferson county, E. L. O. Gay was first robbed, then murdered, and the storehouse in which his dead body lay was destroyed by fire. Ganus, Walker, Brown, and Timmons were jointly indicted for the murder. Walker was found guilty, and the judgment affirmed by this court. See Walker v. State, 118 Ga. 757. In that case it was ruled that whether Timmons was an accomplice or not was a matter to be determined by the jury. The evidence in the present case is substantially the same as that on the prosecution of Walker, and the new evidence is merely contradictory of that then offered by the State. Timmons testified that he knew nothing of any criminal design on' the part of the other three when they went into the store and left him at the door. Indeed the evidence is silent as to whether any conspiracy had been formed between the three before they reached the store, or whether the sight of the money, and the opportunity for robbery gave birth to the design which was immediately consummated. But be that as it may, the testimony of Timmons was sufficient to establish that he was not an accomplice, and also to prove the commission of the offense charged. Timmons testified that Gay was hit with a hammer by Walker; and there was evidence to determine whether after the fire the hammer was found under the place where it was ordinarily kept, or in a part of the burned building indicating that it had been moved from its usual position. The motion for a new trial recites that the defendant moved to rule out the testimony of I. J. Gay on this subject, as his knowledge was derived from what others told him. The court ruled that he would leave that
An assignment of error must be complete in itself. It is claimed that the testimony of Gay as to hunting for money and finding a hole under the steps from which a box may have recently been taken was irrelevant. If so, it was also harmless so far as we can infer from this motion. It does not appear that he found anything, and at best the evidence was purely negative; Travelers Ins. Co. v. Thornton, 119 Ga. 455. If on its face manifestly prejudicial, or if the motion discloses in what way irrelevant testimony has been harmful, a new trial may be granted for its admission over objection. But mere irrelevancy is not suffi
The state of a witness’s feelings to a party may always be proved, for the consideration of the jury (Civil Code, § 5289); and it was not error for the court to permit the solicitor-general to ask one of the witnesses for the defendant if she was not his paramour; the court instructing her that she could answer the question or not as she saw fit.
The State introduced in evidence a letter written by the defendant, and, for the purpose of proving its execution, offered that portion of his testimony in the case of the State v. Walker in which he admitted having written it. Thereafter Brown offered all of his testimony given on the trial of Walker, and excepts to the court’s refusal to admit the same. “ The admission, in a conversation or document, by the defendant of a fact disadvantageous to himself will not be received without receiving at the same time all such other parts of such conversation or document, whether emanating from himself or from another, as may tend to explain or qualify the part first given. The whole relevant context is in such case to be left to the jury, who are to say whether the facts asserted by the defendant in his favor are true.” Wharton’s Cr. Ev. (9th ed.) § 688. “ Only the relevant parts of the context are to be received.” Ibid. The principle underlying this rule is that one can not offer that part of an entire conversation, letter, or record which is helpful to him, and prevent his opponent from using the modifying, qualifying, and explanatory context; but it has no application to those parts of a conversation which relate to a subject entirely different from that offered in the first instance. When, therefore, the State introduced Brown’s admission that he had written a letter, it was estopped from objecting to everything else therein which the defendant said on that subject. But this did not make relevant and admissible all of the self-serving declarations as to alibi, and other independent statements wholly disconnected with the letter, its contents, or the circumstances under which it was written. Civil Code, § 5196.
On a careful examination of this record we find no error in the admission or exclusion of evidence. There is no assignment upon
Affirmed.
