2006 Ohio 6671 | Ohio Ct. App. | 2006
Lead Opinion
{¶ 1} Plaintiff-Appellant Michael Brown has appealed from the judgment of the Lorain County Court of Common Pleas that denied his motion for a new trial. This Court affirms.
{¶ 3} Appellant filed suit against Appellee in November of 2003, claiming that his injuries were a result of Appellee's negligence. Prior to trial, Appellee stipulated that she negligently operated her motor vehicle. Specifically, Appellee swerved to avoid another car in front of her and hit the van in which Appellant was seated which was parked near the edge of the roadway. The matter was then tried to a jury on the issue of damages. At the conclusion of the evidence, the jury returned a verdict in favor of Appellant, but it awarded zero damages. Appellant moved for a new trial under Civ.R. 59(A)(6), asserting that the jury's verdict was against the manifest weight of the evidence. On September 26, 2005, the trial court denied Appellant's motion for a new trial. Appellant has timely appealed from the trial court's judgment, raising one assignment of error for review.
"THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AND ABUSED IT DISCRETION WHEN IT DENIED APPELLANT'S CIVIL RULE 59(A) MOTION FOR A NEW TRIAL."
{¶ 4} In his sole assignment of error, Appellant has asserted that the trial court erred in denying his motion for a new trial. Specifically, Appellant has argued that he clearly demonstrated some injury and that the jury's award of zero damages was clearly erroneous. We disagree.
{¶ 5} Appellant challenges the jury verdict regarding damages and the proximate cause of his injuries as being against the manifest weight of the evidence, per Civ.R. 59(A)(6). "When an appellate court reviews the grant or denial of a motion for a new trial as against the weight of the evidence, the appellate court does not directly review whether the judgment was against the manifest weight of the evidence." Snyder v.Singer (May 17, 2000), 9th Dist. No. 99CA0020, at *3, citing Malone v.Courtyard by Marriot L.P. (1996),
{¶ 6} A trial judge should "abstain from interfering with the verdict unless it is quite clear that the jury has reached a seriously erroneous result." (Internal quotations omitted.) Bland v. Graves (1993),
{¶ 7} Furthermore, "[i]t is the function of the jury to assess the damages, and generally, it is not for a trial or appellate court to substitute its judgment for that of the trier-of fact." Betz v. TimkenMercy Med. Ctr. (1994),
{¶ 8} In support of his argument, Appellant has argued that the following stipulation mandates the award of some damages:
"The Defendant, Dyan Mariano, was negligent, and that negligence was the proximate cause of some injury to Plaintiff. The only issue that you will decide is the amount of damages that will fully and fairly compensate Plaintiff for the injuries directly and proximately caused by Defendant's negligence[.]"
Appellant has extrapolated from this stipulation that the jury was required to award him at a minimum nominal damages. Specifically, Appellant has effectively argued that "some injury" is synonymous with "some compensable injury." We disagree.
{¶ 9} In the trial court, Appellant relied upon three distinct injuries: an injury to his back; an injury to his neck; and an injury to his shoulder. We address each of those injuries individually.
Shoulder Injury
{¶ 10} Throughout the proceedings below, Appellee contested the fact that Appellant's shoulder injury resulted from the accident. In support of her claim, Appellee relied upon the testimony of Appellant and the testimony of her expert, Dr. Albert King.
{¶ 11} Appellant testified that he was unaware that he had been in an accident. Specifically, Appellant testified that he was unaware an accident had occurred until two people approached his vehicle to ask if he had been injured. Appellant further testified as follows:
"Q. Your body didn't move upon impact, did it?
"A. Not that I remember, no.
"Q. Okay. It didn't move forward?
"A. No.
"Q. It didn't move from side to side?
"A. No.
"Q. You stayed right where you were at?
"A. Yes.
"Q. Your shoulder and your left arm didn't strike anything on the interior of the car, did it — or the van?
"A. No, it didn't."
{¶ 12} Dr. King testified on behalf of Appellee on the issue of causation. Dr. King testified that he has a Ph.D. in biomechanical engineering, the study of the effect of forces upon the human body. Using accident reconstruction software, Dr. King estimated that Appellee's car was traveling 12 mph when it struck Appellant's van. Dr. King opined that the force generated in the collision was approximately 1.5 Gs. Dr. King noted that 1G is exerted on the body when walking and that 2Gs are exerted on the body when running. Specifically, Dr. King testified that the force generated in the accident could not have caused the shoulder injuries that Appellant claimed to have suffered.
{¶ 13} Dr. King's testimony was supported by the testimony of the surgeon who operated on Appellant. Dr. Robert Zanotti testified that Appellant suffered a SLAP lesion in his shoulder. Dr. Zanotti explained that a SLAP lesion consists of a tear of the muscles or tendons attaching the bicep to the shoulder. Dr. Zanotti testified that Appellant's SLAP lesion was a traumatic injury that could result in two ways, either through compression or distraction. Dr. Zanotti continued, noting that compression involved the application of force to the shoulder, while distraction was caused by force being exerted by the shoulder, such as heavy lifting or throwing or catching a heavy object. Neither of these methods for causing the injury, however, was present in the car accident. As noted above, Appellant testified that his shoulder did not strike any object during the accident. Furthermore, the distraction method for causing the injury is consistent with Appellee's theory that Appellant's injury was work-related. During his testimony, Appellant admitted that he often threw heavy garbage bags as a part of his job duties, an activity consistent with the distraction method for causing a SLAP lesion to the shoulder. In fact, during his treatment with Dr. Fagan, Appellant was repeatedly asked to stop throwing trash bags, but he continued to do so against the advice of his doctor. Finally, Dr. Zanotti indicated that the SLAP lesion had likely caused a partial tear in Appellant's rotator cuff, opining that friction caused by the loosened muscle in the joint caused the tear.
{¶ 14} Accordingly, the trial court did not err in finding that the jury's verdict was not against the manifest weight of the evidence with respect to its award of zero damages as it relates to Appellant's shoulder injuries. The jury had before it competent credible evidence that Appellant's SLAP lesion shoulder injury was unrelated to the accident and had caused his torn rotator cuff. The jury, therefore, properly concluded that Appellee was not liable for the damages that stemmed from those shoulder injuries.
Neck Injury
{¶ 15} "It is well settled that, in the context of a personal injury action, an injured party is entitled to recover the reasonable and necessary medical expenses arising from the injury." Gustin v.Chaney, 4th Dist. No. 05CA7,
{¶ 16} At trial, Dr. Kathleen Fagan, Appellant's treating physician, testified that at his initial appointment, Appellant had no objectively verifiable injury to his neck. In contrast, Appellant did have a limited range of motion in his shoulder. Additionally, Dr. Fagan noticed that muscle spasms were present in Appellant's shoulder region. As noted above, however, substantial evidence was presented that this injury and the accompanying muscle spasms were unrelated to the accident involving Appellee. In contrast again, Dr. Fagan noted no spasms were present in Appellant's neck region. Appellant himself testified that any pain in his neck "just kind of evaporated" a few days after the accident. Appellant never received physical therapy for his neck injury. Furthermore, while Appellant presented medical bills for his initial appointment, there is no indication that those fees were not accrued due to his shoulder injury; an injury which the facts demonstrate was unrelated to the accident.
{¶ 17} Additionally, the jury heard evidence from Dr. King that Appellant was likely not injured during the accident. Dr. King's testimony revealed that the force applied to Appellant's body during the accident was less than the force the body would endure by running. Dr. King opined that Appellant's head likely moved backward slightly on impact, but not sufficiently to cause injury which required medical care. Dr. King's testimony was directly supported by Appellant's own testimony which indicated that he did not even feel the impact of the accident and continued to work after the accident until his standard break period.
{¶ 18} Finally, while both Dr. Fagan and Dr. Zanotti opined that Appellant's injuries resulted from the accident, both relied solely upon Appellant's subjective reports to reach such a conclusion. Both noted that Appellant's injuries must have been caused by the accident because Appellant had not previously complained of the injuries.
{¶ 19} Accordingly, the jury heard evidence that Appellant had no objectively verifiable pain in his neck. In a similar case, Seymour v.Pierson, 5th Dist. No. 2005A00218,
{¶ 20} Additionally, through Dr. King and the cross-examination of Appellant, Appellee placed the necessity of treatment for Appellant's neck injury directly at issue. "In general, Ohio courts have held that a trial court must admit proffered medical bills and that the defense is then free to rebut the prima-facie evidence of necessity and reasonableness." Robinson v. Bates,
Back Injury
{¶ 21} During his testimony, Appellant indicated that he had previously experienced back pain as a result of his job as a laborer. Specifically, Appellant testified that jumping on and off of a garbage truck had previously injured his back. In addition, Appellant indicated that his work required him to perform many jobs which could injure his back, including shoveling, digging, and throwing heavy trash bags. Both Dr. King and Dr. Zanotti testified that Appellant's activities as a laborer could have caused the injuries he complained of, including his back injury. Furthermore, like his neck injury, his medical records indicate no objective signs of back injury. Accordingly, the jury had before it competent credible evidence that Appellant's alleged back injury could have been caused by an alternative source. The jury, therefore, was within its right to conclude from the evidence that Appellant's alleged back injury was not the result of the minor accident with Appellee. The trial court, therefore, did not abuse its discretion in denying Appellant's motion for a new trial
Conclusion
{¶ 22} None of the cases relied upon by Appellant compel reversal. Appellant is correct in his assertion that a jury must award damages for pain and suffering when evidence is presented to support that award. As noted above, however, Appellee presented evidence that no pain and suffering would have resulted from such a minor accident. Accordingly, Appellant's reliance upon such case law is misplaced.
{¶ 23} The jury had before it competent credible evidence that the treatment sought by Appellant for his neck injury was not reasonable and necessary. Specifically, Appellant's complaint of a neck injury was not objectively verifiable. Appellant admitted that he felt nothing at the time of impact and continued to work thereafter. Appellant further admitted that the pain he felt in his neck resolved itself in a few days without the aid of physical therapy. Simply stated, not every injury is compensable in tort. Furthermore, Appellee presented ample evidence that Appellant's alleged back and shoulder injuries were not the result of the accident involving Appellee, i.e., that both injuries resulted from Appellant's daily activities as a laborer. As such, we cannot say that the trial court abused it discretion in finding that the jury's award of zero damages was not against the manifest weight of the evidence. Appellant's sole assignment of error lacks merit.
Judgment affirmed.
The Court finds that there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common Pleas, County of Lorain, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.
Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(E). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.
Costs taxed to Appellant.
BOYLE, J. CONCURS
Dissenting Opinion
{¶ 25} I respectfully dissent from the majority's resolution of Appellant's assignment of error as I feel the trial court abused its discretion in determining that Appellant was not entitled to a new trial.
{¶ 26} The parties do not dispute that Appellant suffered an injury as a result of Appellee's negligence. The parties stipulated that Appellee was negligent and that her negligence was the proximate cause of "some injury" to Appellant. The central dispute surrounds Appellant's shoulder injury. Appellant, however, complained of injuries to his neck and back in addition to his shoulder. A few hours after the accident, Appellant sought medical treatment for his pain at the emergency room where he received two injections. Appellant was advised to follow-up with his physician. The cost of Appellant's emergency room visit was $191.
{¶ 27} In his closing argument, Appellee's counsel conceded that Appellant suffered neck and back pain on the day of the accident. He noted that this pain subsided within about a week. Regardless of the length of time that Appellant experienced this pain, there is no dispute that he indeed suffered pain as a result of the accident.
{¶ 28} The jury's verdict reflects an obvious disconnect as the parties stipulated that Appellee caused Appellant "some injury" yet the jury awarded Appellant no damages to compensate for any injury. Appellant sought treatment within a few hours of the accident because he experienced some degree of pain. Even if the jury did not believe Appellant suffered the extent of damages he claimed to have suffered, it cannot ignore the evidence regarding Appellant's other injuries and the parties' stipulation that Appellee caused "some injury" to Appellant.
{¶ 29} The majority analogizes this case to the Fifth District Court of Appeals' decision in Seymour and the Tenth District Court of Appeals' decision in Baker. Both cases are distinguishable from the within matter. In Seymour, the plaintiff recovered medical expenses but was awarded no damages for pain and suffering. Seymour, supra, at ¶ 35. In contrast to this case, the parties in Baker did not stipulate that the plaintiff suffered an injury as a result of the defendant's negligence.Baker, supra.
{¶ 30} Given the evidence and the parties' stipulation that Appellant sustained "some injury" from the accident, I would find that Appellant is entitled to at least the cost of his emergency room visit. This expense was reasonable and necessary in light of Appellant's back, neck and shoulder pain despite the low impact of the collision. SeeToledo Rys. Light Co. v. Mason (1910),